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Em385 AHA for steel erection

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A comprehensive Activity Hazard Analysis (AHA) for steel erection, in accordance with EM 385-1-1, should address several key areas to ensure worker safety. Here's a breakdown of the hazards and control measures to consider:

Pre-Erection Planning and Site Conditions:

Hazards: Unstable ground conditions for cranes, inadequate foundation strength, and lack of proper site-specific erection plans 10, 15.
Control Measures: Ensure the controlling contractor provides written notification and documentation confirming that concrete footings and mortar have reached the required strength 10, 15. Conduct pre-shift inspections of cranes, checking ground conditions and ensuring the equipment is level 5, 19. Develop a site-specific erection plan addressing the sequence of erection, crane selection and placement, and coordination with other trades 9, 10, 16.

Hoisting and Rigging:

Hazards:吊Loads falling due to improper rigging, crane malfunctions, or failure to use tag lines [1].
Control Measures: Pre-plan all hoisting operations to ensure compliance with safety requirements 10, 16. Visually inspect cranes before each shift, paying attention to control mechanisms, safety devices, and hydraulic lines 5, 12. Use tag lines to control loads unless a qualified rigger determines they create a greater hazard [1]. Ensure that routes for suspended loads are pre-planned to avoid employees working directly below them, except for those engaged in initial connection or load hooking/unhooking [2].

Structural Steel Assembly:

Hazards: Loss of structural stability during erection, leading to collapses; tripping hazards from shear connectors 7, 8.
Control Measures: Maintain structural stability throughout the erection process [3]. Install permanent floors as erection progresses, limiting the number of stories between the erection floor and the uppermost permanent floor [3]. Ensure a fully planked or decked floor is maintained within two stories or 30 feet directly under erection work [3]. Prevent tripping hazards by attaching shear connectors after metal decking is installed [4].

Fall Protection:

Hazards: Falls from heights, especially from unprotected sides or edges [5].
Control Measures: Provide fall protection for employees on walking/working surfaces with unprotected sides or edges more than 15 feet above a lower level, using guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, or fall restraint systems [5]. Ensure connectors are protected from fall hazards of more than two stories or 30 feet above a lower level [5]. In Controlled Decking Zones (CDZ), limit access to trained employees engaged in leading-edge work and clearly mark boundaries 6, 20.

Falling Object Protection:

Hazards: Workers being struck by falling tools, equipment, or materials [5].
Control Measures: Secure all materials, equipment, and tools against accidental displacement when aloft [5]. Bar other construction processes below steel erection unless overhead protection is provided [5].

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Hazards: Injuries due to lack of appropriate PPE [6].
Control Measures: Personnel employed in steel erection must wear hard hats and protective footwear while on the job site [6]. Gloves, special protective clothing, and respirators should be worn as necessary [6].

Miscellaneous Hazards:

Hazards: Exposure to weather conditions, such as high winds or extreme temperatures.
Control Measures: Monitor weather conditions and halt operations if conditions become unsafe. Provide adequate shelter and hydration for workers in extreme temperatures.

Training and Competency:

Hazards: Lack of training leading to unsafe practices.
Control Measures: Ensure all employees, including connectors and those working in CDZs, have completed the necessary training [5]. Maintain records of qualified and competent persons on site [6].

By addressing these hazards and implementing the appropriate control measures, a steel erection project can be executed more safely and efficiently. Regular monitoring and review of the AHA are essential to adapt to changing site conditions and ensure continued safety.

6 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] HIOSH Construction Standards: Occupational Safety and Health (12-8-3)

Page 14

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Telephone: 1-[redacted phone]; FAX: (540) 3681722; www.atssa.com ; Institute of Transportation Engineers, [redacted street address], NW., Suite 300 West, Washington, DC [redacted identifier]; FAX: (202) 289-7722; www.ite.org ; and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; www.aashto.org ; Telephone: 1-[redacted phone]; FAX: 1-800-5255562. Electronic copies of the MUTCD 2000 are available for downloading at ttp://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/knomillennium . The document is available for inspection at the OSHA Docket Office, Room N2625, U.S. Department of Labor, [redacted street address], NW., Washington, DC [redacted postal code] or at the Office of the Federal Register, [redacted street address], NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC. - (3) The following requirements are added to 29 C.F.R., Part 1926, Subpart R: - (A) Personnel employed in steel erection shall always wear hard hats while on the job site. - (B) Protective footwear as defined in ANSI Z41-1999, shall always be worn while on the job site. - (C) Gloves, special protective clothing, respirators, and any other personal protective equipment shall be worn as necessary. - (D) There shall be maintained at the site a record of the identity of the Structural Engineer of Record (SER), all qualified persons and their area of expertise, and all competent persons for the steel erection activity. - (E) All approvals, certifications, authorizations, drawings, and plans required by this chapter shall be

[2] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 805

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Source excerpt

Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division AO 1-2011 Division 3 - (b) A description of the procedures and work practices that will be used to protect employees from falls and other hazards where it is necessary to walk/work on suspended loads. Employee(s) are allowed on suspended loads only when a competent person has determined that it is the safest way to accomplish a specific task or there is no other way to do the work. Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 3-2002, f. 4/15/02, ef. 4/18/02. ## 1926.753 Hoisting and Rigging - (a) All the provisions of Subpart CC apply to hoisting and rigging with the exception of 1926.1431(a). ## [redacted phone] Tag lines Tag lines shall be used to control loads except when it is determined, by a qualified rigger, that they create a hazard. Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 6-2002, f. 7/19/02, ef. 7/19/02. - 1926.753(b) In addition, paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section apply regarding the hazards associated with hoisting and rigging. - (c) General. - (1) Pre-shift visual inspection of cranes. - (i) Cranes being used in steel erection activities shall be visually inspected prior to each shift by a competent person; the inspection shall include observation for deficiencies during operation. At a minimum this inspection shall include the following: - (A) All control mechanisms for maladjustments; - (B) Control and drive mechanism for excessive wear of components and contamination by lubricants, water or other foreign matter; - (C) Safety devices, including but not limited to boom angle indicators, boom stops, boom kick out devices, anti-two block devices, and load moment indicators where required; - (D) Air, hydraulic, and other pressurized lines for deterioration or leakage, particularly those which flex in normal operation;

[3] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 809

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Source excerpt

Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Division 3 - (1) Tripping hazards. Shear connectors (such as headed steel studs, steel bars or steel lugs), reinforcing bars, deformed anchors or threaded studs shall not be attached to the top flanges of beams, joists or beam attachments so that they project vertically from or horizontally across the top flange of the member until after the metal decking, or other walking/working surface, has been installed. - (2) Installation of shear connectors on composite floors, roofs and bridge decks. When shear connectors are used in construction of composite floors, roofs and bridge decks, employees shall lay out and install the shear connectors after the metal decking has been installed, using the metal decking as a working platform. Shear connectors shall not be installed from within a controlled decking zone (CDZ), as specified in 1926.760(c)(8). ## (d) Plumbing-up. - (1) When deemed necessary by a competent person, plumbing-up equipment shall be installed in conjunction with the steel erection process to ensure the stability of the structure. - (2) When used, plumbing-up equipment shall be in place and properly installed before the structure is loaded with construction material such as loads of joists, bundles of decking or bundles of bridging. - (3) Plumbing-up equipment shall be removed only with the approval of a competent person. - (e) Metal decking. - (1) Hoisting, landing and placing of metal decking bundles. - (i) Bundle packaging and strapping shall not be used for hoisting unless specifically designed for that purpose. - (ii) If loose items such as dunnage, flashing, or other materials are placed on the top of metal decking bundles to be hoisted, such items shall be secured to the bundles. - (iii) Bundles of metal decking on joists shall be landed in accordance with 1926.757(e)(4). - (iv) Metal decking bundles shall be landed on framing members so that enough support is provided to allow the bundles to be unban…

[4] HIOSH Construction Standards: Occupational Safety and Health (12-8-3)

Page 18

Open source document

Source excerpt

- (H) Hydraulic system for proper fluid level; - (I) Tires for proper inflation and condition; - (J) Ground conditions around the hoisting equipment for proper support, including ground settling under and around outriggers, ground water accumulation, or similar conditions; - (K) The hoisting equipment for level position; and - (L) The hoisting equipment for level position after each move and setup. - (10) 29 C.F.R. §1926.753(c)(1)(iv) is amended to read as follows: The operator shall be responsible for those operations under the operator's direct control. Whenever there is any doubt as to safety, the operator shall have the authority to stop and refuse to handle loads, in accordance with section 12-577(b), until safety has been assured. - (11) 29 C.F.R. §1926.753(c)(5)(i) is amended to read as follows: During the hoisting and placing of purlins and single joists when the rigger, who shall be a qualified rigger, has determined that safety latched on hooks are a greater hazard, or - (12) 29 C.F.R. §1926.753(d)(1) is amended to read as follows: Routes for suspended loads shall be preplanned by the controlling contractor to ensure that no employee is required to work directly below a suspended load except for: - (A) Employees engaged in the initial connection of the steel; or - (B) Employees necessary for the hooking or unhooking of the load.

[5] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 821

Open source document

Source excerpt

Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Division 3 ## 1926.759 Falling Object Protection - (a) Securing loose items aloft. All materials, equipment, and tools, which are not in use while aloft, shall be secured against accidental displacement. - (b) Protection from falling objects other than materials being hoisted. The controlling contractor shall bar other construction processes below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided. Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 3-2002, f. 4/15/02, ef. 4/18/02. ## 1926.760 Fall Protection - (a) General requirements. - (1) Except as provided by paragraph (a)(3) of this section, each employee engaged in a steel erection activity who is on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 15 feet (4.6 m) above a lower level shall be protected from fall hazards by guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems or fall restraint systems. - (2) Perimeter safety cables. On multi-story structures, perimeter safety cables shall be installed at the final interior and exterior perimeters of the floors as soon as the metal decking has been installed. - (3) Connectors and employees working in controlled decking zones shall be protected from fall hazards as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, respectively. - (b) Connectors. Each connector shall: - (1) Be protected in accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section from fall hazards of more than two stories or 30 feet (9.1 m) above a lower level, whichever is less; - (2) Have completed connector training in accordance with 1926.761; and - (3) Be provided, at heights over 15 and up to 30 feet above a lower level, with a personal fall arrest system, positioning device system or fall restraint system and wear the equipment necessary to be able to be tied off; or be provided with other…

[6] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 808

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Source excerpt

Division 3 AO 1-2011 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (ii) Rigged from top down; and - (iii) Rigged at least 7 feet (2.1 m) apart. - (5) The members on the multiple lift rigging assembly shall be set from the bottom up. - (6) Controlled load lowering shall be used whenever the load is over the connectors. [66 FR 5265, Jan. 18, 2001, as amended at 75 FR [redacted postal code], Aug. 9, 2010] Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 3-2002, f. 4/15/02, ef. 4/18/02. OR-OSHA Admin. Order 1-2011, f. 2/9/11, ef. 2/9/11. ## 1926.754 Structural Steel Assembly - (a) Structural stability shall be maintained at all times during the erection process. Note to paragraph (a): Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) regulations incorporate by reference a number of standards, policies, and standard specifications published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and other organizations. (see 23 CFR 625.4). Many of these incorporated provisions may be relevant to maintaining structural stability during the erection process. For instance, as of May 17, 2010, in many cases FHWA requires a Registered Engineer to prepare and seal working drawings for falsework used in highway bridge construction. (See AASHTO Specifications for Highway Bridges, Div. II, 3.2.1, 15th edition, 1992, which FHWA incorporates by reference in 23 CFR 625.4). FHWA also encourages compliance with AASHTO Specifications that the FHWA regulations do not currently incorporate by reference. (See http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/lrfd/index.htm.) Note: OAR [redacted phone] requires use of a site-specific erection plan. - (b) The following additional requirements shall apply for multi-story structures: - (1) The permanent floors shall be installed as the erection of structural members progresses, and there shall be not more than eight stories between the…

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Publisher: SALUS
Final reviewer: Francis Langlois
Original answer: Jun 13, 2025

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Safety compliance Equipment safety Fall protection Hazard assessment Incident management Personal protective equipment Safety training

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