Risk Assessment Reports
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Published by SALUSWorkplace Safety Risk Assessment for General Occupational Activities ====================================================================
Assessment Date: \[DATE]
Assessor: \[ASSESSOR NAME]
Department/Area: \[DEPARTMENT/AREA]
Review Date: \[REVIEW DATE]
1\. Assessment Scope
This risk assessment covers routine workplace activities associated with general occupational safety management, including hazard identification, risk evaluation, control selection, mitigation planning, incident prevention, and ongoing monitoring of controls. It applies to normal operations and foreseeable non-routine conditions such as maintenance, cleaning, task changes, field-level work adjustments, and temporary changes in work conditions. The assessment is intended to support safe work planning across typical workplace environments where employees may be exposed to physical, ergonomic, chemical, environmental, and procedural hazards. It excludes detailed engineering design reviews, medical diagnosis, and site-specific administrative placeholders that must be completed by the employer after document generation. It also excludes hazards that are entirely unrelated to workplace operations or that require a separate specialist assessment unless they are identified during task-based review. [1] [1]
2\. Risk Assessment Methodology
A task-based job hazard analysis approach was used, consistent with established risk assessment practice. The work is first broken into tasks or basic steps, hazards are identified for each step, and the likelihood and severity of harm are evaluated using a consistent qualitative scale. Controls are selected using the hierarchy of controls, beginning with elimination and progressing through substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment. The assessment also considers non-routine conditions, field-level changes, incident history, worker feedback, inspections, and applicable legal requirements. A 5x5 risk matrix reference is included to support consistent risk ranking and prioritization. [1] [1] [2] [5]
3\. Risk Matrix Reference
The following matrix is used to evaluate risk levels based on likelihood and severity:
| Likelihood |
|---|
| Rare | Unlikely | Possible | Likely | Almost Certain | | Severity | Catastrophic | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | | Major | Low | Low | Low | Medium | Medium | | Moderate | Low | Low | Medium | High | High | | Minor | Low | Medium | High | High | Extreme | | Negligible | Medium | High | High | Extreme | Extreme |
4\. Hazard Identification and Risk Evaluation
1\. Slips, trips, and falls on the same level caused by wet floors, cluttered walkways, uneven surfaces, poor housekeeping, or temporary obstructions during work activities.
Potential Consequences: Workers may suffer sprains, fractures, head injuries, or secondary injuries from striking nearby objects. In severe cases, falls can result in lost-time injuries or long-term disability. [5] [5]
Affected Persons: Workers, supervisors, contractors, visitors, and any person moving through the work area.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Likely | Moderate | High |
Control Measures
- Elimination: Remove unnecessary obstacles, spills, and trailing materials from walkways before work begins.
- Substitution: Use less slippery cleaning products or floor treatments where feasible.
- Engineering controls: Install anti-slip flooring, drainage improvements, mats, and physical barriers around wet areas.
- Administrative controls: Implement housekeeping standards, inspection routines, spill response procedures, and clear pedestrian routes.
- PPE: Provide slip-resistant footwear where exposure remains.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Minor | Low |
2\. Falls from height when working on ladders, platforms, roofs, elevated edges, or unguarded surfaces.
Potential Consequences: A fall from height can cause serious trauma, fractures, spinal injury, permanent disability, or fatality. [4] [4] [12]
Affected Persons: Workers performing elevated tasks, nearby workers, and persons below the work area.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Catastrophic | Extreme |
Control Measures
- Elimination: Perform work from ground level whenever possible.
- Substitution: Use an elevating work platform or other safer access method instead of a ladder where appropriate.
- Engineering controls: Install guardrails, toe boards, fall arrest anchor points, and edge protection.
- Administrative controls: Require fall protection planning, competent supervision, pre-use inspections, safe access procedures, and rescue planning.
- PPE: Use a properly selected fall arrest or fall restraint system, along with head protection and suitable footwear.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Major | High |
3\. Struck-by hazards from moving vehicles, mobile equipment, carts, or suspended loads during material handling and site movement.
Potential Consequences: Impact injuries may include bruising, fractures, crush injuries, head trauma, or fatality if a person is pinned or struck by heavy equipment. [14]
Affected Persons: Operators, spotters, pedestrians, contractors, and visitors in shared work zones.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Major | High |
Control Measures
- Elimination: Separate pedestrian activity from vehicle routes where possible.
- Substitution: Use smaller or less hazardous handling methods when feasible.
- Engineering controls: Install barriers, marked travel lanes, mirrors, alarms, and exclusion zones.
- Administrative controls: Use traffic management plans, spotters, speed limits, communication protocols, and restricted access controls.
- PPE: Require high-visibility clothing and task-appropriate protective footwear.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Moderate | Medium |
4\. Caught-in, caught-between, and entanglement hazards from unguarded machinery, rotating parts, pinch points, or moving components.
Potential Consequences: Workers may experience lacerations, amputations, crushing injuries, fractures, or fatal entrapment. [5] [14]
Affected Persons: Machine operators, maintenance personnel, cleaners, and nearby workers.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Catastrophic | Extreme |
Control Measures
- Elimination: Remove the need for manual intervention near moving parts where possible.
- Substitution: Use safer tools or automated handling methods that reduce exposure to pinch points.
- Engineering controls: Install machine guards, interlocks, emergency stops, and physical barriers.
- Administrative controls: Apply lockout/tagout, safe work procedures, competency checks, and restricted maintenance access.
- PPE: Use task-specific PPE such as gloves, eye protection, and protective footwear where compatible with the task.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Major | High |
5\. Electrical hazards from damaged cords, exposed conductors, energized equipment, improper use of extension leads, or work near live circuits.
Potential Consequences: Exposure may cause electric shock, burns, arc flash injury, fire, or fatal electrocution. [5] [1]
Affected Persons: Electricians, maintenance staff, operators, contractors, and anyone working near energized equipment.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Catastrophic | High |
Control Measures
- Elimination: De-energize equipment before work whenever possible.
- Substitution: Use low-voltage or battery-powered tools where appropriate.
- Engineering controls: Install grounding, circuit protection, insulation, covers, and lockable disconnects.
- Administrative controls: Require electrical permits, inspection of cords and tools, qualified-person work only, and lockout/tagout procedures.
- PPE: Use insulated gloves, arc-rated clothing, eye and face protection, and insulated footwear as required by the task.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Rare | Major | Medium |
6\. Manual handling and ergonomic strain from lifting, carrying, pushing, pulling, repetitive motion, or awkward postures.
Potential Consequences: Workers may develop strains, sprains, musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue, reduced productivity, and cumulative injury. [3]
Affected Persons: Workers performing material handling, assembly, cleaning, stocking, or repetitive tasks.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Likely | Moderate | High |
Control Measures
- Elimination: Remove unnecessary manual handling by redesigning the task or workflow.
- Substitution: Use lighter materials, smaller containers, or pre-assembled components where feasible.
- Engineering controls: Provide carts, lift assists, adjustable workstations, and mechanical handling aids.
- Administrative controls: Rotate tasks, limit load weights, train on safe lifting techniques, and plan work to avoid awkward postures.
- PPE: Use grip-enhancing gloves or supportive footwear where appropriate, recognizing PPE does not replace ergonomic controls.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Minor | Medium |
7\. Exposure to hazardous substances such as cleaning chemicals, solvents, dusts, fumes, or vapors during storage, mixing, application, or cleanup.
Potential Consequences: Exposure may cause skin irritation, eye injury, respiratory irritation, poisoning, sensitization, or long-term occupational illness. [6] [6]
Affected Persons: Workers handling chemicals, nearby employees, cleaners, maintenance staff, and contractors.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Major | High |
Control Measures
- Elimination: Avoid hazardous chemicals where a safer process or product can be used.
- Substitution: Replace more hazardous substances with less hazardous alternatives.
- Engineering controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, closed transfer systems, and secure storage cabinets.
- Administrative controls: Maintain SDS access, labeling, training, spill procedures, and restricted handling rules.
- PPE: Provide chemical-resistant gloves, eye and face protection, respiratory protection where required, and protective clothing.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Moderate | Medium |
8\. Noise exposure from machinery, tools, alarms, or production processes that may exceed safe exposure levels.
Potential Consequences: Prolonged exposure can cause temporary threshold shift, permanent hearing loss, communication failure, and increased incident risk due to reduced situational awareness. [10] [11]
Affected Persons: Operators, maintenance staff, nearby workers, and visitors in noisy areas.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Likely | Moderate | High |
Control Measures
- Elimination: Remove or isolate noisy equipment where possible.
- Substitution: Select quieter tools, processes, or equipment.
- Engineering controls: Install enclosures, dampening materials, silencers, and barriers.
- Administrative controls: Limit exposure time, post hearing protection zones, and conduct noise monitoring.
- PPE: Provide hearing protection with suitable attenuation and ensure proper fit and use.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Minor | Medium |
9\. Fire, explosion, or thermal injury from ignition sources, flammable materials, hot work, or poor storage of combustibles.
Potential Consequences: Consequences may include burns, smoke inhalation, property damage, business interruption, and fatality. [5] [14]
Affected Persons: Workers, contractors, visitors, emergency responders, and persons in adjacent areas.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Catastrophic | High |
Control Measures
- Elimination: Remove unnecessary ignition sources and combustible accumulations.
- Substitution: Use less flammable materials or lower-risk processes where feasible.
- Engineering controls: Install fire detection, suppression systems, ventilation, and segregated storage.
- Administrative controls: Apply hot work permits, housekeeping standards, emergency drills, and flammable storage procedures.
- PPE: Use flame-resistant clothing, gloves, eye protection, and other task-specific thermal protection.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Rare | Major | Medium |
5\. General Control Measures
- Establish a formal hazard identification and reporting process so workers can report unsafe conditions, near misses, and changing hazards promptly.
Use routine inspections, worker feedback, and incident reviews to identify hazards early and update controls before work continues. [5] [5]
- Apply the hierarchy of controls consistently before relying on personal protective equipment.
Prioritize elimination and engineering controls first, then administrative controls, and use PPE as the last line of defense. [2] [5]
- Maintain safe work procedures, task briefings, and field-level risk assessments for non-routine or changing conditions.
Review the task before work starts and repeat the assessment when weather, staffing, equipment, or site conditions change. [2] [3]
- Keep equipment, tools, and protective devices in safe working condition through inspection and maintenance.
Remove damaged equipment from service immediately and verify guards, alarms, ventilation, and emergency devices are functional. [10] [5]
- Ensure workers are informed of hazards and control measures relevant to their tasks.
Communicate the assessment results to workers and supervisors, and keep records of the assessment, controls, and training. [1] [13]
6\. Emergency Preparedness
- Develop and communicate emergency response procedures for falls, electrical shock, fire, chemical exposure, and serious injury. Procedures should identify alarm methods, evacuation routes, assembly points, and escalation steps for contacting emergency services. [4]
- Provide task-specific rescue planning for work at height so a suspended or injured worker can be reached quickly and safely. Rescue arrangements should be practiced and available before work begins. [4]
- Maintain spill response supplies and procedures for chemical releases, including isolation of the area, ventilation where appropriate, and prompt cleanup by trained personnel. [6]
- Ensure first aid resources, fire extinguishers, and emergency communication methods are available and accessible in the work area, and verify workers know how to use them. [10]
- Stop work immediately when an uncontrolled hazard is identified, secure the area, and re-assess the task before resuming operations. [7]
7\. Training Requirements
- Task-Based Hazard Recognition Training: Workers and supervisors must be trained to identify hazards associated with their specific tasks, including slips, falls, struck-by hazards, caught-in hazards, electrical risks, chemical exposure, and ergonomic strain. Training should emphasize how to recognize changing conditions and when to stop work for reassessment. [3]
- Recognize task-specific hazards before starting work.
- Report new hazards, near misses, and unsafe conditions immediately.
- Understand when a field-level risk assessment is required.
- Hierarchy of Controls Training: Employees should understand the hierarchy of controls and why elimination and engineering controls are preferred over administrative controls and PPE. Training should reinforce that PPE is the last line of defense and must match the hazard. [5]
- Elimination and substitution are preferred where feasible.
- Engineering controls reduce exposure by isolating the hazard.
- PPE must be selected for the specific hazard and fit the worker properly.
- PPE Selection, Use, and Limitations: Workers must be trained on the correct selection, fit, inspection, use, care, and limitations of PPE required for their tasks. Training should cover when PPE is required, how to don and doff it, and when damaged PPE must be removed from service. [10]
- Use only PPE that matches the hazard.
- Inspect PPE before each use.
- Replace damaged or worn PPE promptly.
- Emergency Response and Rescue Training: Workers involved in higher-risk tasks should be trained in emergency procedures relevant to their work, including evacuation, spill response, fire response, first aid notification, and rescue planning for work at height or other high-consequence tasks. [4]
- Know alarm and evacuation procedures.
- Understand rescue responsibilities and communication methods.
- Practice emergency actions through drills or briefings.
- Safe Work Procedure and Equipment Training: Employees must be trained on safe operating procedures for tools, machinery, access equipment, and hazardous materials handling. Training should include pre-use inspections, guarding, lockout/tagout where applicable, and the correct use of work methods that reduce exposure. [5]
- Follow written procedures and supervisor instructions.
- Use equipment only for its intended purpose.
- Do not bypass guards or safety devices.
8\. Monitoring and Review
Review Frequency: Annually, and immediately after incidents, near misses, significant process changes, new equipment introduction, or changes in work conditions.
| Monitoring Type | Frequency | Responsible Party | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regular Workplace Inspection | At least quarterly and whenever conditions change | Supervisors and trained workers | Inspect work areas, equipment, housekeeping, access routes, guarding, and PPE availability to confirm controls remain effective and to identify new hazards. [8] [8] |
| Field-Level Risk Assessment Review | Before non-routine work and at the start of each shift where conditions may change | Supervisor or competent person leading the task | Review the task steps, current hazards, weather, staffing, equipment condition, and site-specific changes before work begins and again if conditions change during the job. [2] [3] |
| Incident and Near-Miss Review | After every incident, near miss, or unsafe condition report | Supervisor, safety representative, and management | Investigate events to determine root causes, verify whether controls failed or were absent, and update the risk assessment and procedures as needed. [5] |
| PPE Inspection and Compliance Check | Daily before use and during routine supervision | Workers and supervisors | Confirm PPE is present, correctly fitted, in good condition, and used as required for the task. Remove damaged PPE from service immediately. [10] [10] |
| Control Effectiveness Audit | Annually and after significant process or equipment changes | Safety professional or competent management representative | Evaluate whether engineering, administrative, and PPE controls are reducing risk as intended and whether additional measures are needed. [1] [11] |
9\. Special Circumstances
- Weather conditions such as rain, ice, snow, heat, wind, or lightning can increase slip, fall, heat stress, visibility, and electrical risks. Work plans should be adjusted or suspended when conditions make controls ineffective. [1]
- Night work or low-light conditions increase the likelihood of slips, struck-by incidents, and communication failures. Additional lighting, supervision, and traffic controls may be required. [2]
- Lone work increases response time in an emergency and may require check-in procedures, communication devices, and task restrictions for higher-risk activities. [1]
- Maintenance, shutdowns, and non-routine tasks often introduce higher exposure to energy sources, moving parts, and temporary hazards. These tasks require a fresh assessment before work starts. [1]
- Changes in staffing, contractor presence, or simultaneous operations can create interface hazards that must be coordinated through briefings and access control. [3]
Approval and Sign-off
This risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by:
Assessor: _________________________ Date: __________
Manager/Supervisor: _________________________ Date: __________
Safety Representative: _________________________ Date: __________
This risk assessment must be reviewed annually, and immediately after incidents, near misses, significant process changes, new equipment introduction, or changes in work conditions. or when significant changes occur.
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Sources used for this answer
[1] Toolbox Talk: Hierarchy of Hazard Controls
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# HIERARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROLS ELIMINATION SUBSTITUTION ENGINEERING CONTROLS ADMINIGOLS TIVE PPE MOTIVE LESS EFFECTIVE Date Posted: 02/17/2024 The hierarchy of hazard controls pyramid is a systematic workflow to provide the most effective control measure for workplace hazards. The tool is used worldwide and prescribes a method to always begin with eliminating any hazards you identify in the workplace. The hierarchy of controls is helpful to aid workers in identifying the most effective way to control a particular hazard. Employers can use the hierarchy of controls to ensure they take the most effective measures to protect their employees from hazards. When faced with a specific hazard in the workplace, use the hierarchy of hazard control as a step-by-step process to determine the best action for controlling or eliminating the hazard. The hierarchy of controls is also helpful for developing a hazard control plan, where you can implement the selected controls in the workplace. The hierarchy of controls is an inverted pyramid with five levels, from most effective to least effective: • Elimination - The physical removal of the hazard. • Substitution - Replacing something that produces a hazard. • Engineering Controls - Isolate people from the hazard. • Administrative Controls - Change the way people work. • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Protect the workers with personal protective equipment (PPE). ## WHAT IS A HAZARD? A hazard can be an object, a material, a substance, a condition, a process, or even a behavior. Some examples are falling from rooftops or heights, unguarded tools or machinery, being struck by heavy equipment, being caught in between hazards (such as unprotected trench or excavation), temperature extremes, and exposed electrical circuits or parts that may cause shock or electrocution. ## HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT ACTIONS Below are some hazard identification and assessment actions that should regularly be undertaken: • Id…
[2] Toolbox Talk: Job Hazard Analysis
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS the ease e, plea e, our organ our a a Risk Assessment plea organ include Hazard Chemical Date Posted: 05/13/2025 # Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) A job hazard analysis (JHA) analyzes a task's associated hazards and risks and focuses on identifying and controlling hazards. Utilizing the JHA will provide a process for analyzing the work activities that will determine the tools, materials, and equipment needed to develop work methods and procedures for accomplishing the task. The process will identify existing and potential hazards, assess the risk, and identify ways to eliminate or protect against the hazard. ## STEPS FOR COMPLETING A JHA In accordance with WAC 296-800-[redacted postal code] - Hazard Assessment for PPE, a hazard assessment must be conducted to identify hazards or potential hazards and determine if PPE necessary on the job. Additionally, this hazard assessment must be documented according to WAC 296-800-[redacted postal code]. The steps required for completing a quality hazard assessment are as follows: is • Involve the Right People in the Process: Employees who do the job know the job best at the frontline level, and their knowledge is valuable in identifying hazards and coming up with solutions to mitigate hazards. - Define the core tasks and Break the Hazard Analysis into Steps: In the first step, separate each job into all the individual segments of the job. The simplest way to do it is observe the worker doing the task and list the individual steps. to - Observe the work: Watch employees perform the task in question. • Record steps: Break down tasks into a reasonable number of steps. • • - Review your findings: Review your task lists with the employees you observe. Are you missing any necessary steps? - Identify specific hazards in Each Step: With all the steps outlined, identify each hazard associated with each step. Some hazards will be obvious (risk of laceration, fall, struck by, caught in or between, etc.…
[3] Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guide
Page 3
Open source documentSource excerpt
# TABLE OF CONTENTS (If viewing this pdf document on the computer, you can place the cursor over the section headings below until a hand appears and then click. You can also use the Adobe Acrobat Navigation Pane to jump directly to the sections.) <table><tr><th></th><th>How To Use This Guide...</th><th>4</th></tr><tr><td>A.</td><td>Introduction</td><td>.6</td></tr><tr><td>B.</td><td>What you are required to do.</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1. Do a Hazard Assessment for PPE and document it</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2. Select and provide appropriate PPE to your employees..</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>3. Provide training to your employees and document it.</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>4. Make sure your employees use their PPE properly.</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>5. Make sure PPE is in safe and good condition</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>C.</td><td>Resources</td><td>.14</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tools/Forms: Checklists and forms you can use to help you</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>comply with PPE requirements.</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Guidelines for complying with PPE requirements.</td><td>5672 16</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Hazard Assessment For PPE.</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE.</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>- Additional Guidelines for Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) Assessment for PPE...</td><td>.25</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Personal Protective Equipment Training Certification Form</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Personal Protective Equipment Training Quiz.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sample PPE Policies</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Recognizing and Controlling Hazards</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>What is a hazard?.</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>How do you control hazards?</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Engineering Controls.</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>- Work Practice Controls</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td><…
[4] Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hazard Assessment Tool
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Open source documentSource excerpt
## PPE required at this workplace includes (check all that apply): (cont.) OSHA Oregon OSHA Department of Consumer and Business Services Hazard assessment worksheet: Fall protection Salem Central Office [redacted street address]. NE Salem, OR [redacted postal code] Phone: [redacted phone] Toll-free: [redacted phone] osha.oregon.gov Work task: Date ## Potential hazards No hazards requiring fall protection Unguarded surfaces more than 6 or 4 feet above a lower level or any height above dangerous equipment Other hazard: ## PPE required None required Personal fall arrest system Personal fall restraint system Other PPE: 440-5871 (07/23/COM)
[5] Personal Protective Equipment Hazard Assessment
Page 6
Open source documentSource excerpt
# What types of PPE may be necessary? Your hazard assessment should determine if your employees need any of the following types of PPE: - Eye and face protection ◆ Fall protection - Foot protection • Hand/general skin protection - Head protection • Hearing protection • Leg protection ● Personal floatation device • Respiratory protection • Torso/general body protection ## How to do a PPE hazard assessment ## Do a baseline survey to identify workplace hazards A baseline survey is a thorough evaluation of your entire workplace - including work processes, tasks, and equipment - that identifies safety and health hazards. A complete survey will tell you what the hazards are, where they are, and how severe a potential injury could be. ## Suggestions: Use safety data sheets (SDS) to identify chemical hazards. A safety data sheet has detailed information about a hazardous chemical's health effects, its physical and chemical characteristics, and safe handling practices. Review equipment owner and operator manuals to determine the manufacturer's safety warnings and recommended PPE. Conduct a job-hazard analysis (JHA) - a method of identifying, assessing, and controlling hazards associated with specific jobs. A JHA breaks down a job into tasks. You evaluate each task to determine if there is a safer way to do it. A job-hazard analysis works well for jobs with difficult-to-control hazards and jobs with histories of accidents or near misses. JHAS for complex jobs can take a considerable amount of time and expertise to develop. You may want to have a safety professional help you. Have an experienced safety professional survey your workplace with you. 4
[6] Personal Protective Equipment Hazard Assessment
Page 5
Open source documentSource excerpt
# What are Oregon OSHA's requirements for PPE hazard assessments? If you are a general industry, construction, or agricultural employer you must determine if your workplace has hazards you cannot eliminate or control without PPE. If there are such hazards, you must: • Select the PPE that protects your employees from the hazards • Communicate your selection decisions to each affected employee • Ensure the PPE fits each employee • Require your employees to use their PPE when they are exposed to the hazards General industry employers must also prepare a document that says they have done the hazard assessment. The document must include: • A heading that says the document is a "certification" of the hazard assessment • The name of the workplace evaluated • The name of the person certifying the hazard assessment was completed • The date of the hazard assessment ## Oregon OSHA's hazard assessment rules • General industry: [redacted phone](1), Hazard assessment and equipment selection. Appendix B to Subdivision 2/1 has guidelines for conducting a hazard assessment. • Construction: [redacted phone](1), Hazard assessment and equipment selection. Appendix B to Subdivision 2/1 has guidelines for conducting a hazard assessment. • Agriculture: [redacted phone](2), Hazard assessment and protective equipment selection. Appendix A to Subdivision 4/1 has a sample hazard assessment form. 3
[7] Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Checklist
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Checklist <table><tr><th>General PPE Requirements</th><th>Yes</th><th>No</th><th>Comments</th></tr><tr><td>1. Has a hazard assessment to identify and control physical and health hazards been completed? If not, perform a hazard assessment.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2. Have engineering and/or administrative controls been applied prior to the use of PPE? If not, apply them first if applicable and appropriate.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3. Has appropriate PPE that matches the hazard been identified and provided to employees for use?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4. Has the effectiveness of the PPE program been reviewed, updated and evaluated periodically?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5. Have employees been trained on the use and care of the PPE?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6. Have employees been trained on the limitations of the PPE?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7. Is the PPE training documented and kept on file?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8. Are supervisors enforcing the use of required PPE?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9. Is PPE inspected regularly and properly maintained?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10. Is worn and damaged PPE removed from service and replaced?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11. When the following type of PPE is necessary, is the employer providing and paying for the PPE as stated by the OSHA standard 1910.132? Metatarsal foot protection - Rubber boots with steel toes Non-specialty-toe footwear (i.e. steel toe shoes/boots) if the employer does not permit it to be worn off the job site Non-prescriptive eye protection Prescriptive eyewear inserts/lenses for full face respirators Goggles and face shields Firefighting PPE (i.e. helmet, boots, gloves, full gear, proximity suits, etc.) Hard hats Hearing protection Welding PPE</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></t…
[8] The ABCs of construction site safety
Page 26
Open source documentSource excerpt
# THE ABCS OF CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY (cont.) ## Safety committees – Division 1, [redacted phone](7) (cont.) THE ABCS OF CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY Job Hazard Analysis Job hazard analysis - or JHA - is an industry best practice method of identifying, assessing, and controlling hazards associated with a specific job. A JHA breaks a job down into tasks; each task is evaluated to determine if there is a better, safer way to do it. A job-hazard analysis works well for jobs with difficult-to-control hazards and jobs with histories of accidents or near misses. JHAs for complex jobs can take a considerable amount of time and expertise to develop. You may want to enlist the help of a safety professional. Most Oregon OSHA rules do not specifically require a JHA. However, employers are required to take the necessary steps to ensure that jobs are safe and healthful. A JHA helps fulfill this requirement. Employers applying for Oregon OSHA's Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP) and the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) conduct JHAS. Key steps in a JHA: . Prepare: Review accident histories, involve employees, conduct risk assessment, and prioritize jobs based on hazardous exposures. Often, jobs need to be broken into tasks to better analyze the steps involved. - Observe the task and list the steps required to accomplish it. • Identify hazards in each step. . Categorize hazards into the following types: struck-by, struck-against, contact-by, contact-with, caught-on, caught-in, caught-between, fall-to-surface, fall-to-below, overexertion, bodily reaction, and overexposure. • Develop hazard controls (engineering controls, management controls, personal protective equipment (PPE), and/or interim measures). • Write a safe job procedure. 26
[9] Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guide
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# Option 2 A high risk priority means that there is a reasonable to high probability that an employee will be killed or permanently disabled doing this task step and/or a high probability that the employee will suffer severe illness or injury! 4. Select PPE: Try to reduce employee exposure by first implementing effective controls that do not primarily rely on individual employee behavior (such as using PPE). Follow the "Hierarchy of Controls" (p. 38). a. For each hazard you identified, ask the question: "Can we change the way this job is done to eliminate or reduce this hazard?" Ideas might include combining steps, changing the sequence, a different tool, a change in the workstation, ventilation etc. The employees who do this job may have some good practical ideas. b. If none of these will work, what personal protective equipment (PPE) is needed? If PPE is needed, it must be appropriately matched to the hazard to provide effective protection against the hazard. c. Write down your solution in the Control Method column opposite the hazard. If you still aren't satisfied that the hazard is under control, you may need to consider not doing this job or doing it less often. 5. Certify the hazard assessment: Make sure you sign and fill in the required information (indicated by *) at the bottom of the form for proper documentation of the hazard assessment. The following pages show two examples of completed JHA hazard assessments for PPE. 28
[10] Hazard and Risk - Risk Assessment
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# How is a risk assessment done? In general, to do an assessment, you should: 1. Assemble a risk assessment team. Assessments should be done by a competent person or team of individuals who have a good working knowledge of the situation being studied. Include the supervisors and workers who work with the process under review on the team or as sources of information, as these individuals are the most familiar with the operation. The health and safety committee or representative should also be consulted. 2. Select the job or process to assess. Refer to the above section, "When should a risk assessment be done", to help prioritize your assessments. Ideally, risk assessments should be done for all jobs. Jobs or tasks with higher injury and illness rates, worker concerns, and other factors should be considered first. 3. Break down the job or process into tasks. Divide the job or process into tasks or basic steps to better understand the hazards. 4. Identify the hazards of each task. After the basic steps or tasks have been recorded, identify the hazards of each step or task. List the hazards based on observations and inspections, previous causes of incidents and injuries, feedback from workers and supervisors directly involved in the task, and other considerations. 5. Assess the risk of each hazard. For each hazard, determine the likelihood of harm, such as an injury or illness occurring, and its severity. Use a risk assessment method appropriate for your workplace (see further below for details on risk assessment methods). Consider normal operational situations as well as non-standard events such as maintenance, shutdowns, power outages, emergencies, extreme weather, etc. Review all available health and safety information about the hazard, such as Safety Data Sheet (SDS), manufacturer's literature, information from reputable organizations, results of testing, workplace inspection reports, records of workplace incidents (accidents), including information about the …
[11] Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guide
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# Option 2 <table><tr><th></th><th></th><th colspan="5">Job Hazard Analysis Matrix</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Severity of Injury</td><td colspan="5">Probability of an Accident Occurring</td></tr><tr><td>Level</td><td>Description</td><td>A Frequent</td><td>B Several Times</td><td>C Occasional</td><td>D Possible</td><td>E Extremely Improbable</td></tr><tr><td>I</td><td>Fatal or Permanent Disability</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>||</td><td>Severe Illness or Injury</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2233</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>III</td><td>Minor Injury or illness</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>2-3</td><td></td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>IV</td><td>No Injury or Illness</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td></td><td>3</td></tr></table> <table><tr><th colspan="3">Risk Priority</th></tr><tr><td>Code</td><td>Risk Level</td><td>Action Required</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>High</td><td>Work activities must be suspended immediately until hazard can be eliminated or controlled or reduced to a lower level.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Medium</td><td>Job hazards are unacceptable and must be controlled by engineering, administrative, or personal protective equipment methods as soon as possible.</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Low</td><td>No real or significant hazard exists. Controls are not required but may increase the comfort level of employees.</td></tr></table> 3. Take action on the assessment. Depending on the assigned Risk Level/Code (or Risk priority), take the corresponding action according to the table above: • If Risk priority is LOW (3) for a task step → requires no further action. - Note: If you assign a risk code of 3, be sure that there isn't a WISHA standard that requires specific protection be provided. For example: WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] requires personal protective equipment when using compressed air for cleaning. - If Risk priority is MEDIUM (2) → select and implement appropriate controls. • If Risk priori…
[12] Personal Protective Equipment Hazard Assessment
Page 8
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Evaluate your employees' exposures to each hazard identified in the baseline survey (cont.) ## Document your hazard assessment For each job assessed, documentation must include the following information: - A heading saying the document is a "certification" of the hazard assessment • The name of the workplace evaluated - The name of the person certifying the hazard assessment was completed PPE hazard assessment certification Workplace evaluated: Person certifying the evaluation: Hazard assessment date: • The date of each hazard assessment Use the PPE hazard assessment and certification form on our website to conduct your own hazard assessment. Construction industry and agricultural employers do not have to document their hazard assessments, but must tell each exposed employee about their PPE selection decisions and meet other rule requirements. ## Do regular workplace inspections Regular inspections tell you whether you have eliminated or controlled existing hazards, and help you identify new hazards. Quarterly inspections by employees trained in hazard recognition are a good way to get the job done. Look for new hazards whenever you change equipment, materials, or work processes. Determine what hazards could result from the changes and how to control them. If your business works at multiple sites, you may need to do a hazard assessment at each site. 6
[13] Hazard and Risk - Sample Risk Assessment Form
Page 3
Open source documentSource excerpt
# What is a sample risk assessment form? (cont.) ## Sample Risk Assessment Form (cont.) <table><tr><th>Step or task</th><th>Hazard</th><th>Consequences or harm</th><th>Risk</th><th>Priority</th><th>Hazard Controls</th></tr><tr><td>EXAMPLE: Working at heights while on a ladder</td><td>Safety hazard: falling from heights</td><td>Serious injury due to a fall</td><td>High risk</td><td>1</td><td>Follow the hierarchy of controls for working at heights Elimination: when possible, perform work from the ground. Engineering controls: use an elevating work platform when appropriate. Administrative controls:</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>development of fall protection plans, safe work procedures, emergency response plans for working at heights, and adequate training (including working heights and fall protection training, elevating work platform training, ladder safety, training on safe work procedures and emergency response, etc.). Personal protective equipment: fall arrest system and equipment, head protection, high-visibility. clothing, protective footwear, face and eye protection, emergency response equipment, and other appropriate equipment for the job.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> Hazard and Risk - Sample Risk Assessment Form CCOHS
[14] Hazard and Risk - Risk Assessment
Page 12
Open source documentSource excerpt
# How is a risk assessment done? (cont.) ## Field-level Risk Assessment (cont.) The purpose of a field-level risk assessment is to identify, assess, and manage hazards and risks in real-time or on-site as work progresses, with a focus on ensuring the safety of workers. Field- level risk assessments are often completed in addition to formal risk assessments that have already been done before that specific day. Field-level risk assessments can also supplement safety meetings with teams as you work together through a common task, highlighting hazards and control measures that are currently in place. It can also be a good opportunity to brainstorm additional controls or better ways to complete the task. These risk assessments can help continue the safety conversation and avoid complacency. Similar to other risk assessments, each step of the task should be written down and hazards identified. The risk of each hazard can then be assessed based on the likelihood and severity of harm. Then, the team will determine if the current controls in place are adequate, or if further measures are needed prior to work beginning. An example of a table that may assist with a field- level risk assessment is shown in Table 4. Risk matrices similar to those in Table 2 or Table 3 can also be used to assess the risk for each hazard. Table 4: Field-level risk assessment Job or work activity being assessed: <table><tr><th>Step/task description</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Risk</th><th>Priority</th><th>Current controls</th><th>Recommended controls</th></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> ## What are methods of hazard control? Once you have established the priorities, the organization can decide on ways to control each specific hazard. Hazard control methods are often grouped into the following categories: - Elimination. - Substitution. - Engineering controls. - Administrative controls. …
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