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entering manholes in occupied streets

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\[PRE TASK PLAN TITLE] ======================

Project: \[PROJECT NAME]

Date: 2025-08-22

Location: \[LOCATION]

Supervisor: \[SUPERVISOR NAME]

Task Overview

Confined space entry into manholes located in public right-of-ways and occupied streets, including hazard assessment, atmospheric monitoring, ventilation, personal protective equipment (PPE), and traffic control measures to ensure worker safety and regulatory compliance.

Expected Duration: Varies depending on the task; typically 4-8 hours

Number of Workers: Minimum of 3 (Entrant, Attendant, Supervisor)

Required PPE and Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment

  • Hard Hat: Provides head protection from impacts, falling objects, and electrical hazards. Must meet ANSI Z89\.1 standards. Ensure proper fit and suspension are intact.
  • Safety Glasses/Goggles: Protects eyes from dust, debris, and chemical splashes. Must meet ANSI Z87\.1 standards. Select appropriate lens tint for lighting conditions.
  • Safety Boots: Provides foot protection from impacts, punctures, and electrical hazards. Must meet ASTM F2413 standards. Select appropriate style for the work environment (e.g., steel-toe, EH-rated).
  • Appropriate Gloves: Gloves appropriate for the task to protect hands from cuts, abrasions, chemical exposure, and electrical hazards. Examples include: Leather gloves for general handling, Nitrile gloves for chemical resistance, Rubber gloves for electrical insulation. Ensure gloves are in good condition and fit properly.
  • Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) or Supplied Air Respirator (SAR): Used when atmospheric testing indicates hazardous conditions or potential for exposure to toxic gases. Must be NIOSH-approved and fit-tested. Ensure proper training on use, maintenance, and limitations.
  • High-Visibility Safety Apparel: High-visibility vest or clothing to ensure visibility to vehicular traffic and equipment operators. Must meet ANSI 107 standards. Ensure clothing is clean and in good condition.

Tools and Equipment

  • Multi-Gas Meter: Used to test the atmosphere for oxygen levels, flammable gases, and toxic substances (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide). Must be calibrated and maintained according to manufacturer's instructions. Ensure users are trained in proper operation and interpretation of readings.
  • Ventilation Blower: Used to provide continuous ventilation to the confined space. Ensure blower is properly grounded and positioned to avoid recirculation of contaminated air.
  • Ladder: Used for safe entry and exit from the manhole. Must be in good condition and secured properly.
  • Explosion-Proof Lighting: Used to illuminate the work area within the confined space. Must be explosion-proof and intrinsically safe.
  • Two-Way Radios: Used for communication between the entrant and attendant. Ensure clear communication is maintained at all times.

Hazard Analysis

Identified Hazards

HazardRisk LevelPotential Consequences
Oxygen deficiency or enrichmentHighAsphyxiation, impaired judgment, increased fire risk
Presence of toxic gases (e.g., H2S, CO)HighPoisoning, illness, death
Flammable or explosive atmosphereHighFire, explosion, burns
Engulfment hazards (e.g., water, sewage)HighDrowning, suffocation
Traffic hazardsMediumStruck by vehicle, injury, death
Slip, trip, and fall hazardsMediumSprains, fractures, head injuries
Electrical hazards (exposed wires, faulty equipment)MediumElectrocution, burns

Control Measures

  • Use a calibrated multi-gas meter. If levels are outside the acceptable range, do not enter until corrected.: Test the atmosphere before entry and continuously monitor during entry. Ensure oxygen content is between 19\.5% and 23\.0%. [6]
  • Use a ventilation blower to introduce fresh air. Ensure the blower is positioned to avoid recirculation of contaminated air. Continue ventilation during the entire entry.: Ventilate the confined space to remove hazardous atmospheres. [1]

[2]

  • Use cones, barricades, and signage to create a safe work zone. Use flaggers to direct traffic if necessary. Ensure high-visibility clothing is worn.: Implement traffic control measures to protect workers from vehicular traffic. [6]
  • Follow established lockout/tagout procedures. Verify isolation before entry.: Implement lockout/tagout procedures to de-energize and isolate any electrical equipment or other energy sources. [3]
  • Ensure PPE is in good condition, fits properly, and is used correctly. This includes hard hats, safety glasses, gloves, safety boots, and respiratory protection if required.: Provide appropriate PPE to all entrants. [3]

[5] [7]

  • The attendant must monitor the entrant, maintain communication, and be prepared to initiate rescue procedures.: Ensure a trained attendant is stationed outside the confined space. [8]
  • Complete a confined space entry permit before entry. The permit must identify hazards, control measures, and authorized entrants.: Implement a confined space entry permit program. [1]

[2] [4]

Emergency Procedures

Emergency Contact Information

  • Site Emergency: 911
  • First Aid: To be determined by site supervisor
  • Supervisor: To be determined by site supervisor

Emergency Response Steps

  1. Immediately call 911 for any serious injury or life-threatening situation.
  2. Remove the entrant from the confined space if it is safe to do so. Use retrieval equipment if available.
  3. Administer first aid and CPR as needed.
  4. Secure the area to prevent further incidents.
  5. Notify the supervisor and complete an incident report.

Evacuation Routes

Evacuation routes will be determined based on the location of the manhole and potential hazards. Primary and secondary routes will be identified during the pre-entry briefing. Routes should be clear of obstructions and provide a safe path away from the manhole and any traffic hazards.

Designated assembly point will be determined on site based on the location of the manhole and potential hazards. The assembly point should be upwind and away from the manhole opening.

Required Permits and Certifications

  • Confined Space Entry Permit - Required before any entry into the manhole. The permit must be completed and signed by the entry supervisor.
  • Hot Work Permit - Required if any hot work (e.g., welding, cutting) is to be performed inside the confined space.
  • Traffic Control Permit - Required if work will affect public traffic flow.
  • Competent Person Certification - Personnel performing atmospheric testing and confined space entry must be trained and certified as competent.

Additional Safety Considerations

  • Ensure all workers are trained on confined space entry procedures, hazard recognition, and emergency response. [1]

[2]

  • Conduct a pre-entry briefing to discuss the hazards, control measures, and emergency procedures.
  • Continuously monitor the atmosphere during entry and work. If alarm conditions change adversely, entry personnel shall exit the confined space and a new confined space permit issued. [1]

[2]

  • Ensure proper communication between the entrant and the attendant at all times.
  • Prevent unauthorized entry into the confined space. [3]

[6]

Pre-Task Plan Verification

By signing below, you acknowledge that you have reviewed and understand this pre-task safety plan:

Supervisor: _________________________ Date: __________

Safety Representative: _________________________ Date: __________

Workers:

  1. Name: _________________________ Signature: _________________________ Date: __________
  2. Name: _________________________ Signature: _________________________ Date: __________
  3. Name: _________________________ Signature: _________________________ Date: __________

This pre-task plan must be reviewed and updated if conditions or scope of work changes.

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8 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)

Page 10

Open source document

Source excerpt

# 1926.1204 PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM Each entry employer must: 1926.1204(a) Implement the measures necessary to prevent unauthorized entry; - 1926.1204(b) Identify and evaluate the hazards of permit spaces before employees enter them; - 1926.1204(c) Develop and implement the means, procedures, and practices necessary for safe permit space entry operations, including, but not limited to, the following: - 1926.1204(c)(1) Specifying acceptable entry conditions; - 1926.1204(c)(2) Providing each authorized entrant or that employee's authorized representative with the opportunity to observe any monitoring or testing of permit spaces; - 1926.1204(c)(3) Isolating the permit space and physical hazard(s) within the space; - 1926.1204(c)(4) Purging, inerting, flushing, or ventilating the permit space as necessary to eliminate or control atmospheric hazards; - Note to paragraph (c)(4). When an employer is unable to reduce the atmosphere below 10 percent LFL, the employer may only enter if the employer inerts the space so as to render the entire atmosphere in the space non- combustible, and the employees use PPE to address any other atmospheric hazards (such as oxygen deficiency), and the employer eliminates or isolates all physical hazards in the space. - 1926.1204(c)(5) Determining that, in the event the ventilation system stops working, the monitoring procedures will detect an increase in atmospheric hazard levels in sufficient time for the entrants to safely exit the permit space; - 1926.1204(c)(6) Providing pedestrian, vehicle, or other barriers as necessary to protect entrants from external hazards; - 1926.1204(c)(7) Verifying that conditions in the permit space are acceptable for entry throughout the duration of an authorized entry, and ensuring that employees are not allowed to enter into, or remain in, a permit space with a hazardous atmosphere unless the employer can demonstrate that personal protective equipment (PPE) will provide effective pr…

[2] Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHA 29 CFR 1910) - 1910.146 App C - Examples of Permit-required Confined Space Programs

Page 3

Open source document

Source excerpt

# Occupational Safety and Health Administration (cont.) ## B. Entry Permit Required - Permits. Confined Space Entry Permit. All spaces shall be considered permit-required confined spaces until the pre-entry procedures demonstrate otherwise. Any employee required or permitted to pre-check or enter a permit-required confined space shall have successfully completed, as a minimum, the training as required by the following sections of these procedures. A written copy of operating and rescue procedures as required by these procedures shall be at the work site for the duration of the job. The Confined Space Entry Permit must be completed before approval can be given to enter a permit-required confined space. This permit verifies completion of items listed below. This permit shall be kept at the job site for the duration of the job. If circumstances cause an interruption in the work or a change in the alarm conditions for which entry was approved, a new Confined Space Entry Permit must be completed. - Control of atmospheric and engulfment hazards. - Surveillance. The surrounding area shall be surveyed to avoid hazards such as drifting vapors from tanks, piping or sewers. - Testing. The confined space atmosphere shall be tested to determine whether dangerous air contamination and/or oxygen deficiency exists. A direct reading gas monitor shall be used. Testing shall be performed by the SUPERVISOR who has successfully completed the gas detector training for the monitor he will use. The minimum parameters to be monitored are oxygen deficiency, LFL and hydrogen sulfide concentration. A written record of the pre- entry test results shall be made and kept at the work site for the duration of the job. Affected employees shall be able to review the testing results. The most hazardous conditions shall govern when work is being performed in two adjoining, connected spaces. - Space Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation systems, where applicable, shall be set at 100% outside air. Wh…

[3] General Industry Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)

Page 16

Open source document

Source excerpt

# APPENDIX C EXAMPLES OF PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED (cont.) ## B. ENTRY PERMIT REQUIRED Permits. Confined Space Entry Permit. All spaces shall be considered permit-required confined spaces until the pre-entry procedures demonstrate otherwise. Any employee required or permitted to pre-check or enter a permit-required confined space shall have successfully completed, as a minimum, the training as required by the following sections of these procedures. A written copy of operating and rescue procedures as required by these procedures shall be at the work site for the duration of the job. The Confined Space Entry Permit must be completed before approval can be given to enter a permit-required confined space. This permit verifies completion of items listed below. This permit shall be kept at the job site for the duration of the job. If circumstances cause an interruption in the work or a change in the alarm conditions for which entry was approved, a new Confined Space Entry Permit must be completed. ## Control of atmospheric and engulfment hazards. Surveillance. The surrounding area shall be surveyed to avoid hazards such as drifting vapors from tanks, piping or sewers. Testing. The confined space atmosphere shall be tested to determine whether dangerous air contamination and/or oxygen deficiency exists. A direct reading gas monitor shall be used. Testing shall be performed by the SUPERVISOR who has successfully completed the gas detector training for the monitor he will use. The minimum parameters to be monitored are oxygen deficiency, LFL and hydrogen sulfide concentration. A written record of the pre-entry test results shall be made and kept at the work site for the duration of the job. Affected employees shall be able to review the testing results. The most hazardous conditions shall govern when work is being performed in two adjoining, connected spaces. Space Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation systems, where applicable, shall be set at 100% outside air. Where po…

[4] Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020 (Sask. Reg. 10/2020)

Page 151

Open source document

Source excerpt

151 (c) prepare a procedure for the removal of a worker who has become injured or incapacitated while in the confined space; and (d) ensure that the ventilation in the confined space is adequate to maintain safe atmospheric conditions. 31 Dec 2020 c S-15.1 Reg 10 s18-6. Entry plan 18‑7(1) If a worker will be required or permitted to enter a hazardous confined space, an employer, in consultation with the committee, shall develop a hazardous confined space entry plan to ensure the health and safety of workers who enter or work in the hazardous confined space. (2) A hazardous confined space entry plan must be in writing and must include: (a) the tests or measurements necessary to monitor any oxygen deficiency or enrichment or the presence and hazardous concentration of flammable or explosive substances; (b) the identification of any other hazards that may be present in the hazardous confined space and may put the health or safety of workers at risk; (c) the means, if any, of isolating the hazardous confined space; (d) the means, if any, of ventilating the hazardous confined space; (e) the procedures to enter, work in and exit from the hazardous confined space safely; (f) the availability, location and proper use of personal protective equipment; (g) the rescue procedures to be followed, including the number and duties of personnel and the availability, location and proper use of equipment; (h) the means to maintain effective communication with a worker who has entered the hazardous confined space; and (i) the availability, location and proper use of any other equipment that a worker may need to work safely in the hazardous confined space. (3) An employer shall ensure that the following workers are trained in and implement a hazardous confined space entry plan: (a) a worker who is required or permitted to enter the hazardous confined space; (b) a worker who attends a worker in the hazardous confined space pursuant …

[5] General Industry Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)

Page 16

Open source document

Source excerpt

# APPENDIX C EXAMPLES OF PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED (cont.) ## B. ENTRY PERMIT REQUIRED Permits. Confined Space Entry Permit. All spaces shall be considered permit-required confined spaces until the pre-entry procedures demonstrate otherwise. Any employee required or permitted to pre-check or enter a permit-required confined space shall have successfully completed, as a minimum, the training as required by the following sections of these procedures. A written copy of operating and rescue procedures as required by these procedures shall be at the work site for the duration of the job. The Confined Space Entry Permit must be completed before approval can be given to enter a permit-required confined space. This permit verifies completion of items listed below. This permit shall be kept at the job site for the duration of the job. If circumstances cause an interruption in the work or a change in the alarm conditions for which entry was approved, a new Confined Space Entry Permit must be completed. ## Control of atmospheric and engulfment hazards. Surveillance. The surrounding area shall be surveyed to avoid hazards such as drifting vapors from tanks, piping or sewers. Testing. The confined space atmosphere shall be tested to determine whether dangerous air contamination and/or oxygen deficiency exists. A direct reading gas monitor shall be used. Testing shall be performed by the SUPERVISOR who has successfully completed the gas detector training for the monitor he will use. The minimum parameters to be monitored are oxygen deficiency, LFL and hydrogen sulfide concentration. A written record of the pre-entry test results shall be made and kept at the work site for the duration of the job. Affected employees shall be able to review the testing results. The most hazardous conditions shall govern when work is being performed in two adjoining, connected spaces. Space Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation systems, where applicable, shall be set at 100% outside air. Where po…

[6] Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (Nu Reg 003-2016)

Page 131

Open source document

Source excerpt

# Temporary Protective Structures (cont.) ## Entry Plan (cont.) (d) the means, if any, of ventilating the hazardous confined space; (e) the procedures to enter, work in and exit from the hazardous confined space safely; (f) - the availability, location and proper use of personal protective equipment; (g) the rescue procedures to be followed, including the number and duties of personnel and the availability, location and proper use of equipment; (h) the means to maintain effective communication with a worker who has entered the hazardous confined space; and (i) the availability, location and proper use of any other equipment that a worker could need to work safely in the hazardous confined space. (3) An employer shall ensure that the following workers are trained in and implement a hazardous confined space entry plan: (a) a worker who is required or permitted to enter the hazardous confined space; (b) a worker who attends a worker in the hazardous confined space under subsection or subsection 281(5); (c) a worker who could be required or permitted to implement the rescue procedures referred to in paragraph (2)(g). (4) An employer shall make a copy of a hazardous confined space entry plan readily available at the entrance to the hazardous confined space. - Purging and Ventilating of Unsafe Atmosphere 280. (1) In addition to the requirements of section 403 and subject to section 281, if a concentration of a toxic, flammable or explosive substance is present or an oxygen enrichment or deficiency exists in a hazardous confined space, an employer shall ensure that the hazardous confined space is (a) purged and ventilated before a worker is required or permitted to enter the space, so that (i) any hazard associated with a toxic, flammable or explosive substance is reduced to the extent that is possible or eliminated, and (ii) an oxygen content of between 19.5% and 23% is assured; and (b) continuously ventilated while the worker occupies…

[7] Occupational Health and Safety Code (Alberta Regulation 191/2021)

Page 67

Open source document

Source excerpt

# Part 5 Confined Spaces (cont.) ## Protection - harmful substances and hazardous energy (cont.) Section 50 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE Part 5 AR 191/2021 - 49(2) An employer must ensure that a worker does not enter a confined space unless adequate precautions are in place to protect a worker from drowning, engulfment or entrapment. - 49(3) An employer must ensure that any hazardous energy in a restricted space is controlled in accordance with Part 15. AR 191/2021 s49;202/2024 ## Unauthorized entry 50 An employer must ensure that persons who are not authorized by the employer to enter a confined space or a restricted space are prevented from entering. ## Traffic hazards 51 An employer must ensure that workers in a confined space or a restricted space are protected from hazards created by traffic in the vicinity of the confined space or restricted space. ## Testing the atmosphere - 52(1) Before a worker enters a confined space, an employer must ensure that the atmosphere in the confined space is tested by a competent worker to (a) verify that the oxygen content is between 19.5 percent and 23.0 percent by volume, and (b) identify the amount of toxic, flammable or explosive substance that may be present. - 52(2) The employer must ensure that the testing required by subsection (1) is performed using calibrated test instruments appropriate for the atmosphere being tested and the instruments are used in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. - 52(3) The employer must ensure that as often as necessary after the first time a worker enters the confined space, a competent worker (a) performs the tests specified in subsection (1), and (b) identifies and records any additional hazards. - 52(3.1) The employer must ensure that if there is a potential for the atmosphere to change unpredictably after a worker enters the confined space, the atmosphere is continuously monitored in accordance with subsection (2). - 52(4) If tests identify …

[8] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)

Page 11

Open source document

Source excerpt

# 1926.1204 PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM (cont.) this section for monitoring an atmospheric hazard if they can demonstrate that equipment for continuously monitoring that hazard is not commercially available; 1926.1204(e)(1)(iii) Provide an early-warning system that continuously monitors for non-isolated engulfment hazards. The system must alert authorized entrants and attendants in sufficient time for the authorized entrants to safely exit the space. - 26.1204(e)(2) Continuously monitor atmospheric hazards unless the employer can demonstrate that the equipment for continuously monitoring a hazard is not commercially available or that periodic monitoring is of sufficient frequency to ensure that the atmospheric hazard is being controlled at safe levels. If continuous monitoring is not used, periodic monitoring is required with sufficient frequency to ensure that acceptable entry conditions are being maintained during the course of entry operations; - 1926.1204(e)(3) When testing for atmospheric hazards, test first for oxygen, then for combustible gases and vapors, and then for toxic gases and vapors; - 926.1204(e)(4) Provide each authorized entrant or that employee's authorized representative an opportunity to observe the pre-entry and any subsequent testing or monitoring of permit spaces; - 1926.1204(e)(5) Reevaluate the permit space in the presence of any authorized entrant or that employee's authorized representative who requests that the employer conduct such reevaluation because there is some indication that the evaluation of that space may not have been adequate; and - 1926.1204(e)(6) Immediately provide each authorized entrant or that employee's authorized representative with the results of any testing conducted in accordance with this section. - 1926.1204(f) Provide at least one attendant outside the permit space into which entry is authorized for the duration of entry operations: - 1926.1204(f)(1) Attendants may be assigned to more than o…

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