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Write a risk assessment for window glass cleaning high rise building USING BMU

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High-Rise Building Window Glass Cleaning Using a Building Maintenance Unit (BMU) =================================================================================

Assessment Date: \[DATE]

Assessor: \[ASSESSOR NAME]

Department/Area: \[DEPARTMENT/AREA]

Review Date: \[REVIEW DATE]

1\. Assessment Scope

This risk assessment covers planned window glass cleaning operations on the exterior of a high-rise building using a Building Maintenance Unit (BMU), including access to the roof or BMU operating area, setup and use of suspended access equipment, cleaning activities at height, movement along the façade, and demobilization after work completion. It includes hazards associated with falls from height, suspension in a harness, dropped objects, equipment failure, weather and wind exposure, and emergency rescue from suspended access systems. The assessment applies to employees, supervisors, competent persons, rescue personnel, and any other persons who may be exposed to the work area or drop zones. It excludes structural repairs, façade replacement, major BMU installation or modification, and any work requiring specialist engineering beyond routine cleaning operations unless separately assessed and authorized.

2\. Risk Assessment Methodology

This assessment uses a structured hazard identification and risk evaluation process based on a 5x5 matrix approach. Hazards are identified for each stage of the task, the initial risk is rated using likelihood and severity, and controls are selected using the hierarchy of controls: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE. Residual risk is then reassessed after controls are applied. The assessment also incorporates permit-to-work requirements, pre-use inspection, competent person oversight, rescue planning, and ongoing monitoring to ensure controls remain effective throughout the task.

3\. Risk Matrix Reference

The following matrix is used to evaluate risk levels based on likelihood and severity:

		Likelihood

4\. Hazard Identification and Risk Evaluation

1\. Fall from height while accessing, boarding, operating, or exiting the BMU platform or suspended work position.

Potential Consequences: A fall could result in fatal injuries, major trauma, fractures, spinal injury, or permanent disability. A fall while suspended may also lead to suspension trauma if rescue is delayed. [1] [1]

Affected Persons: BMU operators, window cleaners, supervisors assisting with setup, and rescue personnel.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Catastrophic	Extreme

Control Measures

Eliminate unnecessary exposure by planning work so access routes, tie-off points, and cleaning sequences minimize time at the edge.
Use a BMU and access system designed for the task and approved for the building, with independent fall arrest protection where required.
Provide engineering controls such as compliant anchorages, lifelines, guardrails, interlocks, and secure access/egress arrangements.
Implement a permit-to-work system, pre-task briefing, competent person oversight, and a written work plan reviewed with workers and building management.
Require full-body harnesses, compatible connectors, and fall arrest equipment worn and connected as required before approaching the point of suspension.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Catastrophic	High

2\. Failure, misuse, or incompatibility of suspended access equipment, including BMU components, connectors, lifelines, anchorages, or fall arrest devices.

Potential Consequences: Equipment failure may cause a fall, uncontrolled descent, platform instability, or inability to complete a rescue. Incompatible connectors may disengage or reduce system strength. [1] [3]

Affected Persons: Window cleaners, BMU operators, maintenance staff, and rescuers.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Catastrophic	Extreme

Control Measures

Eliminate use of defective, modified, or non-approved equipment from service immediately.
Use only equipment designed for window cleaning and suspended access, with components compatible with the full system.
Apply engineering controls through certified anchorages, independent fall arrest anchorage, and manufacturer-approved BMU interfaces.
Require pre-use inspection, scheduled maintenance, and inspection by a competent person before each shift and after any event that may affect integrity.
Prohibit unsafe or non-compliant equipment such as portable sills, window jacks, capstan devices, and non-compliant polypropylene ropes.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Rare	Catastrophic	High

3\. Dropped objects from tools, cleaning equipment, debris, or materials falling from the BMU platform or façade.

Potential Consequences: Dropped objects can strike workers below, pedestrians, vehicles, or property, causing serious injury, fatality, or damage to glass and building surfaces. [2] [9]

Affected Persons: Workers on lower levels, pedestrians, occupants, visitors, traffic, and the public.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Likely	Major	Extreme

Control Measures

Eliminate loose items at height by using only essential tools and materials.
Use engineering controls such as tool lanyards, secured buckets, toe boards where applicable, debris containment, and exclusion zones below the work area.
Establish drop zones and barricade them with clear signage and access control.
Use administrative controls including tool accountability, housekeeping checks, and controlled transfer of materials to and from the platform.
Require PPE including hard hats, safety footwear, and eye protection for exposed workers and any authorized persons in the area.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Major	High

4\. Adverse weather and wind affecting BMU stability, worker balance, visibility, and control of tools or suspended equipment.

Potential Consequences: High winds, rain, ice, lightning, or poor visibility may cause loss of balance, collision with the façade, dropped objects, equipment swing, or inability to conduct a safe rescue. [9] [7]

Affected Persons: Window cleaners, BMU operators, rescue personnel, and persons below the work area.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Likely	Major	Extreme

Control Measures

Eliminate work during unsafe weather conditions by stopping operations when wind or weather exceeds site limits or manufacturer limits.
Use engineering controls such as anemometers or wind monitoring devices and secure stowage for the BMU when not in use.
Set administrative stop-work criteria for wind, lightning, rain, ice, fog, and extreme temperatures, with authority for workers and supervisors to suspend work.
Review weather forecasts before work and continuously monitor conditions during the shift.
Provide suitable PPE for weather exposure, including gloves, eye protection, and thermal or rain protection where appropriate.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Major	High

5\. Inadequate operator competency, supervision, or training for BMU operation, suspended access, and rescue response.

Potential Consequences: Incorrect operation may lead to collision, overloading, improper tie-off, delayed rescue, equipment damage, or unsafe emergency response. [2]

Affected Persons: BMU operators, window cleaners, supervisors, rescue personnel, and others relying on the system.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Major	High

Control Measures

Eliminate untrained personnel from operating or supervising the BMU.
Use only competent and authorized operators, with qualified oversight for complex tasks and rescue planning.
Provide task-specific training on BMU operation, fall protection, rescue procedures, communication, and emergency shutdown.
Use written procedures, pre-job briefings, and supervision to verify understanding before work begins.
Maintain records of competency, refresher training, and authorization status.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Rare	Major	Medium

6\. Failure to use or correctly wear fall arrest and fall prevention systems, including harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, and anchorage connections.

Potential Consequences: A worker may fall from height, suffer suspension trauma, or be unable to self-rescue. Incorrect fit or connection may increase injury severity. [1] [3]

Affected Persons: Window cleaners and any worker exposed to the edge or suspended position.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Catastrophic	Extreme

Control Measures

Eliminate exposure where travel restraint or guardrail protection can prevent approach to the edge.
Use engineering controls such as independent fall arrest anchorage and compatible connectors.
Require full-body harnesses and compatible fall arrest systems to be assembled and worn before approaching the point of suspension.
Implement administrative checks for correct fit, connection, and continuous attachment while suspended.
Provide PPE inspection before each use and remove damaged equipment from service immediately.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Catastrophic	High

7\. Emergency rescue delay following a fall, medical event, or equipment malfunction while a worker is suspended.

Potential Consequences: Delayed rescue can cause suspension trauma, worsening injury, loss of consciousness, organ damage, or death. Rescue attempts may also expose rescuers to the same hazards. [4] [6]

Affected Persons: Suspended workers, rescue personnel, and supervisors coordinating the response.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Catastrophic	Extreme

Control Measures

Eliminate reliance on emergency services alone by establishing a site-specific rescue plan before work begins.
Use engineering and administrative controls to ensure rescue equipment, access routes, and communication systems are immediately available.
Assign trained rescue personnel with defined roles and responsibilities and conduct rescue drills before the task starts.
Include self-rescue, assisted rescue, and retrieval methods appropriate to the BMU and building layout.
Maintain first aid supplies, communication backup, and a clear route for medical transfer if required.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Major	High

8\. Sharp edges, façade projections, window frames, ledges, cornices, or overhangs damaging ropes, lifelines, or other suspension components.

Potential Consequences: Abrasion, cutting, or failure of ropes and lifelines may lead to loss of support, fall arrest failure, or sudden descent. [2]

Affected Persons: Window cleaners, BMU operators, and rescue personnel.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Catastrophic	Extreme

Control Measures

Eliminate contact with sharp edges where possible by adjusting access position or work sequence.
Use engineering controls such as edge protection, padding, and rope protection devices secured against dislodgement.
Inspect the building exterior before use to identify hazardous edges and protrusions.
Use administrative controls to define safe travel paths and prohibit movement across unprotected edges.
Require PPE and equipment compatible with the work environment, with damaged ropes or connectors removed from service.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Rare	Major	Medium

9\. Slips, trips, and manual handling injuries during preparation, cleaning, and demobilization on the roof or BMU access area.

Potential Consequences: Workers may suffer sprains, strains, falls, or impact injuries, and may drop tools or lose control of equipment. [8]

Affected Persons: Window cleaners, BMU operators, supervisors, and maintenance staff.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Likely	Moderate	High

Control Measures

Eliminate unnecessary materials and keep access routes clear.
Use engineering controls such as non-slip surfaces, secure storage for tools, and adequate lighting where needed.
Apply housekeeping and manual handling procedures to keep walkways dry, clear, and unobstructed.
Use team lifting or mechanical aids for heavy items and limit carrying loads while moving near edges.
Require suitable footwear with slip-resistant soles and gloves for handling equipment.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Minor	Low

5\. General Control Measures

Implement a permit-to-work system for all BMU window cleaning activities.

The permit should confirm that the work area has been inspected, weather limits are acceptable, rescue arrangements are in place, equipment is inspected, and only authorized personnel are permitted to proceed.

Conduct a pre-task briefing and written work plan before each shift.

The briefing should cover the work sequence, drop zones, communication methods, emergency actions, stop-work authority, and any building-specific hazards. [2]

Restrict access to the work area and establish exclusion zones below suspended operations.

Use barriers, signage, and access control to protect workers, occupants, visitors, and the public from dropped objects and falling debris.

Ensure all BMU and fall protection equipment is inspected, maintained, and removed from service if defective.

Use pre-use checks, scheduled maintenance, and competent person inspections. Record defects, repairs, and authorization to return equipment to service. [10]

Maintain clear communication and supervision throughout the task.

Use radios or another reliable communication method, confirm backup communication, and ensure the supervisor can stop work immediately if conditions change. [11]

6\. Emergency Preparedness

A site-specific rescue plan shall be written, reviewed, and briefed before work begins. The plan must address suspension rescue, self-rescue, assisted rescue, medical emergencies, and equipment failure scenarios, and must not rely solely on calling external emergency services. [4]
Rescue equipment, first aid supplies, and communication devices shall be staged and immediately available at the worksite. Equipment must be suitable for the BMU configuration and the building geometry, and must be inspected before use. [5]
Rescue personnel shall be assigned in advance with clear roles for initiating rescue, contacting emergency services, controlling the area, and providing first aid. All workers must know how to raise the alarm and who has authority to stop the job. [4]
Emergency procedures shall include rapid retrieval of a suspended worker to prevent suspension trauma, with priority given to minimizing time in harness and transferring the worker to medical care if needed. [4]
The rescue plan shall identify access routes, roof exits, the quickest route to hospital, and any site-specific constraints such as restricted access, weather exposure, or ground-level obstructions. [6]

7\. Training Requirements

BMU Operator Competency Training: Operators shall be trained and authorized to operate the specific BMU model and associated controls. Training must cover safe start-up and shutdown, movement and positioning, load limits, emergency stop functions, communication, and recognition of abnormal conditions requiring work stoppage. [2]
- Pre-use checks and defect reporting
- Safe operation near the façade and roof edge
- Emergency lowering or shutdown procedures
- Manufacturer instructions and site rules
Fall Protection and Harness Use Training: Workers shall be trained in the correct selection, fitting, inspection, use, and limitations of full-body harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, connectors, and anchorage systems. Training must emphasize continuous connection where required and the need to assemble and wear fall arrest equipment before approaching the point of suspension. [1]

[1]

Harness inspection before each use
Correct adjustment of chest and leg straps
Compatibility of connectors and anchorage points
Removal from service of damaged equipment
Rescue and Suspension Trauma Awareness Training: All workers and designated rescuers shall be trained on rescue initiation, suspension trauma hazards, self-rescue where applicable, assisted rescue methods, and first aid actions following a fall or medical emergency. Training should include drills and simulated rescues so the team can respond quickly and safely. [4]

[11]

Recognizing signs of suspension trauma
Communication and alarm procedures
Use of rescue equipment and retrieval methods
First aid and CPR for designated rescuers
Dropped Object Prevention and Exclusion Zone Training: Workers shall be trained to secure tools, manage materials, maintain housekeeping, and respect exclusion zones below suspended work. Training must cover tool tethering, controlled transfer of equipment, and the prohibition on dropping or throwing items from height. [2]
Tool lanyards and secured containers
Barricading and signage
Housekeeping and material control
Public protection measures
Weather and Stop-Work Criteria Training: Workers shall be trained to recognize unsafe weather conditions, including high winds, rain, ice, lightning, poor visibility, and extreme temperatures, and to stop work when conditions exceed site or manufacturer limits. Training must include the authority to suspend operations without delay. [9]

[7]

Wind monitoring and thresholds
Weather forecast review
Cold, heat, rain, and lightning precautions
Stop-work authority

8\. Monitoring and Review

Review Frequency: Annually, and after any incident, near miss, equipment failure, rescue event, significant weather event, or change to the BMU system, building façade, work method, or rescue arrangement.

Monitoring Type	Frequency	Responsible Party	Description
Regular Inspection	Before each use and at the start of each shift	BMU operator and competent person	Inspect the BMU, suspension components, connectors, lifelines, harnesses, anchorages, and tool tethering arrangements for damage, wear, compatibility, and correct assembly. Remove defective equipment from service immediately.
Weather Monitoring	Continuously during operations, with formal checks before work begins and after any weather change	Supervisor or designated competent person	Monitor wind speed, precipitation, lightning risk, visibility, and temperature. Stop work when conditions exceed safe limits or when the building façade becomes slippery or unstable.
Work Area and Drop Zone Inspection	Before work begins and periodically during the shift	Supervisor	Verify that exclusion zones remain intact, access routes are clear, tools are secured, and no unauthorized persons have entered the hazard area below the work face.
Rescue Readiness Check	Before each job and during drills at planned intervals	Rescue team leader or qualified rescue supervisor	Confirm that rescue equipment, communication devices, first aid supplies, and access routes are available, functional, and appropriate for the specific BMU and building configuration.
Competency and Authorization Review	At induction, after retraining, and at least annually	Employer or safety manager	Verify that operators, cleaners, and rescuers remain competent, current, and authorized for the task. Review training records, drill participation, and any restrictions on work at height.

9\. Special Circumstances

High winds, storms, lightning, rain, ice, or extreme temperatures may require immediate suspension of work and additional controls for equipment stability, visibility, and worker exposure.
Night work or low-light conditions increase the risk of miscommunication, dropped objects, and incorrect connection of fall protection equipment. Additional lighting and supervision are required.
Lone work is not permitted for suspended window cleaning or rescue-critical tasks because immediate assistance may be required in the event of a fall, medical emergency, or equipment malfunction.
Work near public areas, traffic, or occupied lower levels requires enhanced exclusion zones, signage, and coordination with building management to protect third parties.
Cold weather, heat stress, or poor visibility can reduce dexterity, concentration, and rescue effectiveness, and must be considered in the permit-to-work and rescue planning process.

Approval and Sign-off

This risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by:

Assessor: _________________________ Date: __________

Manager/Supervisor: _________________________ Date: __________

Safety Representative: _________________________ Date: __________

This risk assessment must be reviewed annually, and after any incident, near miss, equipment failure, rescue event, significant weather event, or change to the bmu system, building façade, work method, or rescue arrangement. or when significant changes occur.

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11 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHA 29 CFR 1910) - 1910 Subpart I App C - Personal Fall Protection Systems Non-Mandatory Guidelines

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR # Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Part Number: 1910 - Part Number - Title: Occupational Safety and Health Standards - Subpart: 1910 Subpart I - Subpart Title: Personal Protective Equipment Standard - Number: 1910 Subpart I App C - Title: Personal Fall Protection Systems Non-Mandatory Guidelines. - GPO Source: e-CFR ## Appendix C to Subpart I of Part 1910 - Personal Fall Protection Systems Non-Mandatory Guidelines The following information generally applies to all personal fall protection systems and is intended to assist employers and employees comply with the requirements of $ 1910.140 for personal fall protection systems. (a) Planning considerations. It is important for employers to plan prior to using personal fall protection systems. Probably the most overlooked component of planning is locating suitable anchorage points. Such planning should ideally be done before the structure or building is constructed so that anchorage points can be used later for window cleaning or other building maintenance. (b) Selection and use considerations. (1) The kind of personal fall protection system selected should be appropriate for the employee's specific work situation. Free fall distances should always be kept to a minimum. Many systems are designed for particular work applications, such as climbing ladders and poles; maintaining and servicing equipment; and window cleaning. Consideration should be given to the environment in which the work will be performed. For example, the presence of acids, dirt, moisture, oil, grease, or other substances, and their potential effects on the system selected, should be evaluated. The employer should fully evaluate the work conditions and environment (including seasonal weather changes) Submit Feedback

[2] Occupational Health and Safety Standards (MNOSHA)

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# MINNESOTA RULES (cont.) ## 5205.0730 WINDOW CLEANING; BUILDING MAINTENANCE. (cont.) 5205.0730 # MINNESOTA RULES 54 C. "Competent person" means an experienced and trained individual who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are hazardous or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate the hazards. D. "Lifeline" means a flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and which serves as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall-arrest system to the anchorage. E. "Person" means an individual or legal entity, including a lessee. F. "Qualified individual" means an individual who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, and who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the equipment and systems pertaining to the work or project, and the development of plans for the work or project. G. "Rope descent system" means an assembly of components that supports one employee in a chair or seat board and allows the user to descend in a controlled manner and to stop at any time at a desired level of descent. A rope descent system is a variation of the single-point adjustable suspension scaffold, which is also known as a controlled descent device, controlled descent equipment, or controlled descent apparatus. H. "Window cleaning" means operations such as window washing, window restoration, window scraping, window sealing, waxing, or metal polishing, or any combination of the six. - Subp. 3. Written plan. Any person performing window cleaning operations or building maintenance operations shall provide a written plan developed by the employer or qualified individual before the…

[3] Fall Protection - Fall Protection Plan (General)

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# Fall Protection - Fall Protection Plan (General) (cont.) ## How do I know if my workplace should have a fall protection plan? Each workplace should seek the answers to the following questions: - How is working at heights defined in my jurisdiction? - Are workers working at heights? - Is a hazard assessment required (by law, other authority, or good practice)? - Are you required to have a fall protection plan? ## What are some areas to examine during a hazard assessment for fall protection? Look for all areas or situations where there is a risk of falling before any work begins. - Are there any areas where people may fall during tasks they are expected to do? Examples include: - from a height of 3 m (10 ft) or more - from heights less than 3 m (10 ft) where required (e.g., where there is an increased risk of injury) - into operating machinery - into water or other liquid - into or onto a hazardous substance or object - through an opening in a work surface - Are there controls in place to eliminate or reduce the likelihood of falls? - Are workers trained to recognize new or previously unrecognized fall hazards and report them immediately? - Do workers understand the protective measures taken to reduce falls (e.g., guardrails, safety nets, etc.)? - Is all equipment used by workers stable and in good repair, including guardrails, ladders and scaffolding? - Are floors in work areas in a clean and, so far as possible, dry condition? - Are workers educated and trained to understand how and when to use protective equipment safely? - Are the required personal protective equipment, available, maintained in good condition, and used as instructed? Fall Protection - Fall Protection Plan (General) CCOHS

[4] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## What is a working at heights rescue plan? (cont.) Relying only on calling for local emergency services after an incident as a rescue plan is not appropriate. Workers who fall and become suspended in their fall arrest harness need to be rescued immediately. Suspension trauma (also referred to as orthostatic intolerance) involves blood pooling in the lower body, reducing the amount of oxygen available to the brain and other vital organs. It occurs when a worker hangs in the harness for too long. The harness may create pressure, preventing the blood from circulating, or the worker may be in shock, unconscious, or otherwise not able to move their legs, causing blood to pool in their lower limbs. This trauma can occur in minutes and can cause serious health effects such as damage to the brain, kidneys or other organs. Death may occur in less than 30 minutes. The worker may have sustained an injury from the fall or be unconscious and be unable to rescue themselves or assist the rescuers. A rescue may be needed if a worker experiences a medical emergency while working at heights, such as heat stroke, fainting, and cardiovascular or respiratory distress, and is unable to get down on their own or requires immediate medical assistance. The plan must also consider that the conditions or hazards that caused the fall may also be a risk to other workers, including the rescuers. ## What elements should a rescue plan include? Before a specific task begins, make sure that the plan covers any possible scenarios experienced at the specific worksite. Adjust and modify the rescue plan as needed. A rescue plan should include the following details: - Be written, reviewed and posted before work begins - Identify who will conduct the rescue and their roles and responsibilities - Include procedures for identifying, assessing, and controlling hazards - Outline training requirements for both rescue personnel and work…

[5] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## What elements should a rescue plan include? (cont.) - Include procedures for: - rescue, including rope rescue, ladder rescue, retrieval lines, self-rescue, and location of anchor points - using any powered mobile equipment, mechanical hoisting systems or elevating devices that may be required during the rescue - first-aid and medical care for rescued or injured workers, including transport of the worker to the hospital - Identify the communication system that will be used. Make sure there is a backup system for the main method of communication - Identify all emergency exits and access routes within the worksite, including the roof and work area - Include procedures to clear and secure work areas that are unsafe or may interfere with a rescue - Provide contact information for local emergency medical and fire services, as appropriate (NOTE again: Relying only on calling local emergency services after an incident as a rescue plan is not appropriate.) - Review and update as needed (e.g., on a regular schedule, after changes to the worksite or tasks, and after a rescue or related incident) ## What should be included in a working at heights rescue plan? There are many factors to consider when developing a rescue plan. It is important to begin planning well before any work is done at heights to make sure the rescue plan is appropriate and that the rescue team is thoroughly trained. When developing the plan, involve qualified individuals competent in rescue at heights and those workers doing the work. Make sure the plan is specific for the job and considers the hazards, location, tasks being performed, environmental conditions, how and where a worker could fall and the type of rescue that would be needed, among other factors. Identify the hazards associated with the rescue. This information determines the rescue procedures, what equipment will be required, who will be on the rescue team, and w…

[6] PFAS Safety: Personal Fall Arrest Systems for Residential Construction Contractors

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# Keep Your Workers Safe Any Fall Can Be Fatal or Debilitating! (cont.) ## The ABC's of PFAS A PFAS must meet specific requirements. Some of these are described below. *** ## A - Anchor Point The anchor point (tie-off point) is a secure point of attachment for the fall arrest system's lanyard or lifeline. • Anchor point locations should be planned out before work begins. • The anchor point should be attached to a substantial structural member, such as a beam, girder, roof truss or rafter. • The anchor point must support either 5,000 pounds per worker (the weight of two small cars) or twice the intended load. • When installing anchor points, follow the manufacturer's instructions. A Never use a pipe or vent as an anchor point. Never use sheetrock screws to install an anchor point. ## B - Body Harness A full-body harness is required for a PFAS. The body harness distributes the force of a fall to reduce the chance of bodily injury. It includes shoulder and thigh straps, and a D-ring. A Body belts should never be part of a PFAS. A Make sure that D-rings are larger than the snap hook. Note: The connecting D-ring in a properly fitted harness should be located in the center of the upper back. Locking snap hook Harness Rope D-ring grab Lanyard with shock absorber Lifeline Not all PFAS components are interchangeable. ## C - Connecting Device A retractable lifeline or shock-absorbing lanyard and its connectors are used to link a full-body harness to the anchor system. Never hook lanyards together unless manufacturer approved. ! Shock-absorbing lanyards and retractable lifelines are rarely compatible-do not connect. Different types of connectors include carabiners, snap hooks, D-rings, and rope grabs. Connectors must have a minimum tensile strength of 5,000 pounds. ## D - Descent & Rescue You must have a plan for rescuing a worker whose fall has been arrested. • The plan should be designed to raise or lower a worker to safety without any p…

[7] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## What should be included in a working at heights rescue plan? (cont.) Other key considerations include determining how a rescue will be initiated and making sure the appropriate equipment is available and maintained. The ability to respond very quickly and retrieve the worker is essential. Plan for situations where the worker is injured, including procedures for first-aid, medical treatment, and getting the injured worker to the hospital. The quickest route to the hospital should be determined. In locations far from a hospital, additional measures may be needed to make sure a worker can receive appropriate medical attention, as required. Immediately before work begins, another assessment should be done to ensure that the rescue plan is still appropriate and that no additional hazards or factors have been overlooked. Check and follow any legislative requirements regarding rescue at heights in your jurisdiction. ## What personal protective equipment (PPE) do rescuers need to use? The required personal protective equipment will depend on the hazards and risks present and should be specified in the fall rescue plan. Common personal protective equipment includes fall protection equipment, head protection, eye protection, high-visibility apparel, gloves, safety footwear, and other equipment. A first-aid kit and rescue equipment and accessories will also be required. ## How are hazards identified and risks assessed for a rescue at heights? Developing a systematic and comprehensive method for identifying hazards and assessing risk is essential. Risk assessments should be done well in advance and again immediately before and during the work as conditions can change. The team responsible for developing the rescue plan needs to identify all hazards that may cause harm to workers during the work and a potential rescue. Hazards may include: - sources that may damage equipment or infrastructure, such as the pr…

[8] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## What are some important considerations for the anchor system? (cont.) The applicable legislation will include requirements for anchor points. The anchor system should be used and installed according to the manufacturer's specifications and may need to be certified by an engineer. ## How will the rescue team communicate during an emergency? During the rescue planning and risk assessment, identify the most effective means of communication. Consider how a worker requiring rescue will communicate with their supervisor and rescue team, and how the supervisor and rescue team will communicate with each other. Methods may include using radios, cell phones, headsets, or direct voice communication. Make sure all workers and rescuers know the communication protocols, including how a rescue will be initiated. The roles and responsibilities of each team member should be clearly defined and understood, including who is responsible for calling the rescue team and emergency services when a fall occurs. ## What kind of training does the rescue team need? Rescuers require a comprehensive set of skills and expertise which is gained through specialized training and experience. Frequent training, including drills and simulated rescues, is important to ensure the safety of workers and rescuers. They also need to be trained and familiar with the rescue plan and procedures, required equipment, and the hazards associated with the work and rescue. Training should occur multiple times a year and before a specific job requiring a rescue plan begins. Consult with fall rescue experts to develop a training regimen that is specific to the tasks, work environment, and the types of possible rescue procedures that will be used. Do your due diligence when selecting a training provider. Ask for references and the qualifications and experience of the trainers. Consult the local fire department and health and safety regulator for addit…

[9] Program Directive: Walking-Working Surfaces and Personal Protective Equipment (Fall Protection Systems), Final Rule; and Other Related Provisions

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# Walking-Working Surfaces and Personal Protective Equipment (Fall Protection Systems), Final Rule; and Other Related Provisions (cont.) ## Subpart -[Amended] (cont.) [redacted postal code] Federal Register/Vol. 81, No. 223/Friday, November 18, 2016/Rules and Regulations lifeline), or for connection to anchorages at both ends so as to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and serves as a means for connecting other components of the system to the anchorage. Personal fall arrest system means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a walking-working surface. It consists of a body harness, anchorage, and connector. The means of connection may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or a suitable combination of these. Personal fall protection system means a system (including all components) an employer uses to provide protection from falling or to safely arrest an employee's fall if one occurs. Examples of personal fall protection systems include personal fall arrest systems, positioning systems, and travel restraint systems. Positioning system (work-positioning system) means a system of equipment and connectors that, when used with a body harness or body belt, allows an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall or window sill, and work with both hands free. Positioning systems also are called "positioning system devices" and "work-positioning equipment." Qualified describes a person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project. Rope grab means a deceleration device that travels on a lifeline and automatically, by friction, engages the lifeline and locks so as to arrest the fall of an employee. A rope grab usually employs the principle of inertial locking, cam/lever locking, or both. Safety …

[10] Weather - High Winds

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Open source document

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CCOHS CCHST Weather Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail # Weather - High Winds ## On this page What are examples of hazards when working in high wind conditions? What are some steps to take during high winds? Is wind an issue in Canada? ## What are examples of hazards when working in high wind conditions? High winds may be the result of a storm, hurricane, tornado or other weather event. Hazards include: - Potential for injury when wind moves objects - Eye injuries from dust or debris in the air - Sprains or strains when the wind forces workers to fall, when workers try to reach for an object that is moving away from them, or when the wind pulls objects/doors from their hands - Potential for injury from broken glass as a result of objects striking a window or a door swinging with force - Exposure to skin, especially in the cold - Loads, equipment or vehicles that fall, drop, or tip over - Breaking of branches or uprooting of trees - Collapse of building, roof, scaffolding, fencing, towers, etc. - Broken power lines, leading to risk of electrocution and loss of electricity - Reduced visibility (due to dust, snow, etc.) - Spreading of fire from sparks or equipment - Operating suspended equipment (swing stages, cranes...) - Wildfire spread Weather - High Winds CCOHS

[11] WAC 296-880-[redacted postal code] - Window cleaning

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Open source document

Source excerpt

WAC 296-880-[redacted postal code] Window cleaning. This section applies to all window cleaning activities performed on the inside or outside of a building in which the window cleaner is working from a level that is located more than four feet above grade or lower level under the scope of chapter 296-878 WAC, Safety standards for window cleaning. (1) The employer must ensure employees working on a roof or other elevated working surface four feet or more above a lower level are protected in accordance with WAC [redacted identifier]. (2) The employer must ensure all workers suspended from a boat- swain's chair or rope descent system use an independent fall arrest system where the fall arrest anchorage is separate from the suspension system anchorage. (3) The employer must ensure workers assemble and wear their per- sonal fall arrest equipment before they approach the point of suspen- sion. (4) The employer must ensure workers are connected at all times to the fall arrest system while they are suspended. (5) The employer must prohibit use of the following equipment for window-cleaning operations: (a) Portable sills; (b) Window jacks; (c) Capstan devices to suspend workers; and (d) Suspension or fall-arrest ropes made entirely of polypropy- - lene that do not have a minimum breaking strength of five thousand pounds (22.2 kN). Additional requirements for window cleaning can be found in chap- ter 296-878 WAC, Safety standards for window cleaning. [Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060, and chapter 49.17 RCW. WSR 20-12-091, § 296-880-[redacted postal code], filed 6/2/20, effective 10/1/20.] Certified on 2/20/2023 WAC 296-880-[redacted postal code] Page 1

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Publisher: SALUS
Final reviewer: Francis Langlois
Original answer: Jun 27, 2026

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Topics

Emergency response Equipment safety Ergonomics Fall protection Hazard assessment Heat and cold stress Incident management Personal protective equipment Safety training

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Rosie's answer

1\. Fall from height while accessing, boarding, operating, or exiting the BMU platform or suspended work position.

Initial Risk Assessment

Control Measures

Residual Risk Assessment

2\. Failure, misuse, or incompatibility of suspended access equipment, including BMU components, connectors, lifelines, anchorages, or fall arrest devices.

Initial Risk Assessment

Control Measures

Residual Risk Assessment

3\. Dropped objects from tools, cleaning equipment, debris, or materials falling from the BMU platform or façade.

Initial Risk Assessment

Control Measures

Residual Risk Assessment

4\. Adverse weather and wind affecting BMU stability, worker balance, visibility, and control of tools or suspended equipment.

Initial Risk Assessment

Control Measures

Residual Risk Assessment

5\. Inadequate operator competency, supervision, or training for BMU operation, suspended access, and rescue response.

Initial Risk Assessment

Control Measures

Residual Risk Assessment

6\. Failure to use or correctly wear fall arrest and fall prevention systems, including harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, and anchorage connections.

Initial Risk Assessment

Control Measures

Residual Risk Assessment

7\. Emergency rescue delay following a fall, medical event, or equipment malfunction while a worker is suspended.

Initial Risk Assessment

Control Measures

Residual Risk Assessment

8\. Sharp edges, façade projections, window frames, ledges, cornices, or overhangs damaging ropes, lifelines, or other suspension components.

Initial Risk Assessment

Control Measures

Residual Risk Assessment

9\. Slips, trips, and manual handling injuries during preparation, cleaning, and demobilization on the roof or BMU access area.

Initial Risk Assessment

Control Measures

Residual Risk Assessment

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