Can you make a tool box talk on pinch points in construction work. Be more specific to tasks on a construction site

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# What are some examples of fixed-size wrenches? Fixed-sized wrenches include: - Open-ended wrenches that have "jaws" with parallel sides or tines that fit snugly on nuts and bolts. - Closed-end or box wrenches that have a loop at the end with notches on the inside that allow the wrench to fit either square or hex nuts or both (depending on the number of notches or points). - Combination wrenches that have both an open end and a closed end on either end of the wrench; usually they fit the same size nut or bolt. - Socket wrenches are similar to closed-end wrenches except they are cylindrical in shape. They can fit over a nut in a recessed hole that would be inaccessible with open- or closed-ended wrenches. These wrenches have an offset handle at right angles to the nut being tightened or loosened. Usually, the handle is a ratchet-type handle that allows the user to turn the socket continuously in one direction by moving the handle back and forth without having to take the socket off the nut. - Torque wrenches, one type of socket wrench, have a built-in spring-loaded indicator that shows how much torque is being applied (i.e., shows how hard the nut is being tightened). - Nut drivers, another type of socket wrench, are sockets that can be snapped on or permanently fixed to a screwdriver-type handle. - Allen wrenches or Allen keys are hexagon-shaped (six-sided) metal shafts that are bent into an L-shape for leverage. Hex drivers are "straight Allen wrenches" that have a screwdriver-type handle. These are different from the other wrenches since they fit inside a recessed hexagonal hole in screw heads instead of around a nut or bolt. Fixed wrenches fit single, specific sizes. Metric wrench sizes are expressed as whole numbers (e.g., 8, 10, 14, 32) that correspond to the sizes in millimetres. Non-metric sizes used widely in the U.S. are also called S.A.E (Society of Automotive Engineers) sizes and are expressed as fractions of an inch; e.g., 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 1 1/4…

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# Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification (cont.) ## How are hazards identified? (cont.) - Job descriptions and demands analysis - Job safety analysis - Incident investigations - Documents and records - Hazard reporting by employees - Hazard mapping To be sure that all hazards are found: - Look at all aspects of the work and include non-routine activities such as maintenance, repair, or cleaning. - Look at the physical work environment, equipment, materials, products, etc. that are used. - Include the various steps that make up a task or activity. - Look at injury and incident records. - Talk to the workers: they know their job and its hazards best. - Include all shifts and people who work off-site, either at home, on other job sites, drivers, teleworkers, or with clients. - Look at the way the work is organized or done by different individuals (including the experience of people doing the work, systems being used, if alternate methods are being used, etc.). - Look at foreseeable unusual conditions (for example, possible impact on hazard control procedures that may be unavailable in an emergency situation, power outage, etc.). - Determine whether a product, machine, or equipment can be intentionally or unintentionally changed (such as a safety guard that could be removed). - Review all of the phases of the lifecycle of processes, products, and services (such as design, transportation, construction, dismantling, and disposal). - Examine risks to visitors or the public. - Consider the groups of people that may have a different level of risk, such as young or inexperienced workers, persons with disabilities, or new or expectant mothers. - Consider the psychosocial aspects of the job and the hazards that could be created. ## What types of hazards are there? A common way to classify hazards is by category: Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification CCOHS

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# Construction Worker - General (cont.) ## What are some health and safety issues for construction workers? (cont.) Working in adverse weather conditions (such as cold, heat, high winds , or lightning. - Working with hand tools, powered tools and heavy powered equipment. - Excess vibration in the hands, arms or body from powered tools or equipment. - Confined spaces. - Noise. - Working at heights. - Working with portable ladders and fixed ladders. - Electrical hazards. - Hazardous energy control including lockout/tag out. - Working with cranes, hoists, and other material handling equipment. - Slips, trips and falls. - Respiratory hazards from wood dust. - Explosion and fire hazards from combustible dusts. - Stress. - Shift work or extended work days. - Working alone. - Struck by mobile equipment. - Maintaining good housekeeping. - Workplace violence and harrassment. ## What are some preventive measures for construction workers? - Scan the workplace for existing and potential hazards before work begins and take appropriate controls. Be aware that conditions can change constantly. - Inspect all equipment and machinery for any defects before work begins. - Keep tools and equipment in good working order. Use correct personal protective equipment and apparel, including safety footwear. - Keep all work areas clear of clutter and equipment. - Avoid awkward body positions or take frequent breaks. - Learn safe lifting techniques. Construction Worker - General CCOHS

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# Safeguarding - Working around Machinery (cont.) ## What are some hazards that are associated with machinery and powered equipment? (cont.) <table><tr><th rowspan="2">Possible Hazard</th><th colspan="2">Check One</th><th rowspan="2">Notes</th></tr><tr><td>OK</td><td>Needs Investigation</td></tr><tr><td>Consider tasks associated with different phases of the machine's life start-up and programming loading, packing, transporting, unpacking decommissioning and disposal</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Mechanical Components</td></tr><tr><td>At the point of operation, identify the following:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>what parts move</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>the range of motion of moving parts</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>the type of motion (e.g., rotation, shearing, bending, cutting, punching)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Note - the point of operation refers to the area of the machine where useful work is performed. Typically this point is where an operator has contact with the machine.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Identify how power is transmitted to the machine hydraulic pneumatic mechanical</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>If present, identify if the machine has a brake or clutch, and how it operates</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Identify all the "in-running nip points" on the machine</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Identify all the pinch points on the machine</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Identify entanglement hazards of the machine as a result of contact with:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> Safeguarding - Working around Machinery CCOHS

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# What are some examples of fixed-size wrenches? (cont.) ## What are the hazards of using wrenches? (cont.) - The work piece may suddenly break free, causing you to lose balance, - The wrench or work piece may break, or - Turning the handle quickly or with pressure may create stress and strains on the hand or arm. ## What are general safety tips when using wrenches? - Use the correct wrench for the job - pipe wrenches for pipes, plumbing fittings, and general-use wrenches for nuts and bolts. - Discard any damaged wrenches (e.g., open-ended wrenches with spread jaws or box wrenches with broken or damaged points). - Select the correct jaw size to avoid slippage. - Wear safety glasses or a face shield (with safety glasses or goggles) where there is a hazard of flying particles or falling debris. - Position your body in a way that will prevent you from losing balance and hurting yourself if the wrench slips or something (e.g., a bolt) suddenly breaks. - Use a box or socket wrench with a straight handle rather than an offset handle when possible. - Ensure that the jaw of an open-ended wrench is in full contact (fully seated, "flat", not tilted) with the nut or bolt before applying pressure. - When turning with an adjustable wrench, the direction of the turn should be against (towards) the permanent jaw. - Make sure that the teeth of a pipe wrench are sharp and free of oil and debris and that the pipe or fitting is clean to prevent unexpected slippage and possible injuries. - Apply a small amount of pressure to a ratchet wrench initially to ensure that the ratchet wheel (or gear) is engaged with the pawl (a catch fitting in the gear) for the direction you are applying pressure. - Support the head of the ratchet wrench when socket extensions are used. - Pull on a wrench using a slow, steady pull; do not use fast, jerky movements. - Stand aside when work is done with wrenches overhead. - Make sure adjustable wrenches do not "slide" open during use. …

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# Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification (cont.) ## How do I know what is a hazard? (cont.) - Pinch points on machines (places where parts are very close together). - Objects that stick out (protrude) - Moving objects (conveyors, chains, belts, ropes, etc.) What could I fall from? (falls to lower levels) - Structures, tanks, silos. - Ladders, overhead walkways, elevating_platforms. - Roofs. - Trees or cliffs. - Trenches. What could I slip or trip on? (falls on the same level) - Obstructions on the floor and stairs. - Surface issues (wet, oily, icy, uneven). - Footwear that is in poor condition. How could I overexert myself? - Lifting (manual material handling). - Pulling or pushing. - Carrying. - Repetitive motions (work-related musculoskeletal disorders). - Awkward and static postures. What other situations could I come across? - Unknown or unauthorized people in the area. - A potentially violent situation. - Working alone. - Confined space. - Missing or damaged materials. - New equipment or procedures at the work site. - Fire or explosion. - Chemical spill or release. Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification CCOHS

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# Hand Tools - General Hand Tool Operation (cont.) ## What are some basic tips when using hand tools? (cont.) - Maintain tools carefully. Keep them clean and dry, and store them properly after each use. - Carry tools in a sturdy toolbox to and from the worksite. - Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield (with safety glasses or goggles) and well-fitting gloves appropriate for the hazards to which you may be exposed when doing various tasks. Keep the work environment clean and tidy to avoid clutter, which may cause incidents. - Use a heavy belt or apron and hang tools pointed down at your sides, not behind your back. - Keep the work space tidy. Store tools properly when not in use. ## What should I avoid when using hand tools? - Do not use tools for jobs they are not intended to do. For example, do not use a slot screwdriver as a chisel, pry bar, wedge or punch, or wrenches as hammers. - Do not apply excessive force or pressure on tools. - Do not cut towards yourself when using cutting tools. - Do not hold the stock in the palm of your hand when using a cutting tool or a screwdriver. Always lay it on a workbench or in a vice. - Do not wear bulky gloves to operate hand tools. - Do not throw tools. Hand them, handle first, directly to other workers. - Do not carry tools in a way that interferes with using both hands on a ladder, while climbing on a structure, or when doing any hazardous work. If working on a ladder or scaffold, tools should be raised and lowered using a bucket and hand line. - Do not carry a sharp tool in your pocket. Hand Tools - General Hand Tool Operation CCOHS

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# Wind Turbines - Working on (cont.) ## What are the occupational health and safety hazards associated with wind turbines? (cont.) - Lifting, rigging, slinging (including materials handling) - Hand tools - Exposure to chemicals such as oils and lubricants - Exposure to cement - Welding - Working alone or in isolation - Stress After the wind turbine is installed, it requires regular preventive maintenance. These hazards would be similar to that of the installation, including working at heights, exposure to chemicals, extreme temperature, mobile equipment, etc. ## How can these hazards be controlled? While there are many hazards associated with wind turbines, there are also many controls. A lot of work can be completed before the wind turbine arrives on site. Preparing the worksite ahead of time can increase efficiency and reduce hazards by ensuring there is enough space to work, and enough trained personnel are present to complete all required tasks. During installation, much of the work at height can be eliminated if smaller components are put together on the ground, before being installed at height. Each jurisdiction will have health and safety legislation that outlines requirements for many of the hazards encountered at the work environments and for situations. Care should be taken to follow the requirements for safeguarding, confined spaces, ladders, work platforms, fall protection, personal protective equipment, etc. Additional controls include: - Lock out/tag_ou - WHMIS - Training - Safeguards - Housekeeping - Safe work procedures - Active weather monitoring - Attachments for tools Wind Turbines - Working on CCOHS

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# How do I "identify potential hazards"? (cont.) ## 1. Eliminate the hazard (cont.) If the hazard cannot be eliminated, contact might be prevented by using enclosures, machine guards, worker booths or similar devices. These are generally engineering controls. ## 3. Revise work procedures Consideration might be given to modifying steps which are hazardous, changing the sequence of steps, or adding additional steps (such as locking out energy sources). Work procedures and training fall under administrative controls. ## 4. Reduce the exposure These measures are the least effective and should only be used if no other solutions are possible. One way of minimizing exposure is to reduce the number of times the hazard is encountered. An example would be modifying machinery so that less maintenance is necessary. The use of appropriate personal protective equipment may be required. To reduce the severity of an incident, emergency facilities, such as eyewash stations, may need to be provided. This preventive measure is also an administrative control. Reducing the exposure may include using personal protective equipment. It is important to note that personal protective equipment can limit exposure to the harmful effects of a hazard, but only if the personal protective equipment is worn and used correctly. In listing the preventive measures, do not use general statements such as "be careful" or "use caution." Specific statements which describe both what action is to be taken and how it is to be performed are preferable. The recommended measures are listed in the right-hand column of the worksheet, numbered to match the hazard in question. For example: Job Safety Analysis CCOHS