Write a risk assessment for scaffold erection
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Published by SALUSRisk Assessment for Scaffold Erection and Dismantling Activities ================================================================
Assessment Date: \[DATE]
Assessor: \[ASSESSOR NAME]
Department/Area: \[DEPARTMENT/AREA]
Review Date: \[REVIEW DATE]
1\. Assessment Scope
This risk assessment covers scaffold erection, alteration, inspection, use during erection and dismantling, and dismantling of supported scaffolds for construction activities. It includes work at height hazards, scaffold stability, access and egress, load capacity, falling object hazards, electrical exposure, weather-related conditions, and the use of fall protection and PPE. The assessment applies to scaffold erectors, dismantlers, competent persons, supervisors, and other workers who may be exposed to scaffold-related hazards in the work area. It excludes detailed design engineering calculations for non-standard scaffolds, which must be completed by a qualified designer or manufacturer where required, and it excludes unrelated construction activities not directly associated with scaffold erection or dismantling. [1] [1]
2\. Risk Assessment Methodology
This assessment uses a structured hazard identification and risk evaluation approach based on a 5x5 matrix. Each hazard is evaluated for likelihood and severity before controls are applied, then reassessed for residual risk after controls. Controls are selected using the hierarchy of controls, prioritizing elimination and substitution where practicable, followed by engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE. The assessment also incorporates competent person oversight, inspection requirements, safe erection and dismantling sequencing, and emergency preparedness measures. [8] [1]
3\. Risk Matrix Reference
The following matrix is used to evaluate risk levels based on likelihood and severity:
| Likelihood |
|---|
| Rare | Unlikely | Possible | Likely | Almost Certain | | Severity | Catastrophic | Low | Low | Low | Medium | Medium | | Major | Low | Low | Medium | Medium | High | | Moderate | Low | Medium | Medium | High | High | | Minor | Medium | Medium | High | High | Extreme | | Negligible | Medium | High | High | Extreme | Extreme |
4\. Hazard Identification and Risk Evaluation
1\. Falls from unprotected scaffold edges, incomplete platforms, or during erection and dismantling when guardrails, ladders, and full decking are not yet installed.
Potential Consequences: A fall from height can result in fractures, spinal injury, traumatic brain injury, permanent disability, or fatality. Erectors and dismantlers are especially exposed because they work on partially completed structures. [1] [1]
Affected Persons: Scaffold erectors, dismantlers, supervisors, nearby workers, and any person entering the scaffold work zone.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Likely | Catastrophic | Extreme |
Control Measures
- Eliminate exposure by assembling as much scaffold as possible from the ground before workers access elevated levels.
- Use engineering controls such as guardrails, fully planked platforms, and approved personal fall arrest systems where feasible and where they do not create a greater hazard.
- Establish a competent-person-approved erection and dismantling sequence that limits time spent on unprotected edges.
- Restrict access to authorized erectors and dismantlers only until the scaffold is completed and inspected.
- Provide and enforce use of appropriate fall protection PPE, including full-body harnesses, connectors, and compatible anchorage systems.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Catastrophic | High |
2\. Scaffold collapse or instability caused by improper footing, missing base plates, inadequate bracing, out-of-plumb assembly, or failure to tie or brace the scaffold to the structure.
Potential Consequences: Collapse can cause multiple falls, crushing injuries, struck-by injuries, and fatality. Instability may also damage adjacent structures or equipment. [2] [3]
Affected Persons: Scaffold erectors, dismantlers, workers on the scaffold, workers below, and nearby public or site personnel.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Catastrophic | Extreme |
Control Measures
- Eliminate unstable support conditions by selecting firm, level, and capable footing before erection begins.
- Use engineering controls including base plates, mudsills, screw jacks, plumb and level assembly, and proper ties, guys, and braces.
- Follow manufacturer instructions and engineered specifications for scaffold configuration and load limits.
- Require competent-person inspection of footing, bracing, plumbness, and tie-in points before use and after any change in condition.
- Remove from service any scaffold with missing, loose, damaged, or incompatible components.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Catastrophic | High |
3\. Overloading of scaffold platforms beyond intended load capacity due to excessive materials, concentrated loads, or improper storage of tools and equipment.
Potential Consequences: Overloading can lead to platform failure, collapse, falling objects, and serious injury or death to workers on or below the scaffold. [2] [5]
Affected Persons: Workers on the scaffold, workers below, and anyone in the drop zone.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Major | High |
Control Measures
- Eliminate unnecessary materials from the platform and stage materials only as needed for the task.
- Use engineering controls by ensuring the scaffold is designed to support its own weight and four times the maximum intended load.
- Mark and communicate maximum load limits and prohibit makeshift load increases such as using ladders, blocks, or buckets.
- Assign a competent person to verify loading conditions during erection, use, and dismantling.
- Train workers to distribute loads near bearers and supports rather than concentrating weight in the center of planks.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Major | Medium |
4\. Falling objects such as tools, fasteners, scaffold components, or materials striking workers below or nearby persons.
Potential Consequences: Falling objects can cause head injury, eye injury, lacerations, fractures, or fatality. They may also damage equipment or create secondary incidents. [9] [7]
Affected Persons: Workers on the scaffold, workers below, visitors, contractors, and the public near the work zone.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Likely | Major | High |
Control Measures
- Eliminate loose items from elevated work areas where practicable and secure tools and materials before work begins.
- Install toe boards, screens, debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures where falling object exposure exists.
- Barricade the area beneath the scaffold to keep personnel and vehicles out of the drop zone.
- Require hard hats for exposed personnel and maintain housekeeping to prevent items from being kicked or dislodged.
- Use tool lanyards or tethering systems for hand tools when working at height.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Major | Medium |
5\. Unsafe access and egress, including climbing cross braces, missing ladders, or using unstable means to reach scaffold platforms.
Potential Consequences: Workers may fall while accessing the scaffold, suffer sprains, fractures, or fatal injuries, or lose balance while carrying materials. [1] [3]
Affected Persons: Scaffold erectors, dismantlers, and workers using the scaffold.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Likely | Major | High |
Control Measures
- Eliminate climbing on cross braces by providing proper access before workers are required to reach elevated levels.
- Install ladders, stair towers, ramps, or other safe access as soon as practicable during erection.
- Use engineering controls such as attachable or hook-on ladders where appropriate and ensure access points are stable and unobstructed.
- Train workers to use designated access routes only and prohibit improvised access methods.
- Inspect access equipment daily and remove damaged ladders or access components from service.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Major | Medium |
6\. Electrical contact with overhead power lines or energized equipment during erection, use, or dismantling.
Potential Consequences: Contact or arcing can cause electrocution, burns, arc flash injury, secondary falls, fire, or equipment damage. [5] [4]
Affected Persons: Scaffold erectors, dismantlers, workers on the scaffold, nearby workers, and the public.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Catastrophic | Extreme |
Control Measures
- Eliminate exposure by relocating the scaffold or de-energizing and isolating electrical hazards where feasible.
- Maintain required clearance distances from overhead power lines and energized equipment.
- Use engineering controls such as physical barriers, warning lines, and non-conductive materials where appropriate.
- Conduct a pre-job hazard assessment to identify power line locations and site-specific electrical hazards.
- Train workers to recognize electrical hazards and prohibit scaffold assembly in unsafe proximity to energized conductors.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Catastrophic | High |
7\. Unsafe dismantling due to structural alteration, loss of stability, or removal of components in the wrong sequence.
Potential Consequences: Improper dismantling can cause collapse, falls, struck-by incidents, and serious injury or death. [4] [1]
Affected Persons: Scaffold dismantlers, nearby workers, and anyone below the scaffold.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Catastrophic | Extreme |
Control Measures
- Eliminate unnecessary dismantling exposure by planning the sequence before work starts and removing components in a controlled order.
- Stabilize or reconstruct the scaffold before dismantling if it has been altered or damaged.
- Use competent-person supervision throughout dismantling and prohibit unauthorized personnel from the scaffold.
- Maintain fall protection and safe access until the scaffold is reduced to a safe height.
- Inspect components as they are removed and segregate damaged parts for repair or disposal.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Catastrophic | High |
8\. Slips, trips, and loss of footing caused by wet, icy, snowy, muddy, cluttered, or uneven scaffold platforms and work areas.
Potential Consequences: Workers may fall from the platform or strike scaffold components, resulting in sprains, fractures, head injury, or fatality. [4] [7]
Affected Persons: Scaffold erectors, dismantlers, and workers using the scaffold.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Likely | Major | High |
Control Measures
- Eliminate slippery conditions by stopping work when surfaces cannot be made safe.
- Use housekeeping controls to keep platforms free of debris, loose materials, and trip hazards.
- Provide slip-resistant footwear and maintain fully planked, level working surfaces.
- Suspend work during severe weather, ice, snow, or high winds when conditions increase risk.
- Inspect platforms before each shift and after weather changes.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Major | Medium |
9\. Use of defective, incompatible, or damaged scaffold components, planks, couplers, or locking pins.
Potential Consequences: Component failure can cause instability, collapse, falls, or falling object incidents. [3] [5]
Affected Persons: Scaffold erectors, dismantlers, workers on the scaffold, and workers below.
Initial Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Possible | Major | High |
Control Measures
- Eliminate defective components from service immediately and replace them with compliant parts.
- Use only compatible scaffold components from the same system or manufacturer unless structural integrity is maintained by design.
- Inspect all parts before erection, during use, and during dismantling for cracks, splits, missing pins, loose connections, or damage.
- Store and transport components to prevent bending, corrosion, or impact damage.
- Require competent-person verification of planks, frames, braces, and couplers before the scaffold is released for use.
Residual Risk Assessment
| Likelihood | Severity | Risk Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Unlikely | Major | Medium |
5\. General Control Measures
- Assign a competent person to supervise erection, alteration, inspection, and dismantling of all scaffold work.
The competent person should verify footing, bracing, access, fall protection feasibility, load limits, and overall scaffold condition before work proceeds. [1]
- Implement a pre-task hazard assessment and job-specific erection and dismantling plan before scaffold work begins.
The plan should address site conditions, access, fall protection, load limits, weather, power lines, and the sequence of assembly and disassembly. [5]
- Inspect scaffolds before each work shift and after any event that could affect stability or safety.
Inspections should cover footing, plumbness, ties, braces, platforms, access, guardrails, planks, and signs of damage or alteration. Defective scaffolds must be tagged out and removed from service. [5]
- Provide and enforce fall protection and falling object protection appropriate to the scaffold type and task.
Use guardrails, PFAS, toe boards, screens, debris nets, or barricades as required by the scaffold configuration and work conditions. [9]
- Restrict scaffold access to trained and authorized personnel only until erection is complete and the scaffold has been inspected.
Barricade the area and prevent unauthorized entry beneath or onto partially completed scaffolds. [1]
6\. Emergency Preparedness
- Establish a fall rescue plan before work begins, including prompt rescue of suspended workers, communication methods, and access for emergency responders. Workers must know how to summon help and how rescue will be initiated if a fall arrest system is deployed.
- Provide first aid and emergency response arrangements for fall injuries, struck-by incidents, electrical contact, and scaffold collapse. Emergency procedures should include site isolation, medical notification, and control of secondary hazards such as unstable scaffold sections or fallen materials.
- If scaffold instability, severe weather, or electrical hazards are identified, stop work immediately, evacuate the scaffold, and secure the area until the competent person confirms it is safe to resume.
- Maintain clear access routes for emergency services and keep the scaffold drop zone and surrounding area free of obstructions so responders can reach injured workers quickly.
- After any incident, preserve the scene where possible, report the event through site procedures, and conduct a competent-person review before restarting scaffold work.
7\. Training Requirements
- Competent Person and Authorized Worker Training: All scaffold erection and dismantling activities must be performed by experienced, trained, and authorized workers under the direction of a competent person. Training should cover hazard recognition, corrective actions, inspection authority, and stop-work expectations. [1]
- Authority and responsibilities of the competent person
- Recognition of unstable conditions and defective components
- Authorization limits for scaffold access during erection and dismantling
- Fall Protection Training: Workers must be trained in the correct use, limitations, inspection, and anchorage requirements of guardrails, personal fall arrest systems, and other fall protection methods used during scaffold erection and dismantling. [6]
- Proper donning and inspection of full-body harnesses
- Compatibility of connectors and anchorage points
- When fall protection is required and when a greater-hazard evaluation is needed
- Scaffold Inspection and Tagging Training: Inspectors and supervisors must be trained to identify defects, determine when a scaffold must be tagged out, and verify that the scaffold is safe before each shift and after changes in condition. [5]
- Inspection of footing, plumbness, bracing, ties, and access
- Recognition of damaged planks, pins, couplers, and frames
- Use of red-tag/green-tag or equivalent control systems
- Load Capacity and Materials Handling Training: Workers must understand scaffold load limits, safe material placement, and the consequences of overloading or uneven loading. Training should emphasize keeping loads within rated capacity and placing materials near supports. [5]
- Maximum intended load and rated capacity
- Safe distribution of materials and tools
- Prohibition on makeshift height increases
- Access, Erection, and Dismantling Procedure Training: Workers must be trained on the approved sequence for erection and dismantling, safe access methods, and the prohibition on climbing braces or using improvised access devices. [1]
- Safe installation of ladders, stair towers, or ramps
- Sequence of assembly and disassembly
- Safe handling of scaffold components during movement and removal
8\. Monitoring and Review
Review Frequency: Annually and after any incident, near miss, significant scaffold modification, change in site conditions, or change in applicable regulations or work methods.
| Monitoring Type | Frequency | Responsible Party | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Competent Person Inspection | Before each work shift and after any event that may affect scaffold integrity | Competent person | Inspect scaffold footing, plumbness, ties, braces, platforms, access, guardrails, planking, and signs of damage or alteration. Remove defective scaffolds from service immediately. [5] |
| Load and Housekeeping Check | Daily during use and continuously during erection/dismantling | Foreman or competent person | Verify that materials are distributed safely, platforms remain free of debris and slip/trip hazards, and no scaffold is loaded beyond its intended capacity. [5] |
| Fall Protection Verification | Before elevated work begins and whenever scaffold configuration changes | Competent person and supervisor | Confirm that guardrails, PFAS, anchorage, and access arrangements are in place and appropriate for the scaffold type and erection stage. [1] |
| Weather and Environmental Monitoring | Continuously during work and before resuming after weather changes | Supervisor | Monitor wind, rain, snow, ice, lightning, and visibility conditions. Stop work when conditions increase the likelihood of slips, loss of balance, or scaffold instability. [7] |
| Access and Exclusion Zone Monitoring | Continuous while scaffold erection or dismantling is in progress | Supervisor and competent person | Ensure only authorized workers are on the scaffold, access routes remain unobstructed, and the area below the scaffold remains barricaded to protect others from falling objects and unauthorized entry. [1] |
9\. Special Circumstances
- Weather conditions such as high winds, rain, snow, ice, lightning, or poor visibility can significantly increase the risk of falls, loss of footing, and scaffold instability. Work should be paused or rescheduled when conditions cannot be controlled safely.
- Night work or low-light conditions increase the likelihood of missteps, missed defects, and poor communication. Additional lighting, supervision, and access control are required if work must continue after dark.
- Lone work on scaffold erection or dismantling is not recommended because rescue and emergency response may be delayed. Where lone work cannot be avoided, enhanced communication and check-in procedures are required.
- Work near overhead power lines, adjacent structures, public walkways, or active vehicle routes requires additional exclusion zones, spotters, and coordination to prevent contact or struck-by incidents.
- Irregular building geometry, limited access, or constrained footing may require a more detailed feasibility review for fall protection and scaffold stability before erection begins.
Approval and Sign-off
This risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by:
Assessor: _________________________ Date: __________
Manager/Supervisor: _________________________ Date: __________
Safety Representative: _________________________ Date: __________
This risk assessment must be reviewed annually and after any incident, near miss, significant scaffold modification, change in site conditions, or change in applicable regulations or work methods. or when significant changes occur.
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Sources used for this answer
[1] Construction Industry Checklist
Page 14
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Scaffolding (cont.) <table><tr><th>Falling object protection: In addition to wearing hard-hats, are employees provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toe boards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects? 1926.451(h)(1)</th><th></th><th></th></tr><tr><td>Additional Requirements: In addition to the applicable requirements of 1926.451(a)- (h), General Requirements...has the employer addressed any additional requirements which are applicable to specific types of scaffolds? 1926.452(a)-(y)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Aerial lifts: Are aerial lifts designed and constructed in conformance with the applicable requirements of American National Standards for "Vehicle Mounted Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms," ANSI A92.2-1969, including appendix? 1926.453(a)-(b)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Aerial Lifts (Extensible & Articulating Boom Platforms): Are workers in aerial lifts equipped with standard guard rails and also wearing fall-restraint devices connected to manufacturer suggested tie off points on the boom or basket? 1926.453(b) (2)(v)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Training Requirements: Are employees who perform work while on a scaffold trained by a person qualified in subject matter to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and in the understanding of procedures to control or minimize those hazards? 1926.454(a)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Training requirements: Does training address the nature of electrical hazards; fall hazards; falling object hazards; procedures for dealing with electrical hazards; for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling fall protection systems; falling object protection systems; proper use of the scaffold and proper handling of materials on the scaffold; maximum intended load and load carryin…
[2] OSHA Fact Sheet - Tube and Coupler Scaffolds — Erection and Use
Page 1
Open source documentSource excerpt
# OSHA FactSheet # Tube and Coupler Scaffolds – - Erection and Use Workers building scaffolds risk serious injury from falls and tip-overs, being struck by falling tools and other hazards, and electrocution from energized power lines. Before starting any scaffold project, the employer should conduct a hazard assessment to ensure the safety of workers. A tube and coupler scaffold has a platform(s) supported by tubing, and is erected with coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers, and runners (see Fig. 1). Due to their strength, these scaffolds are frequently used where heavy loads need to be carried, or where multiple platforms must reach several stories high. These scaffolds can be assembled in multiple directions, making them the preferred option for work surfaces with irregular dimensions and/or contours. ## When Erecting a Scaffold Planking Guardrail System w/Toeboards Runner Bearer Post Rigid Clamp Sill Typical Joint Cross Diagonal Brace Connection Bracing Base Plate Swivel Clamp Figure 1: Tube and Coupler Scaffold • Use footings that are level, sound, rigid and capable of supporting the load without settlement or displacement. - Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. • Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. - Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. - Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level. • Install guys, ties, and braces according to the manufacturer's recommendations. • Do not intermix scaffold components from different manufacturers, unless you can do so while maintaining the scaffold's structural integrity. - When platform units are abutted together to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. . Once erected, provide toeboards on all railed sides to prevent falling object hazards. ## When Using a Scaffold • Make sure that a competent person…
[3] A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry
Page 13
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Access Requirements (cont.) ## How will I know what kind of fall protection to provide for a specific-type of scaffold? (cont.) 8 <table><tr><th>Type of Scaffold</th><th>Fall Protection Required</th></tr><tr><td>Aerial lifts</td><td>Personal fall arrest system</td></tr><tr><td>Boatswains' chair</td><td>Personal fall arrest system</td></tr><tr><td>Catenary scaffold</td><td>Personal fall arrest system</td></tr><tr><td>Crawling board (chicken ladder)</td><td>Personal fall arrest system, or a guardrail system, or by a 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) diameter grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board</td></tr><tr><td>Float scaffold</td><td>Personal fall arrest system</td></tr><tr><td>Ladder jack scaffold</td><td>Personal fall arrest system</td></tr><tr><td>Needle beam scaffold</td><td>Personal fall arrest system</td></tr><tr><td>Self-contained adjustable scaffold when supported by ropes</td><td>Both a personal fall arrest system and a guardrail system</td></tr><tr><td>Single-point and two-point suspension scaffolds</td><td>Both a personal fall arrest system and a guardrail system</td></tr><tr><td>Supported scaffold</td><td>Personal fall arrest system or guardrail system</td></tr><tr><td>All other scaffolds not specified above</td><td>Personal fall arrest system or guardrail systems that meet the required criteria</td></tr></table> ## When can personal fall arrest systems be used when working on scaffolding and aerial lifts? Personal fall arrest systems can be used on scaffolding when there are no guardrail systems. 1926.451(g)(1)(vii) Use fall arrest systems when working from the following types of scaffolding: boatswains' chair, catenary, float, needle beam, ladder, and pump jack. 1926.451(g)(1) Use fall arrest systems also when working from the boom/basket of an aerial lift. 1926.453(b)(2)(v) ## When are both fall arrest and guardrail systems required? Each employee on a self-contained adjustable scaffold shall be protected by a guardrai…
[4] MIOSHA Fact Sheet: Scaffold Erecting and Dismantling
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# MIOSHA Fact Sheet ## Scaffold Erecting and Dismantling MIOSHA Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration Working at heights is very common in the construction industry and in many cases will require the use of a scaffold. Each time a scaffold is used, it involves setting it up and then taking it down after the work is completed. During these times employees can be exposed to fall hazards, which are the leading cause of fatalities in the construction industry. Unlike other individuals on a finished scaffold, erectors and disassemblers are exposed to the hazards of working on a partially completed structure. This work is required to be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. The work should be supervised and directed by a competent person that is skilled in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. Employers must designate a competent person to evaluate the numerous conditions at the jobsite in order to determine the most effective ways to protect all employees from fall hazards. Construction Standard Part 12, Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms, Rule 1211(6) specifically addresses issues related to employees who are erecting or dismantling scaffolds. An employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. An employer shall provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of the protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. "Competent person” means a person who is experienced and capable of identifying an existing or potential hazard in surroundings, or under working conditions, that are hazardous or dangerous to an employee and who has the authority and knowledge to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate the hazards. ## Feasibility and Greater Hazard Evaluation: • Evaluate whether an a…
[5] Guide For Working Safely With Supported Scaffolds
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# GUIDE FOR WORKING SAFELY WITH SUPPORTED SCAFFOLDS ## Commonly Used Supported Scaffolds Scaffolding provides safety and adds to the efficiency of work. However, unsafe scaffolding can lead to accidents, serious injuries and death. - Frame or Fabricated • Tower/Rolling • Outrigger Scaffold • Tube and Coupler • Bracket Scaffold - Horse Scaffold • Ladder Jack - System Scaffolds # Selected Cal/OSHA Regulations (See Title 8 CA Code of Regulations for all regulations) The company's Code of Safe Practice (COSP) must include safety requirements for erection, use, and dismantling of scaffolds. The company's Injury & Illness Prevention Program (IIPP) must provide information on inspection of scaffolds, correction of hazards found, and training for scaffold erectors, users and dismantlers. For help from Cal/OSHA call 1-[redacted phone] or visit http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/dosh1.html Selected regulations continued in next page..... SCAFFOLDING ## Hazards From Structural Flaws • Missing/improperly supported base plates Beware of falls and scaffold collapse. CONSULTATION CAL OSHA SERVICE This GUIDE promotes awareness of safe work practices for supported scaffolds and covers: • Types of Commonly Used Supported Scaffolds November 2012 • Selected CAL/OSHA Regulations ## Common Scaffolding Hazards • Common Scaffolding Hazards Individuals exposed to scaffolding hazards include scaffold erectors and dismantlers, personnel working on/under scaffolds, and employees and the general public near scaffolding. Scaffold erectors and dismantlers are at particular risk, since they work on scaffolds before ladders, guardrails, platforms, and planks are completely installed. Common scaffolding hazards are: • Scaffold not tied properly to building • Platform slope exceeds requirement ## Electrical Hazards • Legs not plumb - Safe Work Practices • Braces/runners/cross-bracing not secure - Missing braces/runners and cross-bracing • Some planks overexte…
[6] Scaffolding Safety
Page 1
Open source documentSource excerpt
WORK SAFE KENTUCKY Free safety resources provided by KEMI HOME SAFETY RESOURCES SAFETY TRAINING SAFETY BLOG ABOUT KEMI CONTACT US O # Scaffolding Safety ## Print a Sign-In Sheet | Spanish Version Most of the construction projects in the United States have some sort of scaffolding on the jobsite at some point during the various phases of construction. There are three main types of scaffolds: suspension, supported, and aerial lifts. The federal Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that scaffold accidents result in 4,500 injuries and over 60 deaths each year. Common hazards working off scaffolding include falls, falling objects, electrical hazards, scaffold collapse, scaffold access, bad planking, and weather conditions. of • Always use scaffolding according to the manufacturer's instructions. • If a worker is working 10 feet or higher off scaffolding, then the worker must be protected by guardrails or a personal fall arrest system (PFAS). • Guardrails must be installed along all sides and ends to protect from fall hazards. Top rails must be between 38 to 45 inches high, midrails should be halfway between the platform and top rail, and toe boards must be at least 3 1/2" high. • PFAS must include an anchorage point, lifeline, and full-body harness. A PFAS can be used instead of guardrails on some scaffolds. A PFAS and guardrails must be used on all suspension scaffolds. Scaffold erectors and dismantlers use a PFAS when feasible. • Wear hard hat, utilize the toeboard, and barricade the area beneath a scaffold to help with falling object hazards. • Barricade an area around a scaffold to keep equipment and vehicles from running into and striking the scaffold. • Working near overhead powerlines is a serious electrical hazard when working off the scaffolding. Stay back at least 10 feet or check the clearance distances in the standard. Contact Us | Privacy Policy ©2022 KEMI • Scaffolding must be on good support with mudsills and base plates. Be sure to use a…
[7] OSHA Fact Sheet - Tube and Coupler Scaffolds — Erection and Use
Page 2
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Tube and Coupler Scaffolds – - Erection and Use (cont.) ## When Using a Scaffold (cont.) - Employees must not work on platforms covered with snow, ice, or other slippery material. • The employer must provide suitable access to and between scaffolds, such as portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders and stairway-type ladders. ## When Dismantling a Scaffold Check to ensure that the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way which would make it unsafe. Before beginning dismantling procedures, reconstruct and/or stabilize the scaffold as necessary. ## Training Workers Only trained and authorized persons should be allowed to use a scaffold. This training must be provided by a qualified person who understands the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and who knows the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. Training must include how to safely: • Use the scaffold, handle materials on the scaffold and determine the maximum load limits when handling materials. . Recognize and avoid scaffolding hazards such as electric shock, falls from heights, and being hit by falling objects. • Erect, maintain and disassemble fall and falling object protection systems. Erectors and dismantlers of tube and coupler scaffolds are at particular risk because their work starts before ladders, guardrails and platforms are completely installed. These workers must also be trained to: • Recognize scaffold hazards. . Properly erect, move, operate, repair, inspect, maintain and disassemble the scaffold; • Identify the maximum load-carrying capacity and intended use of the scaffold. Employers should train workers on the following safety factors: . The shape and structure of the building to be scaffolded. . Distinctive site conditions and any special features of the building structure in relation to the scaffold (i.e., overhead electric power lines or storage tanks). Also consider the proximity and condition of surrounding buildings. …
[8] Supported Scaffold Inspection Checklist
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# Supported Scaffold Inspection Checklist # (The form must be completed by a Competent Person) Job Name/Location: Name of Competent Person: <table><tr><th></th><th>Safety Requirements</th><th>Yes</th><th>No</th><th>N/A</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Was the scaffold erected under the direction of the competent person?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Is the scaffold erected on firm and stable footing?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Is the scaffold secure and stable?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Are all component pieces such as locking pins, framing, bracing in place? (Make sure pieces are not missing, loose, or damaged.)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Is the lumber for scaffold planks of scaffold grade and free of cracks, splits, and damage?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Has safe access been provided (such as a ladder, ramp, or stairway) for employees to get on and off the scaffold? (No climbing of cross braces.)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Has the scaffold been constructed and loaded in accordance with the 4 to1 base height ratio?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Is the scaffold plumb, square, and level?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Is the scaffold able to hold four times its maximum intended load?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Are all open sides of the scaffold protected?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Are guardrails or a means of fall protection in place above 10 feet? (Guardrail system must include top rail, mid rail, and toe board).</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Are guardrails installed at a height between 36" and 45"?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Are toe boards at least 3 ½ inches high?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Is the front of the working platform …
[9] Hazard and Risk - Sample Risk Assessment Form
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# What is a sample risk assessment form? (cont.) ## Sample Risk Assessment Form (cont.) <table><tr><th>Step or task</th><th>Hazard</th><th>Consequences or harm</th><th>Risk</th><th>Priority</th><th>Hazard Controls</th></tr><tr><td>EXAMPLE: Working at heights while on a ladder</td><td>Safety hazard: falling from heights</td><td>Serious injury due to a fall</td><td>High risk</td><td>1</td><td>Follow the hierarchy of controls for working at heights Elimination: when possible, perform work from the ground. Engineering controls: use an elevating work platform when appropriate. Administrative controls:</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>development of fall protection plans, safe work procedures, emergency response plans for working at heights, and adequate training (including working heights and fall protection training, elevating work platform training, ladder safety, training on safe work procedures and emergency response, etc.). Personal protective equipment: fall arrest system and equipment, head protection, high-visibility. clothing, protective footwear, face and eye protection, emergency response equipment, and other appropriate equipment for the job.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> Hazard and Risk - Sample Risk Assessment Form CCOHS
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