Aluminum smelter

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# Administrative controls Good work practices include the following: ## Proper maintenance of equipment - Reduce the amount of contaminants in the MWFs, such as hydraulic oils and other "tramp" oils, by keeping equipment in good working order. - Make sure that all systems (ventilation, guarding, etc.) are maintained properly. ## Appropriate level of personal hygiene - Stress the importance of personal hygiene. To maintain clean skin, be sure to wash with gentle soaps, use clean water and towels and wear clean work clothes (those that are not soaked in fluids). - To prevent unintentional ingestion, do not eat or drink in the work area, and always wash your hands before eating, drinking or smoking. Observe good hygiene - wash your hands regularly. - Barrier creams developed for specific hazards may offer a level of protection, but they should not be substituted for good personal hygiene and chemical protective gloves. The effectiveness of barrier creams has not been well documented. Some barrier creams can actually make some skin conditions worse so they should only be applied to normal, healthy skin (that is, no cuts, rashes, scratches, etc.). ## Good housekeeping - Maintain good housekeeping. Keep floors, equipment and the general work environment clean. Use appropriate cleaning agents, work practices, and protective clothing. All workers should be trained in how to clean MWFs properly. - Spills should be cleaned immediately. Wastes, including floor wash water, should not be dumped or swept into the MWF sumps or coolant return trenches. Solvent-soaked rags should be deposited in airtight metal containers. - All machines should be cleaned, and MWF changed periodically. When changing the MWF, thoroughly clean the entire system to remove bacterial deposits. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Metalworking Fluids CCOHS

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# Occupational Safety and Health Administration (cont.) (4) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from hazards. (5) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment available on site. (6) Safe decontamination procedures established to minimize employee contact with hazardous substances, including: (A) Employee decontamination, (B) Clothing decontamination, and (C) Equipment decontamination. (7) Elements of the site emergency response plan, including: (A) Pre-emergency planning. (B) Personnel roles and lines of authority and communication. (C) Emergency recognition and prevention. (D) Safe distances and places of refuge. (E) Site security and control. (F) Evacuation routes and procedures. (G) Decontamination procedures not covered by the site safety and health plan. (H) Emergency medical treatment and first aid. (I) Emergency equipment and procedures for handling emergency incidents. C. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees information and training on personal protective equipment used at the site, such as the following: (1) PPE to be used based upon known or anticipated site hazards. (2) PPE limitations of materials and construction; limitations during temperature extremes, heat stress, and other appropriate medical considerations; use and limitations of respirator equipment as well as documentation procedures as outlined in 29 CFR 1910.134. (3) PPE inspection procedures prior to, during, and after use. (4) PPE donning and doffing procedures. (5) PPE decontamination and disposal procedures. (6) PPE maintenance and storage.

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# Enclosure and Isolation (cont.) ## What should I know about personal protective equipment (PPE) as a hazard control method? (cont.) - Skin protection (e.g., coveralls, aprons, full body suits) - Gloves - Eye protection (e.g., face shield, goggles) - Foot protection - Hearing protective devices (e.g., ear plugs, ear muffs) The choice of what type of PPE is required must be based on the specific hazard found at the workplace. No matter which type of PPE is used, it is essential to have a complete PPE program in place. For more information about PPE programs, please see the following document Designing an Effective PPE Program. ## Can more than one control method be used or followed? Yes. Sometimes a hazard cannot be controlled using a single type of control method. If a hazard cannot be eliminated, a combination of controls may be required. For example: - Using a scissor lift instead of a ladder (substitution). Workers should be trained on the safe use of the equipment and follow safe work procedures (administrative controls). When working at heights, workers should also use PPE, including a full body harness and lanyard attached to an anchor point, there is a risk of injury from falling. - Driving in the winter for work. Controls may include not driving during extreme winter weather (elimination), determining if there are any other options for driving, such as public transit (substation), use of winter tires (engineering), and driver training (administrative). ## Should the adequacy of controls be reviewed or evaluated? Yes. It is important to determine the effectiveness of the control methods implemented and adjust as required. Controls must not create new hazards. For example, if wearing PPE contributes to other hazards (e.g., heat stress), then it is important to review if other control methods are possible or if additional precautions are needed. Monitor both the hazard and the control method to make sure that the control is working effectively…

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# APPENDIX A CONTROL STRATEGIES TO MINIMIZE BERYLLIUM EXPOSURE NON-MANDATORY (cont.) TABLE A.1-EXPOSURE CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS <table><tr><th>Operation</th><th>Minimal control strategy *</th><th>Application group</th></tr><tr><td>Furnace Operations (e.g., Melting and Casting).</td><td>1. Use LEV on furnaces, pelletizer; arc furnace ingot machine discharge; pellet sampling; arc furnace bins and conveyors; beryllium hydroxide drum dumper and dryer; furnace rebuilding; furnace tool holders; arc furnace tundish and tundish skimming, tundish preheat hood, and tundish cleaning hoods; dross handling equipment and drums; dross recycling; and tool repair station, charge make-up station, oxide screener, product sampling locations, drum changing stations, and drum cleaning stations 2. Use mechanical ventilation (make-up air) in furnace building</td><td>Primary Beryllium Production; Beryllium Oxide Ceramics and Composites; Nonferrous Foundries; Secondary Smelting.</td></tr><tr><td>Machining</td><td>Use 1. LEV consistent with ACGIH® ventilation guidelines on deburring hoods, wet surface grinder enclosures, belt sanding hoods, and electrical discharge machines (for operations such as polishing, lapping, and buffing); 2. high velocity low volume hoods or ventilated enclosures on lathes, vertical mills, CNC mills, and tool grinding operations; 3. for beryllium oxide ceramics, LEV on lapping, dicing, and laser cutting; and 4. wet methods (e.g., coolants).</td><td>Primary Beryllium Production; Beryllium Oxide Ceramics and Composites; Copper Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; Precision Turned Products.</td></tr><tr><td>Mechanical Processing (e.g., material handling (including scrap), sorting, crushing, screening, pulverizing, shredding, pouring, mixing, blending).</td><td>1. Enclose and ventilate sources of emission; 2. Prohibit open handling of materials; and 3. Use mechanical ventilation (make-up air) in processing areas</td><td>Primary Beryllium Production; Beryllium Oxide Ceramic…

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# Enclosure and Isolation (cont.) ## Good Housekeeping (cont.) Being prepared for emergencies means making sure that the necessary equipment and supplies are readily available and that employees know what to do when something unplanned happens such as a release, spill, fire, or injury. These procedures should be written and employees should have the opportunity to practice their emergency response skills regularly. Please see the OSH Answers document on emergency_planning for more information. ## Personal Hygiene Practices and Facilities Personal hygiene practices are another effective way to reduce the amount of a hazardous material absorbed, ingested, or inhaled by a worker. Examples of personal hygiene practices include: - Washing hands after handling material and before eating, drinking or smoking. - Avoiding touching lips, nose, and eyes with contaminated hands. - No smoking, drinking, chewing gum or eating in the work areas - these activities should be permitted only in a "clean" area. - Not storing hazardous products in the same refrigerator as food items. Please see the OSH Answers documents on Workplace Housekeeping, Hand Washing: Reducing the Risk of Common Infections and Good Hygiene Practices - Reducing the Spread of Infections and Viruses for more information. ## What should I know about personal protective equipment (PPE) as a hazard control method? Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to anything workers wear to help protect them from workplace hazards. The use of PPE as the main method to control exposures should be limited to situations where elimination, substitution, engineering, or administrative controls are not practicable, or when: - Additional protection is required because other control methods are not sufficient to reduce the hazard - The hazard is a result of a temporary or emergency condition PPE limits exposure to the harmful effects of a hazard but only if the PPE is worn and used correctly. Examples of PPE inclu…

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# Administrative controls (cont.) ## Good housekeeping (cont.) Engineering controls are preferred before using PPE, but in certain situations, PPE may be required. Employees should be trained to know when PPE is necessary, what PPE to wear, how to wear and remove it properly, the limitations of the PPE, and its proper care and maintenance. PPE that may be required when working with metalworking machines and metalworking fluids include those that provide protection from: - Chemicals in the MWFs, cleaning fluids, etc. - Flying metal particles (fines and swarfs). - Parts with sharp edges. - High temperatures / hot parts that could produce burns. - Falling objects. - Machine noise. For example, gloves, protective sleeves, aprons, eye protection (goggles and/or face shields with safety goggles), chemical-resistant clothing, and caps may be needed. However, in some situations, gloves may not be appropriate as they can get tangled in moving parts or workpieces. A thorough hazard assessment of the task must be done. Respiratory protection that is classified as "resistant to oil" (class R) or oil proof (class P) should be selected where appropriate. Depending on the level of airborne contaminants, an air-purifying, half mask respirator (with HEPA filter) including disposable (P- or R-series) , or any powered, air-purifying respirator equipped with hood or helmet and HEPA filter Remember that there may be other hazards associated with the MWF. For example, straight oil systems may also require fire protection. Read your SDS and technical bulletins so that you know and understand the hazards of the products that you are using, how to work safely with them, and what to do in case of spills or any emergency situations. Fact sheet last revised: 2025-02-10 ## Disclaimer Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy, currency and completeness of the information, CCOHS does not guarantee, warrant, represent or undertake that the information provided is cor…