Types of hard hats
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Published by SALUSIn industrial environments, safety helmets, or hard hats, are essential for head protection against various hazards. These helmets are classified by impact type and electrical class, in accordance with ANSI Z89\.1 standards.
There are two main impact types:
Type I helmets are designed to reduce the force of impact resulting from a blow only to the top of the head. [1]
Type II helmets are designed to reduce the force of impact resulting from a blow to the top or sides of the head. If a hazard assessment indicates that lateral impact to the head is foreseeable, employers must select Type II helmets for their employees. [1]
Helmets are also classified by electrical protection:
Class G (General) helmets are intended to reduce the danger of contact with low voltage conductors and are proof-tested at 2,200 volts (phase to ground). [1]
Class E (Electrical) helmets are intended to reduce the danger of contact with higher voltage conductors and are proof-tested at 20,000 volts (phase to ground). [1]
Class C (Conductive) helmets are not intended to provide protection against contact with electrical hazards. These helmets are usually made of aluminum, which conducts electricity. [1]
The employer must ensure that each employee wears a protective helmet when working in areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling objects or electrical shock. [3] [4] [5]
ANSI Z89\.1 is the American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, and employers must provide head protection that meets the specifications contained in the ANSI Z89\.1 standards. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Sources used for this answer
[1] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
Page 12
Open source documentSource excerpt
# 1926.100 - HEAD PROTECTION 1926.100(a) Employees working in areas where there is a possible danger of head injury from impact, or from falling or flying objects, or from electrical shock and burns, shall be protected by protective helmets. - 1926.100(b) Criteria for head protection. - 1926.100(b)(1) The employer must provide each employee with head protection that meets the specifications contained in any of the following consensus standards: - 1926.100(b)(1)(i) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009, "American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection," incorporated by reference in 1926.6; - 1926.100(b)(1)(ii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003, "American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection," incorporated by reference in 1926.6; or - 1926.100(b)(1)(iii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997, "American National Standard for Personnel Protection-Protective Headwear for Industrial Workers-Requirements," incorporated by reference in 1926.6. - 1926.100(b)(2) The employer must ensure that the head protection provided for each employee exposed to high- voltage electric shock and burns also meets the specifications contained in Section 9.7 ("Electrical Insulation") of any of the consensus standards identified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. - 1926.100(b)(3) OSHA will deem any head protection device that the employer demonstrates is at least as effective as a head protection device constructed in accordance with one of the consensus standards identified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section to be in compliance with the requirements of this section. [77 FR [redacted postal code], June 22, 2012; 77 FR [redacted postal code], July 23, 2012] 12
[2] Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHA 29 CFR 1910) - 1910.135 - Head protection
Page 1
Open source documentSource excerpt
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR # Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Part Number: 1910 - Part Number - Title: - Occupational Safety and Health Standards - Standard - Number: - 1910.135 - Title: Head protection. - GPO Source: e-CFR ## 1910.135(a) General requirements. ## 1910.135(a)(1) The employer shall ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet when working in areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling objects. 1910.135(a)(2) The employer shall ensure that a protective helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard is worn by each such affected employee when near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head. ## 1910.135(b) Criteria for head protection. 1910.135(b)(1) Head protection must comply with any of the following consensus standards: 1910.135(b)(1)(i) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009, "American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection," incorporated by reference in $ 1910.6; Submit Feedback
[3] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (General Occupational Safety and Health, Division 2, OSHA Oregon)
Page 775
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Personal Protective Equipment I Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules AO 2-2023 Division 2 (a) The employer must ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet when working in areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling or flying objects. (b) The employer must ensure that a protective helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard is worn by each such affected employee when near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head. (c) Head protection must comply with any of the following consensus standards: (A) ANSI Z89.1-2009, American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, which is incorporated by reference in 1910.6; (B) ANSI Z89.1-2003, American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, which is incorporated by reference in 1910.6; or (C) ANSI Z89.1-1997, American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, which is incorporated by reference in 1910.6. (d) Head protection devices that the employer demonstrates are at least as effective as head protection devices that are constructed in accordance with one of the above consensus standards will be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of this section. (e) Employees who are exposed to power-driven machinery or to sources of ignition shall wear caps or other head covering which completely covers the hair. (10) Foot Protection. (a) The employer must ensure that each affected employee use protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries due to falling or rolling objects, or objects piercing the sole, and where such employee's feet are exposed to electrical hazards, such as static-discharge or electric-shock hazard, that remains after the employer takes other necessary protective measures. (b) Protective footwear must comply with any of the following consensus standards: (A) ASTM F-2412-2005, Standard Test Methods for Foot Protecti…
[4] General Industry Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
Page 17
Open source documentSource excerpt
(8) An employer shall ensure that protective helmets designed to reduce electrical shock hazard shall be worn by each affected employee who is near exposed electrical conductors that could come in contact with the employee’s head. R 408.[redacted postal code] Hoods. Rule 3376. (1) A hood shall be made of materials that combine all of the following: (a) Have mechanical strength and lightness of weight to a high degree. FOOT AND TOE PROTECTION R 408.[redacted postal code] Criteria for protective footwear. Rule 3383. (1) Protective footwear shall comply with any of the following consensus standards: (a) ASTM F-2412 “Standard Test Methods for in Foot Protection,” 2005 edition, as adopted R 408.13301a. (b) ASTM F-2413 “Standard Specification for Performance Requirements for Protective Footwear,” 2005 edition, as adopted in R 408.13301a. (b) Be non-irritating to the skin when subjected to (c) ANSI Z-41 "American National Standard for perspiration. (c) Be capable of withstanding frequent cleaning and disinfection. (2) Materials used in the manufacture of hoods shall also be suitable to withstand the hazards to which the user may be exposed. (3) A hood shall bear a permanent and legible marking by which the manufacturer may be readily identified. (4) A hood shall be designed to provide adequate ventilation for the wearer. (5) A protective helmet shall be used in conjunction with a hood where there is a head injury hazard and the hood shall be designed to accommodate such helmet. R 408.[redacted postal code] Hair enclosures; face and head. Rule 3378. (1) A hat, cap, or net shall be worn by a person where there is a danger of hair entanglement in moving machinery or equipment, or where there is exposure to means of ignition. (2) Hair enclosures include all of the following: (a) Be designed to be reasonably comfortable to the wearer. …
[5] General Industry Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
Page 16
Open source documentSource excerpt
HEAD PROTECTION EQUIPMENT R 408.[redacted postal code] Use of head protection. (1) An employer shall ensure that each Rule 3370 affected employee is provided with, and wears, head protection equipment and accessories when the employee is required to be present in areas where a hazard exists from any of the following: (a) Falling or flying objects. (b) Other harmful contacts or exposures. (c) Where there is a risk of injury from any of the following: (i) Electric shock. (ii) Hair entanglement. (iii) Chemicals. (iv) Temperature extremes. (2) Service facilities shall be provided for the sanitizing and replacement of needed parts when necessary and before head protection equipment is re-issued. (3) Head protection equipment that has been physically altered or damaged shall not be worn or reissued to an employee. (4) An employee shall not physically alter, and shall guard against damage to, the head protection equipment provided. (5) An employee shall use the provided head the in accordance with protection equipment instructions and training received. R 408.[redacted postal code] Criteria for head protection. Rule 3372. (1) An employer shall provide each the employee with head protection specifications contained following consensus standards: that meets the in any of (a) ANSI Z-89.1 "American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection," 2009 edition, as adopted in R 408.13301a. (b) ANSI Z-89.1, "American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,” 2003 edition, as adopted in R 408.13301a. (c) ANSI Z-89.1 "American National Standard for Personnel Protection—Protective Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements," 1997 edition, as adopted in R 408.13301a. (2) Any head protection device that the employer demonstrates is at least as effective as a head protection device constructed in accordance with 1 of the consensus s…
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