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Confined space acid tank

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Safe Work Procedure: Confined Space Entry into Acid Tank

Document Number: [SWP-NUMBER] Revision Date: [DATE] Next Review Date: [NEXT REVIEW DATE] Department: [DEPARTMENT NAME]

1. Scope

This Safe Work Procedure (SWP) outlines the necessary safety precautions and procedures to be followed when entering acid tanks that are considered confined spaces. It applies to all personnel who are required to enter, work in, or supervise work activities within acid tanks. This procedure aims to minimize the risks associated with confined space entry, including exposure to hazardous atmospheres, engulfment, and other potential hazards [1]. This SWP is to be used in conjunction with the site's Confined Space Entry Program and all other relevant safety procedures.

2. Definitions

Confined Space: An enclosed or partially enclosed space that is not primarily designed or intended for human occupancy, has restricted means of entrance and exit, and may contain or produce hazardous conditions or atmospheres [2].

Hazardous Atmosphere: An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to the presence of flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, asphyxiating, or otherwise harmful air contaminants, or an oxygen level outside the safe range of 19.5% to 23.0% 2, 13.

Entry Permit: A written document that authorizes entry into a confined space, verifies that pre-entry requirements have been met, and specifies the conditions under which entry is allowed [3].

Attendant/Tending Worker: A competent person stationed outside the confined space who monitors the authorized entrants, ensures their safety, and summons rescue services if needed [4].

IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health): Any condition that poses an immediate or delayed threat to life or that would cause irreversible adverse health effects or interfere with an individual's ability to escape unaided from a permit space [5].

3. Responsibilities

3.1 Supervisors

Ensure that a Confined Space Entry Permit is completed and signed before any entry is allowed [3].
Ensure that all workers involved are adequately trained and competent to perform their assigned tasks [6].
Provide workers with the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensure its proper use [3].
Ensure that the atmosphere within the confined space is tested and monitored before and during entry [7].
Ensure that adequate ventilation is provided to maintain a safe atmosphere [6].
Ensure that emergency procedures and rescue plans are in place and readily available [8].

3.2 Workers

Participate in required training and understand the hazards associated with confined space entry [6].
Follow all safety procedures and instructions outlined in the Confined Space Entry Permit and this SWP [3].
Use the provided PPE properly and report any defects or damage [3].
Monitor the atmosphere and immediately evacuate the confined space if any hazardous conditions are detected [8].
Maintain communication with the attendant and report any concerns or emergencies [4].

3.3 Health and Safety Representative

Assist in the development and review of confined space entry procedures and programs [6].
Conduct regular audits of confined space entry activities to ensure compliance with safety regulations 17, 6.
Investigate incidents and near-misses related to confined space entry and recommend corrective actions [9].

4. Potential Hazards and Risks

Hazard	Risk	Control Measures
Oxygen deficiency or enrichment	Asphyxiation, fire, or explosion	Test atmosphere before entry; provide continuous ventilation; use air-supplied respirators 2, 13, 19
Toxic gases or vapors (e.g., acid fumes)	Acute or chronic health effects, irritation, corrosion	Test atmosphere before entry; provide continuous ventilation; use appropriate respirators and PPE 17, 19
Flammable or explosive substances	Fire or explosion	Test atmosphere before entry; eliminate ignition sources; use intrinsically safe equipment [10]
Chemical exposure (acids)	Skin burns, eye damage, respiratory irritation	Use appropriate PPE (gloves, eye protection, aprons); provide deluge shower and eyewash station [1]
Engulfment (liquids or free-flowing solids)	Drowning or suffocation	Remove liquids or solids before entry; implement lockout/tagout procedures to prevent entry of materials [11]
Physical hazards (e.g., moving parts, sharp edges)	Cuts, lacerations, crushing injuries	Lockout/tagout equipment; use appropriate tools and equipment; ensure proper lighting [11]
Poor communication	Delayed response in emergencies	Establish and maintain two-way communication between entrant and attendant [4]

5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Proper PPE is essential for protecting workers from the hazards associated with confined space entry. All PPE must be inspected before use to ensure it is in good working condition [3].

Respirator: Use a supplied-air respirator (SAR) or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when the atmosphere is IDLH or cannot be adequately ventilated 5, 11. Ensure proper fit testing and training.
Eye Protection: Wear chemical splash goggles or a full-face shield to protect against acid splashes or fumes [1].
Gloves: Use chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile, neoprene) to prevent skin contact with acids [1].
Protective Clothing: Wear a chemical-resistant suit or apron to protect the body from acid splashes or spills [1].
Boots: Use rubber or chemical-resistant boots to protect feet from acid exposure [1].
Hard Hat: Wear a hard hat to protect against head injuries from falling objects or low clearances [12].
Harness and Lifeline: Use a full-body harness with a lifeline for retrieval in case of emergency, if feasible and does not create additional hazards 4, 11.

Inspect PPE for damage before each use. Clean and store PPE according to manufacturer's instructions.

6. Equipment and Tools

Ensure all equipment and tools are in good working condition and appropriate for the task. Inspect equipment before each use.

Atmospheric Monitoring Equipment: Use calibrated multi-gas meters to test for oxygen levels, flammable gases, and toxic substances (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide) 9, 13.
Ventilation Equipment: Use portable fans or blowers to ventilate the confined space and maintain a safe atmosphere 3, 7.
Communication Equipment: Use two-way radios or other communication devices to maintain constant contact between the entrant and attendant [4].
Lighting: Use explosion-proof lighting to provide adequate illumination within the confined space [10].
Retrieval System: Use a tripod and winch system or other mechanical retrieval device to facilitate non-entry rescue 5, 10.
Lockout/Tagout Equipment: Use locks, tags, and other devices to isolate energy sources and prevent accidental activation of equipment [12].

7. Pre-Job Requirements

7.1 Training and Competency

All personnel involved in confined space entry must be trained in accordance with regulatory requirements and the site's Confined Space Entry Program [6].
Training must include hazard recognition, atmospheric monitoring, PPE use, entry procedures, rescue procedures, and the duties of entrants and attendants [13].
Workers must demonstrate competency in performing their assigned tasks before being allowed to participate in confined space entry activities [6].

7.2 Pre-Job Briefing

Conduct a pre-job briefing with all personnel involved to discuss the scope of work, potential hazards, control measures, and emergency procedures [3].
Review the Confined Space Entry Permit and ensure that all requirements are understood and followed [3].
Confirm that all necessary equipment and PPE are available and in good working condition [3].
Establish clear communication signals and procedures between the entrant and attendant [4].

7.3 Work Area Preparation

Isolate the acid tank by disconnecting or blanking off all pipelines and energy sources [11].
Implement lockout/tagout procedures to prevent accidental activation of equipment or entry of materials [12].
Ensure that the confined space is thoroughly cleaned and purged of any residual chemicals or materials [14].
Provide adequate ventilation to remove hazardous atmospheres and maintain a safe oxygen level 3, 7.
Set up a retrieval system and ensure that it is properly anchored and rigged 5, 10.
Establish a clear and unobstructed entry and exit path [15].
Barricade or cordon off the work area to prevent unauthorized entry [7].

8. Safe Work Procedure Steps

Step 1: Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring

Before entry, a competent person must test the atmosphere inside the acid tank using calibrated instruments 9, 13.

Test for oxygen levels, flammable gases, and toxic substances 9, 13.
Ensure that the oxygen level is between 19.5% and 23.0% by volume 2, 13.
Ensure that the concentration of flammable gases is below 10% of the lower explosive limit (LEL) [10].
Ensure that the concentration of toxic substances is below the permissible exposure limit (PEL) 2, 13.
Continuously monitor the atmosphere during entry, especially if conditions may change unpredictably 13, 19.

Safety considerations: If the atmosphere is not safe, do not enter the confined space. Implement additional ventilation or other control measures until a safe atmosphere is achieved 7, 19.

Step 2: Entry and Work

Once a safe atmosphere is confirmed, workers may enter the acid tank to perform the necessary tasks [3].

Ensure that the entrant is wearing the required PPE, including a respirator, eye protection, gloves, and protective clothing 4, 11.
Use a full-body harness with a lifeline if feasible and does not create additional hazards 4, 11.
Maintain constant communication with the attendant outside the confined space [4].
Perform work in a safe and controlled manner, following established procedures [6].
Avoid creating ignition sources if flammable substances may be present [10].

Safety considerations: If any hazardous conditions are detected during entry, immediately evacuate the confined space and reassess the situation [8].

Step 3: Exit and Closure

After completing the work, workers must exit the acid tank safely and the confined space must be properly closed [3].

Ensure that all personnel and equipment are removed from the confined space [6].
Remove any lockout/tagout devices and restore equipment to its normal operating condition, if applicable [12].
Close and secure the confined space to prevent unauthorized entry [7].
Document the completion of the work and any relevant observations on the Confined Space Entry Permit [3].

Safety considerations: Ensure that the confined space is left in a safe condition before closing it [16].

9. Precautions and Safety Measures

Entry Permit: Always obtain a signed entry permit before entering the confined space [3].
Atmospheric Monitoring: Continuously monitor the atmosphere for hazardous conditions 13, 19.
Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation to maintain a safe atmosphere 3, 7.
PPE: Use appropriate personal protective equipment, including respiratory protection 4, 11.
Communication: Maintain constant communication between the entrant and attendant [4].
Emergency Procedures: Be familiar with emergency procedures and rescue plans [8].
Lockout/Tagout: Follow lockout/tagout procedures to isolate energy sources [12].
No Unauthorized Entry: Prevent unauthorized entry into the confined space [7].
Fall Protection: Use fall protection equipment when working at heights 4, 11.
Hot Work: Avoid hot work (welding, cutting, etc.) unless the confined space is free of flammable materials and vapors [14].

10. Emergency Procedures

10.1 General Emergency Response

In the event of an emergency, immediately activate the site's emergency response plan [8].
Evacuate the confined space and the surrounding area [8].
Contact emergency services (e.g., fire department, medical personnel) [13].
Provide first aid and medical assistance to injured personnel [6].
Secure the area and prevent further entry [7].

10.2 Specific Emergency Scenarios

Atmospheric Hazard: If a hazardous atmosphere is detected, evacuate immediately and ventilate the space 7, 19.
Entrapment: If a worker becomes entrapped, use the retrieval system to remove them from the confined space 5, 10.
Chemical Exposure: If a worker is exposed to chemicals, flush the affected area with water and seek medical attention [1].
Injury: If a worker is injured, provide first aid and arrange for medical transport [6].

10.3 Emergency Contact Information

Emergency Services: 911
Site Security: [PHONE NUMBER]
First Aid: [PHONE NUMBER]
Supervisor: [PHONE NUMBER]
Health and Safety: [PHONE NUMBER]

11. Incident Reporting and Investigation

All incidents, near-misses, and hazards related to confined space entry must be reported to the supervisor and health and safety department [9].
An investigation will be conducted to determine the root cause of the incident and implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence [9].

12. References and Related Documents

Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20
Site-Specific Confined Space Entry Program
Confined Space Entry Permit
Lockout/Tagout Procedure
Emergency Response Plan
SDS (Safety Data Sheets) for Acids and Other Chemicals

Approved by: [NAME AND POSITION] Date: [APPROVAL DATE]

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16 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Occupational Health and Safety Code

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## Entry permit system - 47 (1) A person must not enter a confined space at a work site without a valid entry permit. - 47 (2) An employer must establish an entry permit system for a confined space that - (a) lists the name of each worker who enters the confined space and the reason for the worker's entry, - (b) gives the location of the confined space, - (c) specifies the time during which an entry permit is valid, - (d) takes into account the work being done in the confined space, and - (e) takes into account the code of practice requirements for entering, being in and leaving a confined space. - 47 (3) An employer must ensure that, before a worker enters a confined space, an entry permit is properly completed, signed by a competent person and a copy kept readily available. - 47 (4) Based on a review of similar confined spaces, an employer may issue an entry permit that can be used for a number of similar confined spaces. ## Safety and protection - generally - 48 (1) An employer must ensure that - (a) if a lifeline is required in a confined space or a restricted space, it is used in a manner that does not create an additional hazard, - (b) the safety and personal protective equipment required under this Code is available to workers entering a confined space or a restricted space, - (c) a worker who enters, occupies or leaves a confined space or restricted space uses the safety and personal protective equipment, - (d) the personal protective equipment and emergency equipment required under this Code is available to workers undertaking rescue operations in a confined space or restricted space, - (e) equipment appropriate to the confined space or restricted space, including personal protective equipment, is available to perform a timely rescue, and - (f) a communication system is established that is readily available to workers in a confined space or a restricted space and is appropriate to the hazards. - 48 (2) An employer must ensure that all personal protective…

[2] Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020 (Sask. Reg. 10/2020)

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## OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY, 2020 - (c) alternative means to perform the work to be performed in a confined space that will not require the worker to enter the confined space; and - (d) alterations to the physical characteristics of the confined spaces that may be necessary to ensure safe entrance to and exit from all accessible parts of each confined space. 31 Dec 2020 c S-15.1 Reg 10 s18-2. ## Avoidance of entry into hazardous confined space - 18-3 (1) If reasonably practicable, an employer shall use an alternative means to perform work that will not require a worker to enter a hazardous confined space. - (2) An employer shall take all reasonably practicable steps to prevent any unauthorized entry into the confined space. 31 Dec 2020 c S-15.1 Reg 10 s18-3. ## Requirements before confined space is entered - 18-4 (1) If a worker will be required or permitted to work in a confined space, an employer, contractor or owner shall, before requiring or permitting the worker to enter the confined space: - (a) ensure that there is a safe entrance to and exit from all accessible parts of the confined space; and - (b) make all practicable alterations to the physical characteristics of the confined space necessary to ensure a safe entrance to and exit from all accessible parts of the confined space. - (2) In making alterations pursuant to clause (1) (b), an employer shall ensure that the structural integrity of the confined space is maintained. 31 Dec 2020 c S-15.1 Reg 10 s18-4. ## Requirements before hazardous confined space is entered - 18-5 (1) Before a worker is required or permitted to enter a confined space, an employer shall appoint a competent person: - (a) to assess the hazards; - (b) if a hazardous atmosphere has been identified, to test the atmosphere of the confined space for: - (i) oxygen enrichment or deficiency; - (ii) the presence of flammable or explosive substances; and - (iii) the presence and hazardous concentration of…

[3] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (General Occupational Safety and Health, Division 2, OSHA Oregon)

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Division 2 - (r) Inspecting and repairing digester. - (A) Valves controlling lines leading into a digester shall be locked out and tagged in accordance with 1910.147, Lockout/Tagout, in Subdivision J. - (B) Sources of energy associated with a digester shall be isolated in accordance with 1910.147, Lockout/Tagout, in Subdivision J. - (C) Entry into the digester shall be in accordance with [redacted phone] Confined Spaces, in Subdivision J. - (D) The concentration of lead in the air shall not exceed the limits specified in 1910.1025, Lead, Subdivision Z. - (E) All employees entering digesters for inspection or repair work shall be provided with protective headgear. - (F) Eye protection and dust respirators shall be provided to workers while the old brick lining is being removed, in accordance with Subdivision I, Personal Protective Equipment. - (G) Sanitary facilities shall be provided as specified in 1910.141, Sanitation, in Subdivision J. - (s) Pressure tanks-accumulators (acid). - (A) Safety regulations governing inspection and repairing of pressure tanks-accumulators (acid) shall be the same as those specified in section (8)(t) of this rule. - (B) The pressure tanks-accumulators shall be inspected twice annually and more frequently if required by the manufacturer or engineer's recommendations. (Refer to Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Laws of the State Building Codes Division, Department of Consumer and Business Services.) - (t) Pressure vessels (safety devices). - (A) Each unfired pressure vessel shall have a pressure relieving device or devices installed and operated in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII (Unfired Pressure Vessels - 1992). In the case of batch digesters with safety pressure relieving devices installed directly to the pressure vessel, means shall be devised to verify regularly that the safety devices have not become plugged or corroded to the point of being inoperat

[4] Occupational Health and Safety Code

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- (i) can physically examine areas around the confined space, - (ii) has two-way continuous communication with the tending worker, and - (iii) assists the tending worker, ## and - (b) the monitoring equipment inside the confined space is not energized if a flammable substance or combustible substance is present in excess of 10 percent of the lower explosive limit for those substances, unless the equipment will not ignite a flammable substance or combustible substance. AR 191/2021 s56;242/2022 ## Entry and exit - 57 An employer must ensure that a safe means of entry and exit is available to all workers required to work in a confined space or a restricted space and to all rescue personnel attending to the workers. ## Retaining records - 58 An employer must ensure that all records respecting entry and work in a confined space, including entry permits and testing under this Part, are retained for not less than - (a) one year if no incident or unplanned event occurred during the entry, or - (b) 2 years if an incident or unplanned event occurred during the entry.

[5] Occupational Health and Safety Code

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## Tending worker 56 (1) For every confined space or restricted space entry, an employer must designate a competent worker as a tending worker to be in communication with a worker in the confined space or restricted space. - 56 (2) An employer must ensure that a tending worker - (a) has a suitable system for summoning assistance, and - (b) is trained in the evacuation procedures referred to in section 55(3) and the emergency response plan referred to in section 115(1). 56 (3) An employer must ensure that, when a worker is present in a confined space, a tending worker is present outside the confined space at or near the entrance to the confined space, or at a remote monitoring station, if any of the following conditions are present or may be present in the confined space: - (a) the oxygen content of the atmosphere is less than 19.5 percent by volume; - (b) the oxygen content of the atmosphere is greater than 23.0 percent by volume; - (c) the concentration of a substance listed in Schedule 1, Table 2 is greater than 50 percent of its occupational exposure limit; - (d) a hazard other than one listed in clause (a), (b) or (c) is identified and the hazard cannot be eliminated or effectively controlled. - 56 (4) An employer must ensure that the tending worker under subsection (3) - (a) keeps track at all times of the number of workers inside the confined space, and - (b) is in constant communication with each worker inside the confined space. 56 (5) The tending worker under subsection (3) must not leave the area outside the confined space or the remote monitoring station until all workers have left the confined space or another tending worker is in place. 56 (6) If a remote monitoring station is used, an employer must ensure that the remote monitoring station - (a) is physically located at the same work site as the confined space being monitored, - (b) has a live visual display that allows the tending worker to have a clear, continuous and simultaneous view of - (i…

[6] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (General Occupational Safety and Health, Division 2, OSHA Oregon)

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L AO 2-2017 Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (b) Employers must comply with Division 2/J, [redacted phone], Confined Spaces, when they agree to serve as a designated rescue service provider. - (c) Employers that will respond to emergency calls for rescue from confined spaces must: - (A) Train responders to recognize inherent confined space hazards before assigning or attempting any related duties in confined space rescues. - (i) Provide responders with understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for safe performance of confined space rescues. - (ii) Practice a confined space rescue operation at least once every year from a real or simulated confined space. - (B) Responders must be certified in writing to Department of Public Safety Standards and Training (DPSST) Firefighter 1 or equivalent. - (C) Use the Incident Management System (IMS) during confined space rescue incidents that meet the requirements of NFPA 1561 (2008): Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System. - (D) Assess the situation and determine if it qualifies as a confined space incident. - (i) Classify the operation as a rescue or body recovery. - (ii) Assess and control physical hazards related to the incident or rescue. - (iii) Assess atmospheric hazards. - (I) Use calibrated direct-reading instruments to test the atmosphere in confined spaces for oxygen content, flammable gases and vapors, and toxic air contaminates. - (II) When calibrated direct-reading instruments are not available, the Incident Commander must assume the situation is IDLH and ensure that responders who enter are equipped with appropriate respiratory protective equipment that comply with Division 2/I, 1910.134, Respiratory Protection. - (iv) Determine if the space should be ventilated. - (v) Determine the precautions and procedures to follow for safe entry into the space.

[7] Occupational Safety General Regulations (N.S. Reg. 44/99)

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subsection (1) at the entrance to the confined space for the duration of the confined space occupancy. - (4) An employer shall maintain a copy of the certification required in subsection (1) for 12 months. [Note: Section 131 effective November 1, 2000.] ## Purging and further testing - 132 Where the tests required in clauses 130(8) (a), (b) and (c) indicate that the concentration level or percentage referred to in those clauses cannot be complied with, an employer shall - (a) ensure that, where reasonably practicable, the confined space is purged until concentrations are below the hazards referred to in clauses 130(8)(a) to (d); and Clause 132(a) amended: O.I.C. 2013-65, N.S. Reg. 53/2013. - (b) after the purging, ensure that the tests required under subsection 130(8) are conducted again. [Note: Section 132 effective November 1, 2000.] ## Response to hazardous condition 133 - (1) An employer shall ensure that no person enters or remains in a confined space where the tests conducted under clause 130(8)(a) indicate that a concentration of a chemical substance or mixture of chemical substances in the confined space equals or exceeds 50% of the lower explosive limit of the chemical substance or mixture of chemical substances. - (2) Where the concentration of a chemical substance or mixture of chemical substances may cause a flammable or explosive hazard, and where the tests conducted under clause 130(8)(a) indicate that the concentration of the substance or substances in a confined space is between 10% and 50% of the lower explosive limit, an employer shall - (a) provide explosion-proof lighting and ensure that it is used where necessary; and - (b) ensure that the only work performed in the confined space is cleaning or inspecting and is of such a nature that it does not create any source of ignition. - (3) Where the level of oxygen in a confined space is more than 22.5% and a person is to work in the confined space, an employer shall ensure that the confined …

[8] Occupational Safety General Regulations (N.S. Reg. 44/99)

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- (d) is adequately trained in the emergency response procedure; and Clause 134(2)(d) replaced: O.I.C. 2000-130, N.S. Reg. 52/2000. - (e) maintains a record of who is in the confined space. Clause 134(2)(e) added: O.I.C. 2000-130, N.S. Reg. 52/2000. Subsection 134(2) amended: O.I.C. 2013-65, N.S. Reg. 53/2013. - (3 ) An employer shall - (a) where reasonably practicable, provide a person entering into and occupying a confined space with a full body harness; - (b) ensure that a full body harness provided under clause (a) is worn; and - (c) where it does not present a hazard, ensure that an attached life line is - (i) securely fastened to an anchor point, and - (ii) controlled by the competent person referred to in subsection (2). - (4) An employer shall ensure that the full body harness referred to in subsection (3) complies with the requirements for Group E harnesses in the latest version of CSA standard CSA 259.10, 'Full Body Harnesses'. Subsection 134(4) amended: O.I.C. 2013-65, N.S. Reg. 53/2013. [Note: Section 134 and amendments to it made by O.I.C. 2000-130, N.S. Reg. 52/2000 effective November 1, 2000.] ## Respiratory protective equipment - 135 (1) An employer shall provide - (a) appropriate respiratory protective equipment to a person who enters a confined space where the concentration of a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances in a confined space is hazardous to the health or safety of a person; and Clause 135(1)(a) amended: O.I.C. 2000-130, N.S. Reg. 52/2000. - (b) positive pressure respiratory protective equipment to a person who enters a confined space where the concentration of oxygen is less than 19.5 %. - Clause 135(1)(b) amended: O.I.C. 2000-130, N.S. Reg. 52/2000. - (2) An employer shall ensure that the respiratory protective equipment referred to in clause (1)(b) - (a) has an air line and an independent 5-minute supply of air; or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\…

[9] Occupational Health and Safety Code

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- 49 (2) An employer must ensure that a worker does not enter a confined space unless adequate precautions are in place to protect a worker from drowning, engulfment or entrapment. - 49 (3) An employer must ensure that any hazardous energy in a restricted space is controlled in accordance with Part 15. AR 191/2021 s49;202/2024 ## Unauthorized entry - 50 An employer must ensure that persons who are not authorized by the employer to enter a confined space or a restricted space are prevented from entering. ## Traffic hazards - 51 An employer must ensure that workers in a confined space or a restricted space are protected from hazards created by traffic in the vicinity of the confined space or restricted space. ## Testing the atmosphere - 52 (1) Before a worker enters a confined space, an employer must ensure that the atmosphere in the confined space is tested by a competent worker to - (a) verify that the oxygen content is between 19.5 percent and 23.0 percent by volume, and - (b) identify the amount of toxic, flammable or explosive substance that may be present. - 52 (2) The employer must ensure that the testing required by subsection (1) is performed using calibrated test instruments appropriate for the atmosphere being tested and the instruments are used in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. - 52 (3) The employer must ensure that as often as necessary after the first time a worker enters the confined space, a competent worker - (a) performs the tests specified in subsection (1), and - (b) identifies and records any additional hazards. - 52 (3.1) The employer must ensure that if there is a potential for the atmosphere to change unpredictably after a worker enters the confined space, the atmosphere is continuously monitored in accordance with subsection (2). - 52 (4) If tests identify additional hazards, the employer must deal with the identified hazards in accordance with this Code. - 52 (5) The employer must ensure that the procedures and prac…

[10] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (General Occupational Safety and Health, Division 2, OSHA Oregon)

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Division 2 - (e) Tanks (acid). Entering acid tanks shall be in accordance with 437-0020146 Confined Spaces, in Subdivision J. - (f) Clothing. Where lime slaking takes place, employees shall be provided with rubber boots, rubber gloves, protective aprons, and eye protection. A deluge shower and eye fountain shall be provided to flush the skin and eyes to counteract lime or acid burns. - (g) Lead burning. When lead burning is being done within tanks, fresh air shall be forced into the tanks so that fresh air will reach the face of the worker first and the direction of the current will never be from the source of the fumes toward the face of the workers. Supplied air respirators (constant-flow type) shall be provided. Note: (For specifics refer to Subdivision Q, Welding, Cutting and Brazing; and 1910.1025, Lead, in Subdivision Z.) - (h) Hoops for acid storage tanks. Hoops of tanks shall be made of rods rather than flat strips and shall be safely maintained by scheduled inspections. - (i) Quicklime stoppages. Water shall not be used to unplug quicklime stops or plugs in pipes or confined spaces. - (j) Digester building exits. At least one unobstructed exit at each end of the room shall be provided on each floor of a digester building. - (k) Digester building escape respirators. Escape respirators shall be available for escape purposes only. These respirators shall meet the requirements of 1910.134 in Subdivision I, including the requirement to be inspected at frequent intervals, not to exceed one month. - (l) Elevators. - (A) Elevators shall be constructed in accordance with American National Standard A17.1-1990. - (B) Elevators shall be equipped with escape respirators for the maximum number of passengers. - (C) Elevators shall be equipped with an alarm system to advise of failure. - (m) Blowoff valves and piping. - (A) The blowoff valve of a digester shall be arranged so as to be operated from another room, remote fro…

[11] Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020 (Sask. Reg. 10/2020)

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- (c) prepare a procedure for the removal of a worker who has become injured or incapacitated while in the confined space; and - (d) ensure that the ventilation in the confined space is adequate to maintain safe atmospheric conditions. 31 Dec 2020 c S-15.1 Reg 10 s18-6. ## Entry plan - 18-7 (1) If a worker will be required or permitted to enter a hazardous confined space, an employer, in consultation with the committee, shall develop a hazardous confined space entry plan to ensure the health and safety of workers who enter or work in the hazardous confined space. - (2) A hazardous confined space entry plan must be in writing and must include: - (a) the tests or measurements necessary to monitor any oxygen deficiency or enrichment or the presence and hazardous concentration of flammable or explosive substances; - (b) the identification of any other hazards that may be present in the hazardous confined space and may put the health or safety of workers at risk; - (c) the means, if any, of isolating the hazardous confined space; - (d) the means, if any, of ventilating the hazardous confined space; - (e) the procedures to enter, work in and exit from the hazardous confined space safely; - (f) the availability, location and proper use of personal protective equipment; - (g) the rescue procedures to be followed, including the number and duties of personnel and the availability, location and proper use of equipment; - (h) the means to maintain effective communication with a worker who has entered the hazardous confined space; and - (i) the availability, location and proper use of any other equipment that a worker may need to work safely in the hazardous confined space. - (3) An employer shall ensure that the following workers are trained in and implement a hazardous confined space entry plan: - (a) a worker who is required or permitted to enter the hazardous confined space; - (b) a worker who attends a worker in the hazardous confined space pursuant…

[12] Occupational Safety General Regulations (N.S. Reg. 44/99)

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- (a) where the level of a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances may constitute a hazard, tests to ensure that the concentration of a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances in the confined space does not exceed its occupational exposure limit under Part 2: Occupational Health, of the Workplace Health and Safety Regulations made under the Act or 50% of its lower explosive limit; Clause 130(8)(a) amended: O.I.C. 2013-65, N.S. Reg. 53/2013. - (b) where the level of a physical agent may constitute a hazard, tests to ensure that the level of the physical agent in the confined space is not hazardous; - (c) tests to ensure that the level of oxygen in the atmosphere in the confined space is not less than 19.5 % and not more than 22.5 %, unless the employer can demonstrate that an unsafe oxygen level is not a possibility in the circumstance; - (d) a determination of whether the concentrations, levels or percentages referred to in clauses (a), (b) and (c) can be maintained during the period of proposed occupancy of the confined space; - (e) a confirmation that any liquid in which the person may drown or any free flowing solid in which a person may become entrapped has been removed from the confined space or that work practices have been established that specifically address the presence of the liquid or solid; Clause 130(8)(e) amended: O.I.C. 2013-65, N.S. Reg. 53/2013. - (f) a confirmation that entry of any liquid, free flowing solid or hazardous substance into the confined space that could endanger the health or safety of a person has been prevented by a secure means of disconnection, the fitting of blank flanges or the implementation of a double block and bleed written procedure established by the employer or similar positive actions; - (g) confirmation that a machine, equipment, tool or electrical installation that presents a hazard to a person entering into, exiting from or occupying the confined space has been locked out; and - (h) c…

[13] Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020 (Sask. Reg. 10/2020)

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## S-15.1 REG 10 ## OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY, 2020 - (2) An employer or contractor shall not require or permit a worker: - (a) to enter the belled area of an excavated shaft unless the worker is protected by a temporary protective structure that is designed by a professional engineer and constructed, installed, used, maintained and dismantled in accordance with that design; or - (b) to remain in a belled area of an excavated shaft if the worker may be exposed to falling materials. - (3) An employer or contractor shall ensure that the worker precedes or accompanies each load of excavated material to the surface. 31 Dec 2020 c S-15.1 Reg 10 s17-9. ## PART 18 ## Confined Space Entry Definitions for Part 18-1 In this Part: 'confined space' means an enclosed or partially enclosed space that: - (a) is not primarily designed or intended for human occupancy, except for the purpose of performing work; and - (b) has restricted means of entrance and exit; 'hazardous confined space' means a confined space that is or may become hazardous to a worker entering the confined space due to: - (a) the design, construction or atmosphere of the confined space; - (b) the materials or substances in the confined space; - (c) the work activities or processes used in the confined space; or - (d) any other conditions relating to the confined space; 'isolate' means to physically interrupt or disconnect pipes, lines and sources of energy from a confined space. 31 Dec 2020 c S-15.1 Reg 10 s18-1. ## Identification of confined spaces, hazards, etc. 18-2 If a worker may be required or permitted to work in a confined space, an employer, in consultation with the committee, shall identify: - (a) types of confined spaces at the place of employment that a worker may be required or permitted to enter; - (b) types of hazards that are or may be present at each confined space;

[14] Occupational Health and Safety Code

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## Ventilation and purging - 53 (1) If the atmospheric testing under section 52 identifies that a hazardous atmosphere exists or is likely to exist in a confined space, an employer must ensure that the confined space is ventilated, purged or both before a worker enters the confined space. - 53 (2) If ventilating or purging a confined space is impractical or ineffective in eliminating a hazardous atmosphere, the employer must ensure that a worker who enters the confined space uses personal protective equipment appropriate for the conditions within the confined space. - 53 (3) If mechanical ventilation is needed to maintain a safe atmosphere in a confined space during the work process, an employer must ensure it is provided and operated as needed. - 53 (4) If mechanical ventilation is required to maintain a safe atmosphere in the confined space, the employer must ensure that - (a) the ventilation system incorporates a method of alerting workers to a failure of the system so that workers have sufficient time to safely leave the confined space, and - (b) all workers within the confined space have received training in the evacuation procedures to be used in the event of a ventilation system failure. - 53 (5) All workers must evacuate a confined space or use an alternative means of protection if a ventilation system fails. ## Inerting 54 (1) An employer must ensure that a confined space is inerted if it is not reasonably practicable to eliminate an explosive or flammable atmosphere within the confined space through another means. - 54 (2) If a confined space is inerted, an employer must ensure that - (a) every worker entering the confined space is equipped with supplied air respiratory protective equipment that complies with Part 18, - (b) all ignition sources are controlled, and - (c) the atmosphere within the confined space stays inerted while workers are inside. ## Emergency response - 55 (1) An employer must ensure that a worker does not enter or remain in a con…

[15] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (General Occupational Safety and Health, Division 2, OSHA Oregon)

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (E) Provide the appropriate rescue, emergency, and personal protective equipment for safe entry into and rescue from confined spaces. - (F) Provide necessary equipment to facilitate non-entry retrieval for responders, unless the retrieval equipment would increase the overall risk or would not contribute to the rescue operations. Note: For the reader's convenience, the following paragraphs are provided from Division 2/I, 1910.134(g)(3) and (g)(4), Respiratory Protection: - (g)(3) Procedures for IDLH atmospheres. For all IDLH atmospheres, the employer shall ensure that: - (i) One employee or, when needed, more than one employee is located outside the IDLH atmosphere; - (ii) Visual, voice, or signal line communication is maintained between the employee(s) in the IDLH atmosphere and the employee(s) located outside the IDLH atmosphere; - (iii) The employee(s) located outside the IDLH atmosphere are trained and equipped to provide effective emergency rescue; - (iv) The employer or designee is notified before the employee(s) located outside the IDLH atmosphere enter the IDLH atmosphere to provide emergency rescue; - (v) The employer or designee authorized to do so by the employer, once notified, provides necessary assistance appropriate to the situation; - (vi) Employee(s) located outside the IDLH atmospheres are equipped with: - (A) Pressure demand or other positive pressure SCBAs, or a pressure demand or other positive pressure supplied-air respirator with auxiliary SCBA; and either - (B) Appropriate retrieval equipment for removing the employee(s) who enter(s) these hazardous atmospheres where retrieval equipment would contribute to the rescue of the employee(s) and would not increase the overall risk resulting from entry; or - (C) Equivalent means for rescue where retrieval equipment is not required under paragraph (g)(3)(vi)(B). - (g)(4) Procedures for interior structural firefighting. In addition to the requirements…

[16] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

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Division 3 AO 3-2019 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (ii) Before cleaning the interior of any tank, the contents shall be drained off, and the cleanout doors shall be opened where provided. All pockets in tanks or pits, where it is possible for hazardous vapors to collect, shall be ventilated and cleared of such vapors. - (iii) Tanks which have been drained to permit employees to enter for the purposes of cleaning, inspection, or maintenance may contain atmospheres which are hazardous to life or health, through the presence of flammable or toxic air contaminants, or through the absence of sufficient oxygen. Before employees shall be permitted to enter any such tank, appropriate tests of the atmosphere shall be made to determine if the limits set by paragraph (i)(2)(iii) of this section are exceeded, or if the oxygen concentration is less than 19.5 percent. - (iv) If the tests made in accordance with paragraph(i)(11)(iii) of this section indicate that the atmosphere in the tank is unsafe, before any employee is permitted to enter the tank, the tank shall be ventilated until the hazardous atmosphere is removed, and ventilation shall be continued so as to prevent the occurrence of a hazardous atmosphere as long as an employee is in the tank. - (v) If, in emergencies, such as rescue work, it is necessary to enter a tank which may contain a hazardous atmosphere, suitable respirators, such as self-contained breathing apparatus; hose mask with blower, if there is a possibility of oxygen deficiency; or a gas mask, selected and operated in accordance with paragraph (i)(9)(vi) of this section, shall be used. If a contaminant in the tank can cause dermatitis, or be absorbed through the skin, the employee entering the tank shall also wear protective clothing. At least one trained standby employee, with suitable respirator, shall be present in the nearest uncontaminated area. The standby employee must be able to communicate with t…

Publication receipt

Publisher: SALUS
Final reviewer: Francis Langlois
Original answer: May 4, 2025

Who, how, and why

Rosie, the contractors' AI Admin & Risk Assistant, works across the operational workflows to take care of the busy work, make capture in the field effortless, surface risk, and create business-ready outputs—without removing human judgment.

Rosie was grounded in a curated, human-created, SALUS-verified source library and retrieved relevant material for each question. SALUS published the English answer exactly as generated after duplicate screening. Francis Langlois reviewed the English content.

Rosie was offered as a free tool so people could ask real workplace-safety questions and receive immediate guidance. SALUS is preserving these human-requested answers because the same questions recur across jobsites and safety teams, and because the resulting threads can help people compare experience, clarify guidance and find relevant supporting material.

Topics

Chemical safety Safety compliance Confined spaces Emergency response Equipment safety Fall protection Fire prevention Incident management Personal protective equipment Safety training

This information supports professional judgment; it does not replace applicable requirements, site-specific procedures, or advice from a qualified person.

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Rosie's answer

Safe Work Procedure: Confined Space Entry into Acid Tank

1. Scope

2. Definitions

3. Responsibilities

3.1 Supervisors

3.2 Workers

3.3 Health and Safety Representative

4. Potential Hazards and Risks

5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

6. Equipment and Tools

7. Pre-Job Requirements

7.1 Training and Competency

7.2 Pre-Job Briefing

7.3 Work Area Preparation

8. Safe Work Procedure Steps

Step 1: Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring

Step 2: Entry and Work

Step 3: Exit and Closure

9. Precautions and Safety Measures

10. Emergency Procedures

10.1 General Emergency Response

10.2 Specific Emergency Scenarios

10.3 Emergency Contact Information

11. Incident Reporting and Investigation

12. References and Related Documents

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