Asked by a personGeneral — US and Canadaen-CA

Create a continued space procedure and permit for a atrapare forging facilities with hydraulic presses that V wit be above pits. And forge furnaces that V are by large V enough for humans to enter

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Rosie's answer

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Confined Space Entry Procedure and Permit for Forging Facilities ================================================================

Document Number: \[SWP-NUMBER]

Revision Date: \[DATE]

Next Review Date: \[NEXT REVIEW DATE]

Department: \[DEPARTMENT NAME]

1\. Scope

This safe work procedure (SWP) outlines the requirements for safe entry into confined spaces at forging facilities, specifically addressing hydraulic press pits and forge furnaces. It applies to all employees, contractors, and visitors who may be required to enter a confined space at the facility. This procedure is designed to comply with all applicable safety regulations and standards related to confined space entry. The procedure includes guidelines for hazard identification, risk assessment, permit issuance, entry procedures, and emergency response.

2\. Definitions

Confined Space A space that is large enough for an employee to enter, has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, and is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. [9]

Permit-Required Confined Space A confined space that contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere, contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant, has an internal configuration that could trap or asphyxiate an entrant, or contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard. [8]

Entry Permit A written authorization that allows entry into a permit-required confined space, verifying that pre-entry procedures have been completed and the space is safe to enter. [3]

Attendant An individual stationed outside the confined space who monitors the entrants, maintains communication, and performs rescue duties as needed. [4]

Entrant A trained and authorized employee who is allowed to enter a confined space to perform work. [3]

3\. Responsibilities

3\.1 Supervisors

Ensure that a confined space hazard assessment is conducted to identify all potential hazards within the space.
Verify that all entrants, attendants, and entry supervisors are adequately trained and competent to perform their assigned duties.
Ensure that a valid entry permit is completed and posted at the entrance of the confined space before entry.
Provide all necessary equipment, including PPE, testing equipment, and rescue equipment, in good working order.
Monitor work activities to ensure compliance with the SWP and permit requirements.

3\.2 Workers

Participate in required training programs and demonstrate competency in confined space entry procedures.
Understand and follow the instructions outlined in the entry permit and this SWP.
Use all required PPE and safety equipment correctly.
Monitor the atmosphere within the confined space and report any changes or hazards to the attendant.
Evacuate the confined space immediately if any unsafe conditions arise or upon notification by the attendant or supervisor.

3\.3 Health and Safety Representative

Participate in the development and review of the confined space entry program and this SWP.
Conduct periodic audits of confined space entry operations to ensure compliance with safety regulations and the SWP.
Investigate incidents and near misses related to confined space entry and recommend corrective actions.
Provide guidance and support to supervisors and workers on confined space safety issues.

4\. Potential Hazards and Risks

Hazard	Risk	Control Measures
Oxygen Deficiency [4]	Asphyxiation, loss of consciousness, death	Ventilate the space to maintain oxygen levels between 19\.5% and 23\.5%. Continuously monitor oxygen levels with a calibrated gas monitor. Use supplied air respirators if ventilation cannot maintain adequate oxygen levels.
Toxic Gases/Vapors [4]	Poisoning, respiratory irritation, chemical burns	Test the atmosphere for toxic gases and vapors before entry. Provide appropriate respiratory protection (e.g., air-purifying respirators or SCBAs). Ventilate the space to remove contaminants. Continuously monitor the atmosphere during entry.
Flammable Gases/Vapors [6]	Fire, explosion	Test the atmosphere for flammable gases and vapors before entry. Ensure the concentration is below 10% of the lower explosive limit (LEL). Use non-sparking tools and explosion-proof equipment. Eliminate ignition sources.
Engulfment [8]	Suffocation, crushing	Eliminate the potential for engulfment by isolating and locking out sources of liquids or solids. Ensure the space is free of loose materials. Use appropriate shoring or barriers if necessary.
Mechanical Hazards (moving parts) [9]	Crushing, amputation, entanglement	Lockout and tagout all mechanical equipment before entry. Verify that equipment is de-energized and cannot be accidentally started. Use barriers or guards to prevent contact with moving parts.
Temperature Extremes (heat) [6]	Heat stress, heat stroke, burns	Provide ventilation to reduce heat buildup. Provide cooling equipment (e.g., fans, cooling vests). Ensure entrants are hydrated and take frequent breaks. Monitor entrants for signs of heat stress.
Noise [6]	Hearing damage, communication interference	Provide hearing protection (e.g., earplugs, earmuffs). Use noise-reducing equipment where possible. Ensure clear communication methods are in place.
Electrical Hazards [6]	Electrocution, burns	De-energize and lockout electrical equipment before entry. Use ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs). Inspect electrical cords and equipment for damage.

5\. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

All personnel entering confined spaces must use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect against potential hazards. PPE must be inspected before each use to ensure it is in good condition.

Hard Hat: To protect against head injuries from falling objects or bumping into overhead structures. [1]
Safety Glasses/Goggles: To protect against eye injuries from dust, debris, or chemical splashes. [1]
Gloves: To protect against skin contact with chemicals, sharp objects, or hot surfaces. The type of glove must be appropriate for the specific hazards present. [1]
Respiratory Protection: A respirator (air-purifying or supplied-air) to protect against inhalation of hazardous gases, vapors, or dusts. The type of respirator must be appropriate for the specific hazards present. [1]
Protective Clothing: Appropriate clothing to protect against skin contact with chemicals, hot surfaces, or other hazards. This may include coveralls, aprons, or specialized suits. [11]

Respirators: Inspect for damage and ensure a proper fit. Clean and sanitize after each use. Store in a clean, dry place. Harnesses and Lifelines: Inspect for fraying, cuts, or other damage. Ensure buckles and D-rings are in good working order. Clean with mild soap and water. Gloves: Inspect for punctures, tears, or chemical damage. Replace as needed. Eye Protection: Inspect for cracks or scratches. Clean with appropriate lens cleaner.

6\. Equipment and Tools

All equipment and tools used in confined spaces must be inspected before each use to ensure they are in good working condition. Any defective equipment must be removed from service immediately.

Gas Monitor: A calibrated multi-gas meter capable of measuring oxygen levels, flammable gases, and toxic contaminants. The monitor must have audible and visual alarms. [11]
Ventilation Equipment: A portable blower or fan to provide fresh air ventilation to the confined space. The equipment must be explosion-proof if flammable gases may be present. [10]
Retrieval System: A safety harness and lifeline for each entrant, along with a winch or tripod for retrieval in case of emergency. The system must be capable of supporting the weight of the entrant. [11]
Communication Device: A two-way radio or other communication device to maintain constant contact between entrants and the attendant. [1]
Explosion-Proof Lighting: Portable lighting that is approved for use in hazardous atmospheres. [11]

Gas Monitors: Calibrate before each use and verify sensors are functioning correctly. Inspect for damage and ensure the battery is fully charged. Ventilation Equipment: Inspect hoses and connections for leaks or damage. Ensure the fan is operating correctly and providing adequate airflow. Retrieval Systems: Inspect the lifeline for fraying or damage. Ensure the winch and braking mechanism are functioning correctly. Lighting: Use explosion-proof lighting and inspect for damage to cords and bulbs.

7\. Pre-Job Requirements

7\.1 Training and Competency

Training and Competency: All employees involved in confined space entry must receive comprehensive training on the hazards of confined spaces, entry procedures, use of PPE, and emergency response. Training must be conducted by a qualified instructor and documented. Refresher training must be conducted at least annually or whenever there are changes in procedures or equipment. [3]

7\.2 Pre-Job Briefing

Pre-Job Briefing: A pre-job briefing must be conducted before each entry to discuss the hazards, control measures, entry procedures, and emergency plan. All entrants, attendants, and the entry supervisor must participate in the briefing. The briefing must be documented. [1]

7\.3 Work Area Preparation

Work Area Preparation: Before entry, the work area around the confined space must be cleared of obstructions and hazards. Warning signs and barriers must be erected to prevent unauthorized entry. The area must be adequately lit, and ventilation equipment must be set up to provide fresh air. [2]

8\. Safe Work Procedure Steps

1\. Hazard Assessment: A competent person must conduct a hazard assessment to identify all potential hazards associated with the confined space. This includes atmospheric hazards, physical hazards, and any other potential dangers. [12]
2\. Permit Issuance: An entry permit must be completed and signed by the entry supervisor before any entry is allowed. The permit must include the purpose of entry, identified hazards, control measures, required PPE, and emergency procedures. The permit must be posted at the entrance of the confined space. [3]
3\. Atmospheric Testing: Before entry, the atmosphere within the confined space must be tested for oxygen levels, flammable gases, and toxic contaminants. Testing must be conducted using calibrated direct-reading instruments. The results must be recorded on the entry permit. [7]
4\. Ventilation: If atmospheric hazards are identified, the confined space must be ventilated to remove contaminants and maintain a safe atmosphere. Ventilation must continue throughout the entry. [10]
5\. Lockout/Tagout: All energy sources that could pose a hazard to entrants must be locked out and tagged out before entry. This includes electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic energy sources. [1]
6\. Entry: Entrants must use a safety harness and lifeline when entering the confined space. The lifeline must be attended by the attendant outside the space. Entrants must continuously monitor the atmosphere and communicate with the attendant. [10]
7\. Attendant Duties: The attendant must remain outside the confined space at all times while entrants are inside. The attendant must monitor the entrants, maintain communication, and be prepared to initiate rescue procedures if necessary. The attendant must not enter the confined space unless properly trained and equipped for rescue. [2]
8\. Continuous Monitoring: The atmosphere within the confined space must be continuously monitored during entry to ensure that hazards do not develop. If any hazardous conditions are detected, all entrants must evacuate immediately. [1]
9\. Emergency Procedures: In the event of an emergency, the attendant must immediately notify emergency services and initiate rescue procedures. All entrants must be evacuated from the confined space. First aid and CPR must be administered if necessary. [5]
10\. Permit Termination: Once the work is completed and all entrants have exited the confined space, the entry permit must be terminated by the entry supervisor. The permit must be reviewed and filed for one year. [3]

9\. Precautions and Safety Measures

Never enter a confined space without a valid entry permit. [2]
Always test the atmosphere before entry and continuously monitor it during entry. [4]
Use appropriate PPE, including respiratory protection, hearing protection, and protective clothing. [1]
Ensure proper ventilation to maintain a safe atmosphere. [4]
Maintain constant communication between entrants and the attendant. [4]

10\. Emergency Procedures

10\.1 General Emergency Response

In the event of an emergency, such as a hazardous atmosphere alarm, entrant injury, or equipment failure, the following steps shall be taken: 1\. Evacuate the confined space immediately. 2\. The attendant shall immediately notify the emergency services. 3\. The attendant shall provide first aid and CPR if trained to do so. 4\. Keep unauthorized personnel away from the confined space. 5\. Follow the instructions of the emergency services personnel upon arrival.

10\.2 Specific Emergency Scenarios

Hazardous Atmosphere Alarm: If the gas monitor alarms, all entrants must evacuate immediately. The space must be re-evaluated, and the source of the hazardous atmosphere identified and controlled before re-entry. Ventilation must be increased, and the atmosphere re-tested.
Entrant Injury or Illness: The attendant must immediately call for emergency services and provide first aid. If safe, the entrant should be removed from the space using retrieval equipment. The attendant should never enter the space unless properly trained and equipped for rescue.
Equipment Failure: If any equipment fails (e.g., ventilation, gas monitor), all entrants must evacuate immediately. The equipment must be repaired or replaced before re-entry. The supervisor must reassess the space and permit.

11\. Incident Reporting and Investigation

All incidents, including near misses and injuries, must be reported to the supervisor immediately. A written report must be submitted within 24 hours of the incident. The report should include a detailed description of the incident, the cause of the incident, and any corrective actions taken.

A thorough investigation must be conducted to determine the root cause of the incident. The investigation team should include representatives from safety, supervision, and the workforce. The investigation findings must be documented, and corrective actions implemented to prevent recurrence.

Approved by: \[NAME AND POSITION]

Date: \[APPROVAL DATE]

Safety powered by SALUS

12 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Confined Space Entry Permit

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# Entry permit (continued) <table><tr><th>Possible atmospheric hazards</th><th>Yes</th><th>No</th><th>N/A</th></tr><tr><td>Lack of oxygen</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Combustible gases</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Combustible vapors</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Combustible dusts</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Toxic gases/vapors</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Possible non-atmospheric hazards</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>Noise</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chemical contact</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electrical hazard</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mechanical exposure</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Temperature extreme</td><td></td><td>୮</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Engulfment</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Entrapment</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other non-atmospheric hazard</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> <table><tr><th colspan="2">Space-monitoring results</th><th>Test 1</th><th>Test 2</th><th>Test 3</th><th>Test 4</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Monitor at least every four hours</td><td rowspan="2">Permissible entry levels</td><td>Time:</td><td>Time:</td><td>Time:</td><td>Time:</td></tr><tr><td>Initial:</td><td>Initial:</td><td>Initial:</td><td>Initial:</td></tr><tr><td>Percent oxygen</td><td>19.5% to 23.5%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Combustible gas</td><td>Less than 10% LEL</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other toxic gas</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other toxic gas</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other toxic gas</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> This permit has been terminated for the following reason: Work completed Canceled Time: Note: Supervisor's signature Time: Date: Return this completed permit to Review, then file for one year…

[2] Confined Space Entry Permit

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# Confined space entry permit Permit date: <empty> Work shift: [ ] 1st [ ] 2nd [ ] 3rd Expires: <empty> Time started: <empty> Permit space to be entered (name and location of space): <empty> Purpose of entry: <empty> ## Names of trained, authorized individuals Emergency contact information Entry supervisor: Emergency responder: Entry attendant: Contact person: Authorized entrants: Phone number: Authorized entrants: Time: ## Pre-entry checklist Do not enter this permit space until the following "needs action" conditions are corrected: <table><tr><th>OK</th><th>Needs action</th><th></th></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Before entering the permit space, the supervisor or designee must notify the rescue team. IDLH conditions require at least one rescue team member located outside the space.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>A minimum of two employees must be assigned to work involving permit space entry. One employee must remain outside the permit space at all times</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>The surrounding area must be surveyed to show that it is free of hazards such as drifting vapors from tanks, piping, sewers, or vehicle exhaust.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Those responsible for operation of the gas monitor have been trained.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Gas monitor calibration tests and functional test (fresh air calibration) have been performed this shift on the gas monitor. If so, by whom?</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>The atmosphere will be continuously monitored while the space is occupied, if required by entry procedure.</td></tr></table> <table><tr><th colspan="8">Pre-entry requirements</th></tr><tr><td>Requirements</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>N/A</td><td>Requirements</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>Lockout-tagout/de-energize</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Hot work permit</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipes(s) broken or capped or blanked</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Fall …

[3] Cal/OSHA Regulations | Chapter 4 | Subchapter 7: General Industry Safety Orders | §5157. Permit-Required Confined Spaces, Appendix D-1. Confined Space Entry Permit

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<table><tr><th>Is it current?</th><th colspan="4">( C ) ( = )</th></tr><tr><td>9. Equipment:</td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td>Direct reading gas monitor.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>tested</td><td>( )</td><td></td><td>( )</td><td>( )</td></tr><tr><td>Safety harnesses and lifelines for entry and standby persons</td><td>( )</td><td></td><td>( )</td><td>( )</td></tr><tr><td>Hoisting equipment</td><td>( )</td><td></td><td>( )</td><td>000</td></tr><tr><td>Powered communications</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SCBA's for entry and standby persons</td><td>000000 ( )</td><td></td><td>CCCCCC ( )</td><td>( )</td></tr><tr><td>Protective Clothing</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>( CC )</td></tr><tr><td>All electric equipment listed Class I, Division I, Group D and Non-sparking tools</td><td>( )</td><td></td><td>( )</td><td>( C )</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">10. Periodic atmospheric tests:</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oxygen % Time</td><td>Oxygen</td><td>%</td><td>Time</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oxygen % Time</td><td>Oxygen</td><td>%</td><td>Time</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Explosive % Time</td><td>Explosive</td><td>%</td><td>Time</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Explosive % Time</td><td>Explosive</td><td>%</td><td>Time</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Toxic % Time</td><td>Toxic</td><td>%</td><td>Time</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Toxic % Time</td><td>Toxic</td><td>%</td><td>Time</td><td></td></tr></table> We have reviewed the work authorized by this permit and the information contained here-in. Written instructions and safety procedures have been received and are understood. Entry cannot be approved if any squares are marked in the "No" column. This permit is not valid unless all appropriate items are completed. Permit Prepared By: (Supervisor). Approved By: (Unit Supervisor)_ Reviewed By (Cs Operations Personnel) : (printed name) (signature) This permit to be kept at job site. Return job site copy to Safety Office …

[4] Confined Space Entry

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WORK SAFE KENTUCKY Free safety resources provided by KEMI HOME SAFETY RESOURCES SAFETY TRAINING SAFETY BLOG ABOUT KEMI CONTACT US O # Confined Space Entry ## Print a Sign-In Sheet | Spanish Version Coming Soon ## What is a Confined Space? The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permit- required confined space standard defines a confined space as a space that is large enough for an employee to enter, has restricted means of entry or exit, and is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. A permit-required confined space (permit space) is a confined space that presents or has the potential for hazards related to atmospheric conditions (toxic, flammable, asphyxiating), engulfment, conflagration, or any other recognized serious hazard. Regulations governing entry into confined spaces are specified by OSHA. You can find these regulations at 29 CFR 1910.146. Examples of confined spaces include ship compartments, missile fuel tanks, vats, silos, sewers, tunnels, and vaults. ## Hazards Confined Space Hazards Dangerous vapors and gases can accumulate in confined spaces. Fires, explosions, and physical hazards can also injure or kill an unprotected worker. Physical Hazards Physical hazards may result from mechanical equipment or moving parts, like agitators, blenders, and stirrers. Other physical hazards include heat and sound. Temperatures can build up quickly in a permit space and cause exhaustion or dizziness. Sounds may reverberate and make it hard to hear important directions or warnings. ## Oxygen Deficiency The primary hazard associated with confined spaces is oxygen deficiency. Oxygen may be reduced in a space either by displacement or consumption. Oxygen is displaced by other gases such as argon, nitrogen, r methane. Consumption may be caused by chemical reactions such as rusting, rotting, fermentation, or burning of flammable substances. ## Combustibility Fire and explosion are serious dangers in permit spaces because fumes and…

[5] Cal/OSHA Regulations | Chapter 4 | Subchapter 7: General Industry Safety Orders | §5157. Permit-Required Confined Spaces, Appendix C - Examples of Permit-required Confined Space Programs

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# §5157. Permit-Required Confined Spaces, Appendix C - Examples of Permit-required Confined Space Programs. (cont.) ## B. ENTRY PERMIT REQUIRED (cont.) Space Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation systems, where applicable, shall be set at 100% outside air. Where possible, open additional manholes to increase air circulation. Use portable blowers to augment natural circulation if needed. After a suitable ventilating period, repeat the testing. Entry may not begin until the testing has demonstrated that the hazardous atmosphere has been eliminated. Entry Procedures. The following procedure shall be observed under any of the following conditions: - 1.) Testing demonstrates the existence of dangerous or deficient conditions and additional ventilation cannot reduce concentrations to safe levels; - 2.) The atmosphere tests as safe but unsafe conditions can reasonably be expected to develop; - 3.) It is not feasible to provide for ready exit from spaces equipped with automatic fire suppression systems and it is not practical or safe to deactivate such systems; or - 4.) An emergency exists and it is not feasible to wait for pre-entry procedures to take effect. - All personnel must be trained. A self contained breathing apparatus shall be worn by any person entering the space. At least one worker shall stand by the outside of the space ready to give assistance in case of emergency. The standby worker shall have a self contained breathing apparatus available for immediate use. There shall be at least one additional worker within sight or call of the standby worker. Continuous powered communications shall be maintained between the worker within the confined space and standby personnel. - If at any time there is any questionable action or non-movement by the worker inside, a verbal check will be made. If there is no response, the worker will be moved immediately. Exception: If the worker is disabled due to falling or impact, he/she shall not be removed from the confined …

[6] Confined Space - Program

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# Confined Space - Program (cont.) ## What is a Confined Space Hazard Assessment and Control Program? (cont.) - Development of an emergency plan complete with training and equipment in case an unforeseen situation occurs. - An emergency response system. - Reporting and investigating incidents related to work in confined spaces. - Record and documentation control. - Program review whenever there is a change in circumstances or at least annually, to identify program weaknesses and make any necessary changes to the program. More information about confined spaces is located in the OSH Answers documents Confined Spaces - Introduction and Confined Space - Atmospheric Testing. ## What is an Entry Permit System? An entry permit is an administrative tool used to document the completion of a hazard and risk assessment for each confined space entry. Someone fully trained and experienced in confined space work should complete the entry permit. Some jurisdictions require a permit for all confined space entries. An entry permit is required for confined spaces where the hazard and risk assessment determined that the measures to control the risk involve the following: - atmospheric monitoring, - isolation, - lockout, - ventilation, - safeguarding devices, - respiratory protection, or - any other control that needs to be verified and documented in the permit as required by the assessment. Before entering a confined space, an entry permit should be completed. It should contain at least the following information: - The length of time the permit is valid for. - The name(s) of the worker(s) that are authorized to enter the confined space. - The name(s) of the attendant(s) (safety watch). - The name of the supervisor responsible for the work. - The location and description of the confined space. Confined Space - Program CCOHS

[7] Confined Space Entry

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# Confined Space Entry (cont.) ## Safety Blog (cont.) After you are sure that the oxygen level is adequate and there is nothing combustible in the space, test for toxicity. Notify your supervisor if pretests find hazards that you cannot adequately protect against. Follow-up testing may be periodic or continuous, depending on specific conditions. Because the work being done within a permit space may also change air quality, continuous testing may be needed to ensure worker safety. ## Purge and Ventilate the Space Some confined spaces may contain water, sediment, hazardous atmosphere, or other unwanted substances. These substances generally must be purged, that is, pumped out or otherwise removed, before entry. Use ventilating equipment where possible. Ventilation should maintain an oxygen level between 19.5 percent and 23.5 percent and keep toxic gases and vapors within accepted levels prescribed by OSHA. Where the entrance is large enough, portable self-contained breathing devices should be used unless the atmosphere is ventilated or has been determined to have no potential atmospheric hazards. If the entrance to a potentially hazardous atmosphere is too small, an air line mask should be used with supplied air. If there is any danger of disconnecting the air line, a 5 to 15-minute escape respirator containing breathing air should be carried. You might also need eye and hearing protection and protective clothing. ## Rescue Procedures At least one person should remain outside to summon help or offer assistance. If the employer designates this attendant to perform rescue procedures in addition to monitoring the safety of the confined space entrant, he or she should be equipped with the necessary PPE and rescue equipment and trained in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). He or she should maintain constant communication with those inside the space either visually, by radio, or by field telephone. If a situation arises that requires emergency entry,…

[8] Confined space/permit space evaluation survey

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# Confined space/permit space evaluation survey Name/description of this space Location of this space Person performing this survey Date of this survey <table><tr><th colspan="4">Section 1 - Use this section to determine if the space is a confined space</th></tr><tr><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>No </td><td>Is the space large enough and so configured that an employee can enter and perform assigned work?</td></tr><tr><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>No </td><td>Does the space have restricted means for entry or exit? Doorways and other portals through which a person can walk are normally not considered restricted means for entry or exit.</td></tr><tr><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>No </td><td>Is the space not designed for continuous employee occupancy?</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>If all three answers are Yes, this is a confined space. Proceed to Section 2.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Section 2― Use this section to determine if the space is a permit space</td></tr><tr><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>No </td><td>Does the space contain or have a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere? Examples: combustible dusts, flammable mixtures, or oxygen deficiency that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, or acute illness.</td></tr><tr><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>No</td><td>Does the space contain a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant? Examples: liquids or granular solids.</td></tr><tr><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>No </td><td>Does the space have an internal configuration such as inwardly converging walls or a sloping floor that could trap or asphyxiate an entrant?</td></tr><tr><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>No </td><td>Does the space contain another serious safety or health hazard? Examples: radiation, noise, electricity, and moving parts of machinery. If any answer is Yes, this is permit space. An entry permit is required for entry.</td></tr></table> 440-2864d (9/04/COM/WEB) Page 1 of 1 Confined space/permit space evaluation survey

[9] FACT SHEET: Confined space

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## Permit-required confined space (cont.) CONFINED SPACE - Decide if workers will enter (an important component of entry is hazard recognition; evaluate the magnitude of the hazard and who is affected, likelihood of hazard occurrence and consequences, and the potential for changing conditions) • Eliminate or control the hazards; maintain safe entry conditions for the duration of entry • Establish entry procedures and prepare an entry permit • Train employees on entry operations and their responsibilities • Plan for emergencies Written program elements: For fixed sites, your program must include the location of all permit spaces. You will need to develop a way for employees to identify the space as a permit space; signs, labels, or tags can be used to accomplish this. Your program must include: • A procedure for issuing an entry permit • Provisions for training employees about the written program and entry permits • Measures taken to prohibit unauthorized employees from entering permit spaces - The roles of entrants, attendants, entry supervisors, rescuers, and those who test or monitor the atmosphere in the space • Provisions for training employees about their roles • Duties of designated employees ● Instructions for identifying and evaluating hazards • Methods for eliminating or controlling hazards ● Instructions for using and maintaining equipment • Instructions for coordinating entry with another employer • Procedures for concluding entry and canceling the entry permit Entry permits: A permit is written authorization to enter a space and perform work. The permit has a number of components that must be completed before entry. These include the space to be entered and the purpose of the entry; date, start, and stop times; space hazards and acceptable entry conditions; names of entrants and attendants; equipment for safe entry; and monitoring results. The entry supervisor must sign the permit. Program and permit review: Permits must be reviewed…

[10] Confined Space - Program

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CCOHS CCHST Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail Confined Space # Confined Space - Program ## On this page What is a Confined Space Hazard Assessment and Control Program? What is an Entry Permit System? What should happen when work is being done in a confined space? What are some emergency response precautions? How many people must be present while work is being done in a confined space? Is worker training important? ## What is a Confined Space Hazard Assessment and Control Program? To manage the risks associated with working in confined spaces, employers must develop and implement a confined space hazard assessment and control program. A confined space hazard assessment and control program, specific to the work being conducted, should be written for work in each and every confined space. A confined space hazard assessment and control program should include the following: - Description of roles and responsibilities of each person or party (e.g., employer, supervisor, workers, attendants, and emergency response team). - Advice on how to identify confined spaces. - The identification and assessment of all potential hazards that may exist at the beginning of the work as well as those that may develop because of the work activities. - A procedure to conduct atmospheric testing and monitoring, as required. - A plan to eliminate or control all identified hazards. - Written work procedures. - Training program for all the workers that will enter into the confined spaces. - The establishment of an entry permit system for each entry into a confined space. Confined Space - Program CCOHS

[11] Not designed to be occupied: Oregon OSHA’s guide to confined space safety

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# The permit space program and the entry permit: [redacted phone](5) (cont.) ## You must also develop a procedure for issuing an entry permit that describes how to: (cont.) You must review an entry permit when there is any rea- son to believe employees are not protected. Situations that require a review include: ‣ Unauthorized entry ► When a new hazard is identified ▸ When a condition prohibited by the permit occurs during entry ▸ When an injury or near miss occurs during entry ▸ When an employee reports concerns about the permit's effectiveness or the procedure for issuing the permit When you revise a permit, do not allow anyone into the affected space until the revisions are complete. ## Permit entry: [redacted phone](6) Before workers enter a permit space, you must ensure that the hazards associated with the space have been eliminated or controlled. A completed entry permit ver- ifies that hazards have been eliminated or controlled and the space is safe. The entry supervisor must certify that the space is safe to enter, sign the entry permit, and post it on the space so that authorized entrants can see it. ## Establishing safe entry conditions ## Essential conditions for safe entry include: ▸ Guarding the space. Use warning signs or barriers to keep out unauthorized people and to protect entrants from falling objects. ▸ Isolating the space. Disconnect, lock out, or tag out hazardous equipment in the space. If you lock out equipment, remember that "lock out" includes testing to ensure the lockout method works. ▸ Testing the space for hazardous atmospheres. Test the atmosphere from outside the space for all potential atmospheric hazards, which may include oxygen; flammable gases, dusts, or vapors; toxic gases or vapors; and corrosive atmospheres. Provide entrants with test results. Re-test the space if an entrant believes that initial testing was inadequate. ▸ Eliminating or controlling hazardous atmospheres. Eliminate or control the hazards in the…

[12] MIOSHA Fact Sheet: Confined Space in Construction

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# MIOSHA Fact Sheet # Confined Space in Construction MIOSHA Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration Fatalities and injuries frequently occur among construction workers who, during the course of their jobs, are required to enter confined spaces. In some circumstances, these workers are exposed to a variety of hazardous atmospheric factors and physical agents. ## What is a Confined Space? A "confined space," as defined in Construction Standard Part 35, Confined Space in Construction means a space that, is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter it; has limited or restricted means for entry and exit; and is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. Below are some examples of confined spaces: • Storage tanks or process vessels • Bins or boilers • Ventilation ducts - Sewers or underground utility vaults • Tunnels (after construction is completed) • Pipelines • New manholes and new sewer pipe (installed and/or stored on construction sites) • Attics, crawl spaces and elevator pits • Open top spaces such as tubs, vaults, and vessels ## General Requirements Before beginning work at a worksite, each employer must ensure that a competent person identifies all confined spaces in which one or more of the employees it directs may work. After the space is determined to be a confined space the employer must determine if there is a hazard present that could require it be treated as a permit required confined space. The employer then must identify each space that is a permit space, through consideration and evaluation of the elements of that space, including testing as necessary. If the workplace contains one or more permit spaces, the employer who identifies, or who receives notice of, a permit space must: - Inform exposed employees by posting danger signs or by any other equally effective means, of the existence and location of, and the danger posed by, each permit space; and • Inform, in a timely manner, and in a …

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Publisher: SALUS
Final reviewer: Francis Langlois
Original answer: Nov 17, 2025

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Chemical safety Safety compliance Confined spaces Electrical safety Emergency response Equipment safety Hazard assessment Heat and cold stress Incident management Personal protective equipment Safety training

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3\.1 Supervisors

3\.2 Workers

3\.3 Health and Safety Representative

7\.1 Training and Competency

7\.2 Pre-Job Briefing

7\.3 Work Area Preparation

10\.1 General Emergency Response

10\.2 Specific Emergency Scenarios

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