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when is a hard hat required

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Hard hats are required when there is a foreseeable danger of head injury at a work site [1], especially where there is a significant possibility of lateral impact to the head 3, 4, 8. This includes protection from falling objects 7, 15 and electrical hazards 7, 15. For example, hard hats are required for personnel in steel erection at all times on the job site [2]. In confined spaces, if there is a hazard of bumping your head, head protection must be used [3].

Specific instances when head protection is required:

  • Riding an all-terrain vehicle, snow vehicle, motorized trail bike, or motorcycle at a work site [4]
  • Firefighters may require specialized headwear [4]
  • Industrial rope access work [5]
  • When working below other workers who are using tools and materials which could fall [6]
  • Working around or under conveyor belts which are carrying parts or materials [6]
  • Working below machinery or processes which might cause material or objects to fall [6]
  • Working on exposed energized conductors [6]

Employers must ensure that workers use appropriate head protection, and workers must use and care for the equipment as instructed 6, 10.

6 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Occupational Health and Safety Code

Page 151

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## All-terrain vehicles, snow vehicles, motorcycles 236 (1) An employer must ensure that a worker riding an all-terrain vehicle, snow vehicle, motorized trail bike or motorcycle or, subject to subsection (2), a small utility vehicle at a work site wears protective headwear approved to one of the following standards: - (a) U.S.A. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard FMVSS 218, Motorcycle Helmets 1993 OCT; - (b) BSI Standard BS 6658: 05, Specification for Protective Helmets for Vehicle Users ; - (c) Snell Memorial Foundation Standard M2005, 2005 Helmet Standard for Use in Motorcycling , if the protective headwear was manufactured on or after July 1, 2009. 236 (1.1) Subsection (1) does not apply to small utility vehicles equipped with seat belts and rollover protection. 236 (2) Protective headwear in good condition that meets the requirements of an earlier version of a standard listed in subsection (1) may be used unless it is damaged. 236 (3) Subsection (1) does not apply if the vehicle is equipped with rollover protective structures that comply with section 270 and seat belts or restraining devices that comply with section 271. 236 (4) A worker who wears protective headwear under subsection (1) and who uses an all-terrain vehicle, snow vehicle, motorized trail bike or motorcycle to travel to a remote work site may continue to wear that protective headwear while working at the work site if - (a) the work does not subject the worker to potential contact with exposed energized electrical sources, and - (b) the work is done for a short period of time. ## Firefighters 237 Despite section 234, an employer may permit a firefighter to wear protective headwear that meets the requirements of the following standards considering the nature of the hazard: - (a) NFPA Standard 1971, Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting , 2007 Edition; or - (b) NFPA Standard 1977, Protective Clothing and Equipment for Wildland Fire Fighting , 2005 Edition, if the protective h

[2] Occupational Health and Safety Code

Page 322

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Source excerpt

## Head protection 831 (1) Despite section 234, if there is a foreseeable danger of injury to a worker's head while the worker is performing industrial rope access work, and there is a significant possibility of lateral impact to the worker's head, an employer must ensure that the worker wears protective headwear that is appropriate to the hazards and meets the requirements of - (a) CSA Standard Z94.1-15, Industrial protective headwear - Performance, selection, care and use, - (b) ANSI Standard Z89.1-2003, American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection , for Type II helmets, - (c) CEN Standard EN [redacted postal code]: 2000, Mountaineering equipment - Helmets for mountaineers Safety requirements and test methods , if the manufacturer's specifications allow the helmet to be used for industrial work at height, or - (d) UIAA Standard 106: 2004, Mountaineering and Climbing Equipment - Helmets , if the manufacturer's specifications allow the helmet to be used for industrial work at height, if the protective headwear was manufactured on or after March 31, 2023. 831 (2) Despite section 234, if there is a foreseeable danger of injury to a worker's head while the worker is performing industrial rope access work, and the possibility of lateral impact to the worker's head is unlikely, an employer must ensure that the worker wears protective headwear that is appropriate to the hazards and meets the requirements of - (a) CSA Standard Z94.1-15, Industrial protective headwear - Performance, selection, care and use, - (b) ANSI Standard Z89.1-2003, American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection , for Type I or Type II helmets, - (c) CEN Standard EN 397: 2006, Specification for industrial safety helmets , - (d) CEN Standard EN [redacted postal code]: 2000, Mountaineering equipment - Helmets for mountaineers Safety requirements and test methods , if the manufacturer's specifications allow the helmet to be used for industrial work at height, or - (e) UIAA St

[3] Safety Standards for General Safety and Health Standards (Chaper 296-24 WAC)

Page 339

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ during overhead welding or cutting operations. Leather skull caps may be worn under helmets to prevent head burns. - (g) For overhead welding and cutting, or welding and cutting in extremely confined spaces, ear protection is sometimes desirable. - (h) Where there is exposure to sharp or heavy falling objects, or a hazard of bumping in confined spaces, hard hats or head protectors must be used. [Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 15-24-100 (Order 15-04), § 296-24-[redacted postal code], filed 12/01/2015, effective 01/05/2016. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050. 01-11-038 (Order 99-36), § 296-24-[redacted postal code], filed 05/09/01, effective 09/01/01. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-20-057 (Order 94-16), 296-24-[redacted postal code], filed 9/30/94, effective 11/20/94; Order 73-5, 296-24-[redacted postal code], filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, 296-24-[redacted postal code], filed 5/7/73.] ## WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] Work in confined spaces. - (1) General . As used herein confined space is intended to mean a relatively small or restricted space such as a tank, boiler, pressure vessel, or small compartment of a ship. - (2) Ventilation . Ventilation is a prerequisite to work in confined spaces. For ventilation requirements see WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] through 296-24-[redacted postal code]. - (3) Securing cylinders and machinery . When welding or cutting is being performed in any confined spaces you must leave the gas cylinders and welding machines on the outside. Before operations are started, you must securely block heavy portable equipment mounted on wheels to prevent accidental movement. - (4) Lifelines . Where a welder must enter a confined space through a manhole or other smal

[4] Occupational Health and Safety Code

Page 150

Open source document

Source excerpt

- (a) CSA Standard Z94.1-15, Industrial protective headwear - Performance, selection, care, and use , or - (b) ANSI Standard Z89.1-2003, American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection , for Type II head protection, - if the protective headwear was manufactured on or after March 31, 2023. - 234 (2) Subject to sections 235, 236 and 237, if there is a foreseeable danger of injury to a worker's head at a work site and the possibility of lateral impact to the head is unlikely, an employer must ensure that the worker wears protective headwear that is appropriate to the hazard and meets the requirements of - (a) CSA Standard CAN/CSA Z94.1-05, Industrial Protective Headwear , or - (b) ANSI Standard Z89.1-2003, American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection , if the protective headwear was manufactured on or after July 1, 2009. AR 191/2021 s234;242/2022 ## Bicycles and skates 235 (1) An employer must ensure that a worker who is riding a bicycle or using in-line skates or a similar means of transport wears protective headwear - (a) that is approved to one of the following standards for bicycle safety helmets if the protective headwear was manufactured on or after July 1, 2009: - (i) CSA CAN/CSA D113.2-M89 (R2004), Cycling Helmets ; - (ii) CPSC, Title 16 Code of U.S. Federal Regulations Part 1203, Safety Standard for Bicycle Helmets ; - (iii) Snell Memorial Foundation B-90A, 1998 Standard for Protective Headgear for Use in Bicycling ; - (iv) Snell Memorial Foundation B-95A, 1998 Standard for Protective Headgear for Use with Bicycles ; - (v) Snell Memorial Foundation N-94, 1994 Standard for Protective Headgear in Non-Motorized Sports ; - (vi) ASTM F1447-06, Standard Specification for Helmets Used in Recreational Bicycling or Roller Skating , - (vii) - (x) - repealed, and - (b) that is free of damage or modification that would reduce its effectiveness. - 235 (2) Despite subsection (1), if workers at a work site normally wear protective headwear in accor

[5] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (General Occupational Safety and Health, Division 2, OSHA Oregon)

Page 879

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Source excerpt

Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules AO 2-2023 Division 2 - 9. Selection guidelines for head protection. All head protection (helmets) is designed to provide protection from impact and penetration hazards caused by falling objects. Head protection is also available which provides protection from electric shock and burn. When selecting head protection, knowledge of potential electrical hazards is important. Class A helmets, in addition to impact and penetration resistance, provide electrical protection from low-voltage conductors (they are proof tested to 2,200 volts). Class B helmets, in addition to impact and penetration resistance, provide electrical protection from high-voltage conductors (they are proof tested to 20,000 volts.) Class C helmets provide impact and penetration resistance (they are usually made of aluminum which conducts electricity), and should not be used around electrical hazards. Where falling object hazards are present, helmets must be worn. Some examples include: working below other workers who are using tools and materials which could fall; working around or under conveyor belts which are carrying parts or materials; working below machinery or processes which might cause material or objects to fall; and working on exposed energized conductors. Some examples of occupations for which head protection should be routinely considered are: carpenters, electricians, linemen, mechanics and repairers, plumbers and pipe fitters, assemblers, packers, wrappers, sawyers, welders, laborers, freight handlers, timber cutting and logging, stock handlers, and warehouse laborers. Beginning with the ANSI Z89.1-1997 standard, ANSI updated the classification system for protective helmets. Prior revisions used type classifications to distinguish between caps and full brimmed hats. Beginning in 1997, Type I designated helmets designed to reduce the force of impact resulting from a blow only to the top of the head, while Ty

[6] HIOSH Construction Standards: Occupational Safety and Health (12-8-3)

Page 14

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Source excerpt

Telephone: 1-[redacted phone]; FAX: (540) 3681722; www.atssa.com ; Institute of Transportation Engineers, [redacted street address], NW., Suite 300 West, Washington, DC [redacted identifier]; FAX: (202) 289-7722; www.ite.org ; and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; www.aashto.org ; Telephone: 1-[redacted phone]; FAX: 1-800-5255562. Electronic copies of the MUTCD 2000 are available for downloading at ttp://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/knomillennium . The document is available for inspection at the OSHA Docket Office, Room N2625, U.S. Department of Labor, [redacted street address], NW., Washington, DC [redacted postal code] or at the Office of the Federal Register, [redacted street address], NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC. - (3) The following requirements are added to 29 C.F.R., Part 1926, Subpart R: - (A) Personnel employed in steel erection shall always wear hard hats while on the job site. - (B) Protective footwear as defined in ANSI Z41-1999, shall always be worn while on the job site. - (C) Gloves, special protective clothing, respirators, and any other personal protective equipment shall be worn as necessary. - (D) There shall be maintained at the site a record of the identity of the Structural Engineer of Record (SER), all qualified persons and their area of expertise, and all competent persons for the steel erection activity. - (E) All approvals, certifications, authorizations, drawings, and plans required by this chapter shall be

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