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Write a risk assessment for HOT WORK NEAR THE EDGE AREA OF A HIGH RISSING BUILDING

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A suitable risk assessment and safe system of work (SSOW) for hot work near unprotected edges on a high-rise building should treat the job as a combined high-risk activity: hot work, work at height, falling-object exposure, and emergency rescue. The assessment should be site-specific and completed before work starts, then reviewed immediately before and during the task as conditions change. It should identify edge exposure, leading-edge conditions, lower-level exposure, combustibles, hidden voids, wind, access/egress, dropped-object paths, and rescue constraints. A written fall protection plan should be prepared for the site, covering the hazards, selected controls, equipment, inspection, use, dismantling, and rescue arrangements. [2] [1] [13]

Key hazards to assess and control:

  • Falls from unprotected sides, edges, openings, balconies, decks, or leading edges to a lower level
  • Swing-fall and inadequate anchorage risk when using personal fall arrest near an edge
  • Fire or explosion from sparks, slag, hot metal, radiant heat, or smoldering debris contacting combustibles, flammable liquids, gases, ducts, voids, or lower levels
  • Falling tools, welding rods, cut-off pieces, and debris striking workers or the public below
  • Scaffold or MEWP instability, overloading, poor ground/support conditions, weather exposure, or unsafe access
  • Fume, radiation, heat, and electrical hazards associated with welding/cutting operations
  • Delayed rescue after a fall, including suspension trauma and difficulty retrieving an injured worker

[6] [7] [11] For permit-to-work, use both a hot work permit and a work-at-height / fall protection plan before starting. The hot work permit should confirm the exact location, task, time window, competent authorization, fire watch, fire extinguishers, combustible control, protection of openings and lower levels, equipment condition, and post-work fire watch. The fall protection plan should identify all edge and overhead hazards, the protection method to be used, procedures for assembly/inspection/use, tool and material securing, and prompt rescue arrangements. Work should not begin until both permits/plans are active and the area has been inspected. [10] [15] [13]

Safe system of work controls for the hot work area:

  • Avoid hot work if a safer method can be used, such as off-site fabrication or cold cutting
  • Establish an exclusion zone at the edge and below the workface; prevent unauthorized access to drop zones and public areas
  • Inspect the area thoroughly before work starts, including walls, floors, ceilings, service penetrations, ducts, façade cavities, and lower levels
  • Remove combustible and flammable materials from the area; if they cannot be removed, protect them with fire-resistant blankets or shields
  • Protect holes, openings, cracks, and gaps so sparks and hot debris cannot travel to lower floors or concealed spaces
  • Provide suitable extinguishers immediately available at the point of work and ensure workers know alarm and fire notification procedures
  • Assign a dedicated fire watch who performs no other task during hot work and remains after completion for the required monitoring period
  • Stop work in high winds, poor weather, unsafe lighting, changing site conditions, or if rescue/fire controls are no longer effective

[12] [12] [10] [15] For fall protection, use the hierarchy of controls: first install guardrails, barriers, covers, or control zones where practicable; where workers can still reach an unprotected edge, use a travel restraint system to prevent them from going over the edge; if restraint is not practicable, use a properly designed personal fall arrest system (PFAS) with a full-body harness, suitable anchorage, and compatible connecting components. Anchor locations must be planned before work begins, evaluated for strength, stability, and rescue suitability, and arranged to minimize free-fall and swing-fall. Body belts must not be used for fall arrest. [2] [14] [16] [4] [16]

Scaffolding or MEWP safety:

  • Use scaffolds or MEWPs only where suitable for the task, load, reach, and rescue method
  • Scaffolds must be erected on stable support, fully planked where required, tied/braced as needed, and inspected by a competent person before each shift
  • Provide guardrails, midrails, and toe boards on scaffolds where required; use PFAS where guardrails alone are not sufficient or where required by the equipment/system
  • Barricade the area below scaffolds or MEWP work to control falling-object exposure
  • Do not use scaffolds or MEWPs in high winds, storms, icy conditions, or other adverse weather that could affect stability or safe welding operations
  • For MEWPs, ensure operators are trained, use manufacturer-approved anchor points if tie-off is required, keep within rated capacity, and maintain safe clearance from power lines and structures

[11] [11] [11] [11] PPE for this work should be task-specific and based on the hazard assessment:

  • Full-body harness and compatible fall protection equipment where required
  • Protective helmet / hard hat with chin retention where appropriate for height work and falling-object exposure
  • Welding helmet with correct filter lens, plus safety glasses with side shields underneath
  • Face protection as needed for grinding, cutting, or hot metal exposure
  • Fire-resistant clothing, long sleeves, long pants without cuffs, and welding leathers/aprons/sleeves as needed
  • Suitable gloves for welding/cutting and handling hot materials
  • Safety footwear with good grip and protection against hot work and dropped objects
  • Hearing protection for overhead or noisy work
  • Respiratory protection where fumes cannot be adequately controlled by ventilation and assessment

[10] [10] [10] [3] [1] A rescue plan is essential and must be specific to the edge location, access route, and fall protection system in use. It should state how rescue will be initiated, who is authorized to lead it, what equipment is immediately available, and how the casualty will be reached and recovered quickly. The plan should cover self-rescue where feasible, assisted rescue using ladder/MEWP/lifeline retrieval or rope-based methods as appropriate, first aid, medical treatment, and transport to hospital. Rescue equipment must be inspected, maintained, and available at the point of work. Reassess the rescue plan immediately before work begins to confirm it still matches site conditions. [1] [1] [4] [4]

For falling-object control, secure all tools, leads, hoses, cylinders, and materials; keep platforms tidy; use toe boards, debris nets, screens, or covered chutes where needed; and barricade the area below and adjacent to the work. Never allow hot cut-offs, rods, or slag to fall freely from height. Where public interfaces exist, use physical exclusion, signage, and, if necessary, temporary covered walkways or road/pedestrian controls. Good housekeeping is also critical because debris can both fall and fuel a fire. [13] [11] [7]

In terms of regulatory compliance, the work should comply with applicable construction safety legislation and standards governing fall protection systems, leading-edge work, PPE, worker training, equipment inspection/maintenance, rescue, and hot work controls. The cited materials indicate requirements for fall protection systems, fall protection plans, worker training, leading-edge systems, PPE duty to use, inspection and maintenance, and rescue personnel/procedures. In practice, compliance means using a competent person to prepare and supervise the plan, training workers in both hot work and fall protection, inspecting equipment before use, removing defective equipment from service, and enforcing the permit-to-work system. [5] [9] [8]

Practical minimum SSOW sequence:

  1. Complete a site-specific risk assessment covering edge exposure, hot work, falling objects, access, weather, and rescue.
  2. Issue and brief the hot work permit and fall protection/work-at-height plan.
  3. Inspect scaffold/MEWP, PFAS, anchors, welding equipment, extinguishers, and rescue kit; remove defective equipment from service.
  4. Establish guardrails/restraint/arrest systems, exclusion zones below, and dropped-object controls.
  5. Remove or protect combustibles, seal openings and voids, and position extinguishers.
  6. Assign a dedicated fire watch and confirm communication and emergency arrangements.
  7. Carry out the work under supervision, stopping immediately if conditions change.
  8. Maintain post-work fire watch and inspect the area, including lower levels and concealed spaces, before closing the permit.

[4] [12] [15]

16 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## How are hazards identified and risks assessed for a rescue at heights? (cont.) Before starting a task involving working at heights, all workers (including rescuers) should immediately report any concerns to the supervisor. If conditions or factors are a risk to workers or may impact a rescue, this concern needs to be addressed before the work begins. If rescuers have any concerns with their training or the rescue plan, they also need to report this to their supervisor so it can be addressed. Equipment used by workers and rescuers must be properly inspected and maintained, including before use. Any defective equipment must be replaced. Once all the hazards are identified and the risks are assessed, appropriate control measures need to be taken. The hierarchy of controls should be considered. It is important to continuously review and improve control measures to ensure their effectiveness. ## What methods and equipment can be used in a working at heights rescue? The rescue techniques and equipment must be specific for the working at heights task, including the hazards, where and how the rescue may occur, and other factors. When determining the appropriate rescue procedures, consult with experts on rescue at heights and ensure all rescuers have thorough training and experience with the selected methods. You can also reach out to your local fire department for guidance. Methods may include self-rescue, ladder rescue, elevating work platform rescue, using the lifeline to retrieve the worker, rescuers rappelling down to retrieve the worker, pulling a worker from an area below, using emergency equipment to reach the worker such as a crane basket or rope rescue. Methods must be suitable for the location. For example, planning on using a mechanical lift may not be appropriate when working where the ground is uneven (such as a forest) or where other materials may obstruct access to the worker's location. A

[2] Scaffolding Safety

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WORK SAFE KENTUCKY Free safety resources provided by KEMI HOME SAFETY RESOURCES SAFETY TRAINING SAFETY BLOG ABOUT KEMI CONTACT US O # Scaffolding Safety ## Print a Sign-In Sheet | Spanish Version Most of the construction projects in the United States have some sort of scaffolding on the jobsite at some point during the various phases of construction. There are three main types of scaffolds: suspension, supported, and aerial lifts. The federal Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that scaffold accidents result in 4,500 injuries and over 60 deaths each year. Common hazards working off scaffolding include falls, falling objects, electrical hazards, scaffold collapse, scaffold access, bad planking, and weather conditions. of • Always use scaffolding according to the manufacturer's instructions. • If a worker is working 10 feet or higher off scaffolding, then the worker must be protected by guardrails or a personal fall arrest system (PFAS). • Guardrails must be installed along all sides and ends to protect from fall hazards. Top rails must be between 38 to 45 inches high, midrails should be halfway between the platform and top rail, and toe boards must be at least 3 1/2" high. • PFAS must include an anchorage point, lifeline, and full-body harness. A PFAS can be used instead of guardrails on some scaffolds. A PFAS and guardrails must be used on all suspension scaffolds. Scaffold erectors and dismantlers use a PFAS when feasible. • Wear hard hat, utilize the toeboard, and barricade the area beneath a scaffold to help with falling object hazards. • Barricade an area around a scaffold to keep equipment and vehicles from running into and striking the scaffold. • Working near overhead powerlines is a serious electrical hazard when working off the scaffolding. Stay back at least 10 feet or check the clearance distances in the standard. Contact Us | Privacy Policy ©2022 KEMI • Scaffolding must be on good support with mudsills and base plates. Be sure to use a

[3] Welding - Hot Work

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CCOHS CCHST Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail Welding # Welding - Hot Work ## On this page What is hot work? What is a hot work management program? Can hot work be avoided? Before performing hot work, what are some general good practices? ## What is hot work? Working with ignition sources near flammable materials is referred to as "hot work." Welding, soldering, and cutting are examples of hot work. Fires are often the result of the "quick five- minute" job in areas not intended for welding or cutting. Getting a hot work permit before performing hot work is just one of the steps involved in a hot work management program that helps to reduce the risk of starting a fire by hot work in areas where there are flammable or combustible materials. The 2024version of NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) Standard 51B "Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting and Other Hot Work," serves as the basis for many current fire prevention practices adopted by industry. CSA standard W117.2-12 (R2017) - Safety in welding, cutting, and allied processes and ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard Z49.1: 2021Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes were created to protect persons and property from injury, illness, and damage from fire and explosions that may occur from these processes. ## What is a hot work management program? Hot work management programs are put in place to control or eliminate hot work hazards and their risks. Programs include the development of policies, procedures, and the assignment of responsibilities and accountabilities for all aspects of hot work. A program includes: 1. Policies a. Where hot work is permitted b. When hot work is permitted Welding - Hot Work CCOHS

[4] Occupational Health and Safety Code (Alberta Regulation 191/2021)

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# OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE Index contents, 827(3) currency, 827(4) inspection of, 827(4) requirement, 827(1) signatures, 827(2) personal protective equipment (PPE) alternative equipment, 805-806 maintenance, 811(b) removal from service, 820 rescue if failure of, 821-822 safe work practices, 825 self rescue, 822 training, 811(b), 811(d), 822 removal from service, 820 ropes cow's tail, 819 high stretch or dynamic ropes, 816, 818 low stretch or static ropes, 816-817 safe work plan availability, 810 competent person to prepare plan, 2.2 conditions for, 808 specifications, 809 safe work practices hazard assessment, 811(a) personal protective equipment, 811(b), 811(d) rescue procedures, 811(d) training, 811(b) work positioning and fall protection systems, 811(c) safety, secondary, belay, or backup lines, 830 specifications removal from service, 820 standards ascenders, 837 back-up devices, 838 carabiners, 836 connecting components, 835 cow's tail, 819 full body harness, 142(1), 834 head protection, 831 high stretch or dynamic ropes, 818, 819(1) low stretch or static ropes, 817 safe work practices, 823-824 worker competency, 826 trained workers present, requirement, 825 training of workers, 811-812, 822, 826 worker's personal logbook, 827 See also full body harness; personal fall arrest system (PFAS) rope access work, industrial, 828-829 rope access work, non-industrial (mountaineering, caving, canyoning, sport climbing), 840-849 defined, 1 anchorage strength, 843 Director safe work practices, approval, 840 fall factor, 842 head protection, 844-846 standards connecting components, 849 full body harness, 848 head protection, 844-846 sit harness, 795(1)(b), 847 worker competency, 841 training of workers, 841 See also rope access work rope adjustment device for work positioning, 148.1 See also personal fall arrest system (PFAS) ropes boatswain's chairs, 351(3)-(4) in horizontal lifeline systems, 153-153.1 in needle-beam scaffolds, 337(3)-(4) on sawmill log carri

[5] Fall Protection Work Plan

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Washington State Department of Labor & Industries Division of Occupational Safety and Health # Fall Protection Work Plan WAC 296-880-[redacted postal code]: You must develop and implement a written fall protection work plan including each area of the work place where the employees are assigned and where fall hazards of 10 feet or more exist and be available on the job site for inspection by the department. Company Name Date Company Name:<empty> Date:<empty> Site Address:<empty> (If additional space is needed, use the back of the sheet.) Identify all fall hazards 10 feet or more above the ground or lower level. Check all that apply. [ ] Open-sided floors [ ] Openings [ ] Leading edge work [ ] Decks/Balconies [ ] Roof [ ] Mobile lift work [ ] Hole [ ] Skylights Methods of fall protection to be used: (LSO = Low Slopes Only. Low Slope = 4 x 12 or less) [ ] Personal fall arrest system [ ] Safety watch system (LSO) [ ] Warning line system (LSO) [ ] Catch platform [ ] Positioning device system [ ] Safety net [ ] Covers [ ] Horizontal life lines [ ] Vertical life lines & rope grab [ ] Personal fall restraint system [ ] Warning line with safety monitor (LSO) Name of safety watch or monitor (if used):<empty> Overhead Hazard Protection Methods [ ] Hard Hats [ ] Toe boards on guardrails [ ] Other:<empty> [ ] Overhead Hazard Signs [ ] Screens on guardrails [ ] Other:<empty> [ ] Debris Nets [ ] Barricade to control access to area Describe procedures for assembly, maintenance, inspection, disassembly of fall protection system to be used.:<empty> Describe procedures for handling, storage, and securing tools, equipment, and materials.:<empty> Describe methods of overhead protection for workers who may be in, or pass through work area.:<empty> Describe method for prompt rescue of employees in the event of a fall.:<empty> Employees who received fall protection training on the above site specific fall protection work plan. Name(s):<empty> Date:<empty> <empty> <empty> <e

[6] Program Directive: Walking-Working Surfaces and Personal Protective Equipment (Fall Protection Systems), Final Rule; and Other Related Provisions

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# Walking-Working Surfaces and Personal Protective Equipment (Fall Protection Systems), Final Rule; and Other Related Provisions (cont.) ## Subpart D-Walking-Working Surfaces (cont.) [redacted postal code] Federal Register/Vol. 81, No. 223/Friday, November 18, 2016/Rules and Regulations. Low-slope roof means a roof that has a slope less than or equal to a ratio of 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal). Lower level means a surface or area to which an employee could fall. Such surfaces or areas include, but are not limited to, ground levels, floors, roofs, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, materials, water, equipment, and similar surfaces and structures, or portions thereof. Manhole steps means steps that are individually attached to, or set into, the wall of a manhole structure. Maximum intended load means the total load (weight and force) of all employees, equipment, vehicles, tools, materials, and other loads the employer reasonably anticipates to be applied to a walking-working surface at any one time. Mobile means manually propelled or moveable. Mobile ladder stand (ladder stand) means a mobile, fixed-height, self- supporting ladder that usually consists of wheels or casters on a rigid base and steps leading to a top step. A mobile ladder stand also may have handrails and is designed for use by one employee at a time. ta Mobile ladder stand platform means a mobile, fixed-height, self-supporting unit having one or more standing platforms that are provided with means of access or egress. Open riser means the gap or space between treads of stairways that do not have upright or inclined members (risers). Opening means a gap or open space in a wall, partition, vertical walking- working surface, or similar surface that is at least 30 inches (76 cm) high and at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, through which an employee can fall to a lower level. Personal fall arrest system means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a walking-working surface. I

[7] Torch and Welding Hot Work Permit

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Part 1 of 2 Issue Date Permit # # Welding and Torch Cutting Permit <table><tr><th>Building/Area:</th><th></th><th>Date:</th></tr><tr><td>Department:</td><td></td><td>Floor/Level</td></tr><tr><td>Description of</td><td>Work to be done:</td><td></td></tr></table> Description of Work to be done: <table><tr><th>Time Started:</th><th>Time Complete:</th></tr><tr><td>Employee to be doing "Hot Work":</td><td>Fire Watch Employee:</td></tr></table> ## Cutting and Welding Safety Checklist - Hot Work permit posted on site. (1 Copy) - Equipment and hoses free from damage and leaks. Cylinders supported. - Work area clear of all combustibles within a radius of 35'. Cover holes and openings with fire retardant materials. - Conveyors and suction systems in the area must be shut down. - Area wet down except when arc welding. - Lower areas wet down thoroughly. ## During Cutting and Welding - Fire Watch has fire fighting equipment and is train on its use. - Fire watch knows fire notification procedures. ## After Cutting and Welding - Area wet down thoroughly. - Equipment stored properly. - Fire watch is posted on site for 30 minutes after cutting and welding is done. -1-

[8] Fall Protection - Fall Protection Plan (General)

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# Fall Protection - Fall Protection Plan (General) (cont.) ## What is working at heights? (cont.) - elevated work platforms, - fixed suspended work platforms, - swing staging, - boatswain's chairs, - aerial devices, - suspended equipment, or - personnel carrying equipment (e.g., personnel lifting units raised by cranes or hoists) Occupational health and safety laws generally require action when a worker has the potential to fall about 3 metres (10 feet). Check with your jurisdiction as exact requirements do vary. Note that most jurisdictions require the use of specific fall protection measures before, or in addition to, personal protective equipment (PPE). These measures generally include the use of some of the following: - fixed barriers (e.g., handrails, guardrails) - surface opening protection (e.g., covers, guardrails, etc.) - warning barriers or control zones - fall or travel restraint systems (i.e., a system to prevent a worker from falling from a work position, or from travelling to an unguarded edge from which the worker could fall) - fall containment system (e.g., safety nets) - fall arrest systems (ie., a system that will stop a worker's fall before the worker hits the surface below) There may also be specific legal requirements around use of equipment like ladders and scaffolding. ## What are fall protection plans and why are they important? A fall protection plan is a general term for the policy and procedures used to identify fall hazards, and the measures taken to prevent injury. Included in this plan is selecting, assembling, maintaining, inspecting, using, and dismantling equipment such as ladders, scaffolds, or platforms used for working at heights as well as any fall protection equipment. Emergency procedures for rescuing fallen workers (including those who are hanging in midair by their harness) are also needed. Fall protection plans must be specific to each site where workers are at heights. There is "no one size fits all" plan.

[9] PFAS Safety: Personal Fall Arrest Systems for Residential Construction Contractors

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# Keep Your Workers Safe Any Fall Can Be Fatal or Debilitating! (cont.) ## The ABC's of PFAS A PFAS must meet specific requirements. Some of these are described below. *** ## A - Anchor Point The anchor point (tie-off point) is a secure point of attachment for the fall arrest system's lanyard or lifeline. • Anchor point locations should be planned out before work begins. • The anchor point should be attached to a substantial structural member, such as a beam, girder, roof truss or rafter. • The anchor point must support either 5,000 pounds per worker (the weight of two small cars) or twice the intended load. • When installing anchor points, follow the manufacturer's instructions. A Never use a pipe or vent as an anchor point. Never use sheetrock screws to install an anchor point. ## B - Body Harness A full-body harness is required for a PFAS. The body harness distributes the force of a fall to reduce the chance of bodily injury. It includes shoulder and thigh straps, and a D-ring. A Body belts should never be part of a PFAS. A Make sure that D-rings are larger than the snap hook. Note: The connecting D-ring in a properly fitted harness should be located in the center of the upper back. Locking snap hook Harness Rope D-ring grab Lanyard with shock absorber Lifeline Not all PFAS components are interchangeable. ## C - Connecting Device A retractable lifeline or shock-absorbing lanyard and its connectors are used to link a full-body harness to the anchor system. Never hook lanyards together unless manufacturer approved. ! Shock-absorbing lanyards and retractable lifelines are rarely compatible-do not connect. Different types of connectors include carabiners, snap hooks, D-rings, and rope grabs. Connectors must have a minimum tensile strength of 5,000 pounds. ## D - Descent & Rescue You must have a plan for rescuing a worker whose fall has been arrested. • The plan should be designed to raise or lower a worker to safety without any p

[10] Welding - Hot Work

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# Before performing hot work, what are some general good practices? Make sure you are following your hot work procedure. Also, consider the following items: - Make sure that all equipment is in good operating order before work starts. - Make sure that all appropriate personal protective devices are available at the site and each worker has been trained on how to use, clean, and store them properly. - Inspect the work area thoroughly before starting. Look for combustible materials in structures (partitions, walls, ceilings). - Move all flammable and combustible materials away from the work area. - If combustibles cannot be moved, cover them with fire-resistant blankets or shields. Protect gas lines and equipment from falling sparks, hot materials, and objects. - Make sure that all available fire suppression systems are in good repair and operable (e.g., sprinklers, hoses, extinguishers, etc.) - Make sure that appropriate fire extinguishers (e.g., ABC fire extinguishers) are available and easily accessible. - Sweep clean any combustible materials on floors around the work zone. Combustible floors must be kept wet with water or covered with fire-resistant blankets or damp sand. Use water ONLY if electrical circuits have been de-energized to prevent electrical shock. - Remove any spilled grease, oil, or other combustible liquid. - Vacuum away combustible debris from inside ventilation or other service duct openings to prevent ignition. Seal any cracks in ducts. Prevent sparks from entering into the duct work. Cover duct openings with a fire resistant barrier and inspect the ducts after work has concluded. - Make sure that the first-aid boxes are available and easily accessible. - Block off cracks between floorboards, along baseboards and walls, and under door openings, with a fire resistant material. Close doors and windows. - Cover wall or ceiling surfaces with a fire resistant and heat insulating material to prevent ignition and accumulation of h

[11] Toolbox Talk: Welding

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# WELDING (cont.) ## WHEN DO I NEED TO USE A HOT WORK PERMIT? A Hot Work Permit is required for any temporary operation involving open flames or producing heat and sparks, which could ignite nearby items unless they are protected or the work is completed in a designated area. This includes, but is not limited to, welding, burning, cutting, brazing, grinding, and soldering. The Hot Work Permit is a formal process to ensure that potential safety issues are addressed in the area where you will be doing the work and that someone else agrees it is safe to do it. ## PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR HOT WORK Welding and cutting can produce hazards such as sparks, spatter, radiation (infrared, ultraviolet, and blue light), slag, heat, hot metal, fumes and gases, and even electric shock. Since these hazards may cause burns, injury, or death, it is essential always to wear proper PPE. ## EYE AND FACE PROTECTION • Wear a helmet with a filter lens and cover plate that complies with ANSI Z87.1 for protection from radiant energy, flying sparks, and spatter. • Helmets and hand shields must protect the face, forehead, neck, and ears to a vertical line in the back of the ears from the direct radiant energy from the arc and direct weld spatter. • Helmets shall be made of material that complies with ANSI Z49.1. • Filter lenses and cover plates must meet the tests prescribed in ANSI Z87.1. • Wear approved safety glasses with side shields (or goggles) under your helmet. • The safety glasses with side shields (or goggles) protect against flying metal, slag chips, grinding fragments, wire wheel bristles, and similar hazards, which can ricochet under the helmet. Choose a filter lens shade according to the Lens Shade Selector Chart in ANSI Z49.1 ## HEAD AND EAR PROTECTION • Wear a fire-resistant welder's cap or head covering under your helmet. It will protect your head from flying sparks, spatter, and burns. • When working overhead, wear approved earplugs or muffs. They preven

[12] Occupational Health and Safety Code (Alberta Regulation 191/2021)

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# OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE Index <table><tr><th></th><th></th></tr><tr><td>See also asbestos; coal dust; lead and lead</td><td>body belt, 1</td></tr><tr><td>compounds; restricted areas; silica (respirable</td><td>control zone, 1</td></tr><tr><td>crystalline silica)</td><td>fall arresting device, 1</td></tr><tr><td>exposure limits, occupational (OEL) See occupational</td><td>fall protection system, 1</td></tr><tr><td>exposure limit (OEL)</td><td>fall restrict system, 1</td></tr><tr><td>extinguishers, fire See fire extinguishers</td><td>leading edge, 1</td></tr><tr><td>extraction of oil, gas or geothermal energy</td><td>swing drop distance, 1</td></tr><tr><td>application of Code, 750</td><td>certification</td></tr><tr><td>See also oil, gas and geothermal energy</td><td>horizontal lifeline system, 153-153.1</td></tr><tr><td>Eye and face protectors (CSA), 229</td><td>control zone, 161</td></tr><tr><td>eye protection, 229-231</td><td>duty to use, 139</td></tr><tr><td>contact lenses, 230</td><td>equipment</td></tr><tr><td>duty to use, 228, 229(2)</td><td>compatibility, 150</td></tr><tr><td>electric arc welding, 231</td><td>inspection and maintenance, 150.1</td></tr><tr><td>eye wash equipment, 24</td><td>removal from service, 150.2</td></tr><tr><td>face piece respirators, 229(3), 250</td><td>fall protection plans, 140-141</td></tr><tr><td>full face piece respiratory protection, 229(3)</td><td>competent person to prepare plans, 2.2</td></tr><tr><td>prescription eyewear, 229(2)-(2.3)</td><td>contents of plan, 140(2)</td></tr><tr><td>respiratory protection equipment, 229</td><td>when needed, 140(1)</td></tr><tr><td>standards, 229</td><td>when to prepare, 140(3)-(4)</td></tr><tr><td>See also personal protective equipment (PPE)</td><td>worker training, 141</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>horizontal lifeline systems, 153-153.1</td></tr><tr><td>face protection See eye protection; respiratory</td><td>leading edge fall protection systems, 158</td></tr><tr><td>protective equi

[13] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## What should be included in a working at heights rescue plan? (cont.) Other key considerations include determining how a rescue will be initiated and making sure the appropriate equipment is available and maintained. The ability to respond very quickly and retrieve the worker is essential. Plan for situations where the worker is injured, including procedures for first-aid, medical treatment, and getting the injured worker to the hospital. The quickest route to the hospital should be determined. In locations far from a hospital, additional measures may be needed to make sure a worker can receive appropriate medical attention, as required. Immediately before work begins, another assessment should be done to ensure that the rescue plan is still appropriate and that no additional hazards or factors have been overlooked. Check and follow any legislative requirements regarding rescue at heights in your jurisdiction. ## What personal protective equipment (PPE) do rescuers need to use? The required personal protective equipment will depend on the hazards and risks present and should be specified in the fall rescue plan. Common personal protective equipment includes fall protection equipment, head protection, eye protection, high-visibility apparel, gloves, safety footwear, and other equipment. A first-aid kit and rescue equipment and accessories will also be required. ## How are hazards identified and risks assessed for a rescue at heights? Developing a systematic and comprehensive method for identifying hazards and assessing risk is essential. Risk assessments should be done well in advance and again immediately before and during the work as conditions can change. The team responsible for developing the rescue plan needs to identify all hazards that may cause harm to workers during the work and a potential rescue. Hazards may include: - sources that may damage equipment or infrastructure, such as the pr

[14] Toolbox Talk: Fire Safety

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# FIRE SAFETY Date Posted: 05/31/2024 On average, between 2016 and 2020, firefighters responded to more than 11 fires a day at buildings under construction in the U.S. Those fires led to an annual average of five civilian deaths, 62 civilian injuries, and over $376 million in direct property damages. Construction site fires create a significant risk of property damage, personal injury, and even death. Structures with wood framing are particularly susceptible to fires. Although steel-frame buildings are just as vulnerable to fire risk, wood-framed facilities are more likely to collapse when on fire. Construction site fires often happen before sprinkler systems and alarms have been installed so that fires can spread with little warning. Since there are reserves of combustible materials, a stray spark or smoldering debris can lead to a large disaster. ## HOW DO FIRES START? Fire is a chemical reaction that requires three elements to be present for the reaction to take place and continue. The three elements are: • Heat or an ignition source • Fuel Oxygen These three elements are typically referred to as the "fire triangle." Fire results from the chemical reaction between the fuel and oxygen in the air. Heat, fuel, and oxygen must combine precisely for a fire start and continue to burn. If one element of the fire triangle is not present or removed, fire will not start or, if already burning, will extinguish. Ignition sources can include any material, equipment, or operation that emits a spark or flame, including apparent items, such as torches, and less obvious items, such as static electricity and grinding operations. to ## COMMON SOURCES OF CONSTRUCTION FIRES Hot work: Hot work operations pose a significant risk because they can introduce ignition sources into many worksite areas. Even several hours after welding, soldering, grinding, or other hot work has been completed, a spark can smolder and ignite combustibles, sometimes after crews have left for the

[15] An Introduction to Personal Fall Protection Equipment

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# Contents (cont.) ## Fall restraint or fall arrest? Fall restraint systems prevent you from falling. Examples include: • Work-positioning systems using either safety belts or full body harnesses that attach you to an anchor and leave both your hands free to work • Travel-restriction systems of guardrails or personal fall protection equipment used to prevent you from travelling to an edge from where you may fall Fall arrest systems protect you after you fall by stopping the fall before you hit the surface below. Examples include: • Full body harnesses connected by lanyards or lifelines to secure anchors • Safety nets In choosing a fall protection system, you should first consider installing guardrails or barriers. They provide a high degree of protection once installed properly. However, installing guardrails or barriers at a work site is not always practical- that is when you may need personal fall protection equipment. ## Written fall protection plan A written fall protection plan is required prior to using a personal fall protection system for work with a potential fall hazard of 7.5 m (25 ft.) or more. The written plan should identify: • Potential fall hazards on the job • Types of fall protection systems to be used • Instructions to workers on how to safely use the equipment, and • Instructions on how to rescue a worker who has fallen and can't initiate self-rescue ## Safety belts ## When to use a safety belt You must never wear a safety belt in a fall arrest situation. If you fall into a safety belt, you could still suffer severe back and abdominal injuries. Restrict the use of safety belts to fall restraint systems only. If there's a chance you could fall, install guardrails or wear a full body harness in a properly configured personal fall protection system. ## Inspecting your safety belt Inspect your belt before each use. Check the buckle, the webbing, the D-rings, and the manufacturer's label for additional user information. If the

[16] Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guide

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# Hazard Assessment For PPE (cont.) ## Instructions: (cont.) Option 1 # PPE Hazard Assessment Certification Form *Name of work place: <empty> *Work place address: <empty> *Required for certifying the hazard assessment. Work area(s): <empty> *Assessment conducted by: <empty> *Date of assessment: <empty> Job/Task(s): <empty> Use a separate sheet for each job/task or work area *Required for certifying the hazard assessment. Use a separate sheet for each job/task or work area EYES: Work activities, such as: [ ] abrasive blasting [ ] sanding [ ] chopping [ ] sawing [ ] cutting [ ] grinding [ ] drilling [ ] hammering [ ] welding [ ] punch press operations [ ] other: <empty> Work-related exposure to: [ ] airborne dust [ ] flying particles [ ] blood splashes [ ] hazardous liquid chemicals [ ] intense light [ ] other: <empty> Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes [ ] No [ ] If no, use: [ ] Safety glasses [ ] Side shields [ ] Safety goggles [ ] Dust-tight goggles [ ] Shading/Filter (#<empty>) [ ] Welding shield [ ] Other: <empty> FACE: Work activities, such as: [ ] cleaning [ ] foundry work [ ] welding [ ] siphoning [ ] mixing [ ] painting [ ] pouring molten metal [ ] dip tank operations [ ] other: <empty> Work-related exposure to: [ ] hazardous liquid chemicals [ ] extreme heat/cold [ ] potential irritants: <empty> [ ] other: <empty> Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes [ ] No [ ] If no, use: [ ] Face shield [ ] Shading/Filter (#<empty>) [ ] Welding shield [ ] Other: <empty> HEAD: Work activities, such as: [ ] building maintenance [ ] confined space operations [ ] construction [ ] electrical wiring [ ] walking/walking under catwalks [ ] walking/workng under conveyor belts [ ] walking/workng under crane loads [ ] utility work [ ] other: <empty> Work-related exposure to: [ ] beams [ ] pipes [ ] exposed electrical wiring or components [ ] falling objects [ ] machine parts [ ] other: <empty> Can hazard be eliminated without the us

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