electrical wiring

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - (i) You must identify devices such as pressure terminal or pressure splicing connectors and soldering lugs for the material of the conductor and you must properly install and use them; - (ii) Conductors of dissimilar metals may not be intermixed in a terminal or splicing connector where physical contact occurs between dissimilar conductors (such as copper and aluminum, copper and copper-clad aluminum, or aluminum and copper-clad aluminum) unless the device is identified for the purpose and conditions of use; and - (iii) Materials such as solder, fluxes, inhibitors, and compounds, where employed, must be suitable for the use and must be of a type that will not adversely affect the conductors, installation, or equipment. ## (b) Terminals . - (i) Connection of conductors to terminal parts must ensure a good connection without damaging the conductors and must be made by means of pressure connectors (including set-screw type), solder lugs, or splices to flexible leads. However, No. 10 or smaller conductors may be connected by means of wire binding screws or studs and nuts having upturned lugs or equivalent. - (ii) You must identify terminals for more than one conductor and terminals used to connect aluminum as such. ## (c) Splices . - (i) You must splice or join conductors with splicing devices identified for the use or by brazing, welding, or soldering with a fusible metal or alloy. You must first splice or join soldered splices to be mechanically and electrically secure without solder and then soldered. You must cover all splices and joints and the free ends of conductors an insulation equivalent to that of the conductors or with an insulating device identified for the purpose. - (ii) You must list wire connectors or splicing means installed on conducto…

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## WIRING METHODS, COMPONENTS, & EQUIPMENT FOR GENERAL USE - (C) Receptacles shall be of the grounding type. Unless installed in a complete metallic raceway, each branch circuit shall contain a separate equipment grounding conductor, and all receptacles shall be electrically connected to the grounding conductor. Receptacles for uses other than temporary lighting shall not be installed on branch circuits which supply temporary lighting. Receptacles shall not be connected to the same ungrounded conductor of multiwire circuits which supply temporary lighting. - (D) Disconnecting switches or plug connectors shall be installed to permit the disconnection of all ungrounded conductors of each temporary circuit. - (E) All lamps for general illumination shall be protected from accidental contact or breakage. Metal-case sockets shall be grounded. - (F) Temporary lights shall not be suspended by their electric cords unless cords and lights are designed for this means of suspension. - (G) Portable electric lighting used in wet and/or other conductive locations, as for example, drums, tanks, and vessels, shall be operated at 12 volts or less. However, 120-volt lights may be used if protected by a ground-fault circuit interrupter. - (H) A box shall be used wherever a change is made to a raceway system or a cable system which is metal clad or metal sheathed. - (I) Flexible cords and cables shall be protected from damage. Sharp corners and projections shall be avoided. Flexible cords and cables may pass through doorways or other pinch points, if protection is provided to avoid damage. - (J) Extension cord sets used with portable electric tools and appliances shall be of three-wire type and shall be designed for hard or extra-hard usage. Flexible cords used with temporary and portable lights shall be designed for hard or extrahard usage. - Note: The National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, in Article 400, Table 400-4, lists various types of flexible cords, some of which …

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - (ii) For connecting lighting fixtures to the branch-circuit conductors supplying the fixtures. - (c) Uses not permitted . Fixture wires may not be used as branch-circuit conductors except as permitted for Class 1 power limited circuits and for fire alarm circuits. ## (10) Equipment for general use . ## (a) Lighting fixtures, lampholders, lamps, and receptacles . - (i) Fixtures, lampholders, lamps, rosettes, and receptacles may have no live parts normally exposed to employee contact. However, rosettes and cleat-type lampholders and receptacles located at least 8 feet above the floor may have exposed terminals. - (ii) Handlamps of the portable type supplied through flexible cords must be equipped with a handle of molded composition or other material identified for the purpose, and a substantial guard must be attached to the lampholder or the handle. Metal shell, paper-lined lampholders may not be used. - (iii) Lampholders of the screw-shell type must be installed for use as lampholders only. Where supplied by a circuit having a grounded conductor, the grounded conductor must be connected to the screw shell. Lampholders installed in wet or damp locations must be of the weatherproof type. - (iv) Fixtures installed in wet or damp locations must be identified for the purpose and must be so constructed or installed that water cannot enter or accumulate in wireways, lampholders, or other electrical parts. ## (b) Receptacles, cord connectors, and attachment plugs (caps) . - (i) All 15- and 20-ampere attachment plugs and connectors must be constructed so that there are no exposed current-carrying parts except the prongs, blades, or pins. The cover for wire terminations must be a part that is essential for the operation of an attachment plug or connector (…

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## BRANCH CIRCUITS / WIRING DESIGN & PROTECTION - (c) Before each day's use, visually inspect each extension cord, or other device, and any equipment connected by cord and plug, for external defects, such as deformed or missing pins or insulation damage, and for signs of possible internal damage. Extension cords, devices and receptacles not exposed to damage are exempt from this inspection. Do not use damaged or defective equipment. - (d) Do these tests on all extension cords, other devices and receptacles that are not part of the permanent wiring of the building or structure, and cord- and plug-connected equipment required to be grounded: - (A) Test all equipment grounding conductors for continuity. - (B) Test each receptacle or plug to assure the equipment grounding conductor is connected to its proper terminal. - (e) Do all required tests: - (A) Before first use; - (B) Before first use after repair; - (C) Before use after any incident that reasonably could cause damage (for example, when a cord set is run over); and - (D) At intervals not longer than 3 months. Inspect fixed extension cords, other devices and receptacles not exposed to damage at least every 6 months. - (f) Record all tests required in this paragraph. This test record must identify each receptacle, cord set, and cord- and plug-connected equipment that passed the test and indicate the last date of testing or the test interval. Keep this record by means of logs, color coding, or other effective means. Keep the record until replaced by a newer record. The record must be available on the job site for inspection by the Administrator and any affected employee. - (2) Outlet devices. Outlet devices shall have an ampere rating not less than the load to be served and shall comply with the following: - (i) Single receptacles. A single receptacle installed on an individual branch circuit shall have an ampere rating of not less than that of the branch circuit. - (ii) Two or more receptacles. Where con…

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## WIRING DESIGN & PROTECTION - (iii) Clearance from building openings. Conductors shall have a clearance of at least 3 feet (914 mm) from windows, doors, fire escapes, or similar locations. Conductors run above the top level of a window are considered to be out of reach from that window and, therefore, do not have to be 3 feet (914 mm) away. - (iv) Clearance over roofs. Conductors above roof space accessible to employees on foot shall have a clearance from the highest point of the roof surface of not less than 8 feet (2.44 m) vertical clearance for insulated conductors, not less than 10 feet (3.05 m) vertical or diagonal clearance for covered conductors, and not less than 15 feet (4.57 m) for bare conductors, except that: - (A) Where the roof space is also accessible to vehicular traffic, the vertical clearance shall not be less than 18 feet (5.49 m), or - (B) Where the roof space is not normally accessible to employees on foot, fully insulated conductors shall have a vertical or diagonal clearance of not less than 3 feet (914 mm), or - (C) Where the voltage between conductors is 300 volts or less and the roof has a slope of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in 12 inches (305 mm), the clearance from roofs shall be at least 3 feet (914 mm), or - (D) Where the voltage between conductors is 300 volts or less and the conductors do not pass over more than 4 feet (1.22 m) of the overhang portion of the roof and they are terminated at a through-the-roof raceway or support, the clearance from roofs shall be at least 18 inches (457 mm). - (2) Location of outdoor lamps. Lamps for outdoor lighting shall be located below all live conductors, transformers, or other electric equipment, unless such equipment is controlled by a disconnecting means that can be locked in the open position or unless adequate clearances or other safeguards are provided for relamping operations. ## (d) Services. - (1) Disconnecting means. - (i) General. Means shall be provided to disconnect all …

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - (e) Fountains . You must protect all electric equipment, including power supply cords, operating at more than 15 volts and used with fountains by ground-fault circuit interrupters. - (11) Carnivals, circuses, fairs, and similar events . This subsection covers the installation of portable wiring and equipment, including wiring in or on all structures, for carnivals, circuses, exhibitions, fairs, traveling attractions, and similar events. - (a) Protection of electric equipment . You must provide electric equipment and wiring methods in or on rides, concessions, or other units with mechanical protection where such equipment or wiring methods are subject to physical damage. - (b) Installation . - (i) You must install services in accordance with applicable requirements of this part, and, in addition, they must comply with the following: - (A) Service equipment may not be installed in a location that is accessible to unqualified persons, unless the equipment is lockable; and - (B) You must mount service equipment on solid backing and installed so as to be protected from the weather, unless the equipment is of weatherproof construction. - (ii) You must maintain amusement rides and amusement attractions not less than 15 feet in any direction from overhead conductors operating at 600 volts or less, except for the conductors supplying the amusement ride or attraction. Amusement rides or attractions may not be located under or within 15 feet horizontally of conductors operating in excess of 600 volts. - (iii) You must list flexible cords and cables listed for extra-hard usage. When used outdoors, you must also list flexible cords and cables for wet locations and must be sunlight resistant. - (iv) Single conductor cable must be size No. 2 or larger. - (v) Open con…

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Division 2 AO 2-2017 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division ## 1 3.05 meters (10 feet) plus 0.10 meters (4 inches for every 10 kilovolts over 50 kilovolts). Appendix A- 4 to Subdivision RR -- Application of 1910.147, Division 2/RR and 1910.333 to Hazardous Energy Control Procedures (Lockout/Tagout). <!-- image --> - 1 If a generation, transmission, or distribution installation conforms to 1910.302 through 1910.308, the lockout and tagging procedures of 1910.333(b) may be followed for electric-shock hazards. - 2 This means commingled to the extent that the electric power generation, transmission, or distribution installation poses the greater hazard. - 3 Paragraphs (b)(2)(iii)(D) and (b)(2)(iv)(B) of 1910.333 still apply. - 4 Paragraph (b) of 1910.333 applies to any electrical hazards from work on, near, or with electric conductors and equipment.

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ## WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] Hazardous (classified) locations. ## (1) Scope . - (a) Applicability . This section covers the requirements for electric equipment and wiring in locations that are classified depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids or gases, or combustible dusts or fibers that may be present therein and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Hazardous (classified) locations may be found in occupancies such as, but not limited to, the following: Aircraft hangars, gasoline dispensing and service stations, bulk storage plants for gasoline or other volatile flammable liquids, paintfinishing process plants, health care facilities, agricultural or other facilities where excessive combustible dusts may be present, marinas, boat yards, and petroleum and chemical processing plants. You must consider each room, section or area individually in determining its classification. ## (b) Classifications . - (i) These hazardous (classified) locations are assigned the following designations: - (A) Class I, Division 1; - (B) Class I, Division 2; - (C) Class I, Zone 0; - (D) Class I, Zone 1; - (E) Class I, Zone 2; - (F) Class II, Division 1; - (G) Class II, Division 2; - (H) Class III, Division 1; - (I) Class III, Division 2. - (ii) For definitions of these locations, see WAC 296-24-990. - (c) Other sections of this part . All applicable requirements in this part apply to hazardous (classified)locations unless modified by provisions of this section. - (d) Division and zone classification . In Class I locations, an installation must be classified as using the division classification system meeting subsections (3) through (6) of this section or using the zone classification system mee…