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Write a toolbox talk on Acid rain

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Published by SALUS

Acid Rain Hazards and Environmental Health \& Safety Impacts ============================================================

Date: 2026-07-23

Duration: \[DURATION] minutes

Presenter: \[PRESENTER NAME]

Location: \[LOCATION]

Objective

To increase worker awareness of acid rain hazards, related environmental health and safety impacts, exposure risks from acidic mists and contaminated surfaces, corrosive effects on materials and infrastructure, and the controls needed to protect workers, equipment, and the environment through hazard communication, PPE, emergency response, and regulatory compliance.

Introduction

Acid rain is an environmental and workplace concern because it can damage surfaces, accelerate corrosion, contaminate runoff, and create exposure risks when acidic residues, mists, or contaminated water contact workers, equipment, or materials. In industrial and construction settings, acidic conditions may be associated with air pollution byproducts, chemical handling, battery charging areas, process emissions, or contaminated stormwater. Even when the source is not directly handled on site, the effects can still create slip hazards, skin and eye irritation, respiratory irritation, and long-term deterioration of metal, concrete, coatings, and electrical components. Good planning, hazard communication, and layered controls are essential to prevent injuries and environmental releases.

Presenter Note: Open by connecting acid rain to familiar jobsite issues such as rust, stained surfaces, damaged equipment, and runoff control. Emphasize that the hazard is both an environmental issue and a worker safety issue.

Key Points

Understand what acid rain can do on a jobsite: Acid rain and acidic deposition can weaken coatings, corrode metal, degrade concrete and masonry surfaces, and damage electrical enclosures, fasteners, tools, and vehicles. The damage is often gradual, so workers may not notice the hazard until equipment fails or surfaces become unsafe. Corrosion can also create sharp edges, weakened supports, and contaminated runoff that affects drains, soil, and nearby water systems.
- Inspect exposed metal, anchors, ladders, platforms, and utility components for corrosion.
- Treat unusual staining, pitting, or flaking coatings as a warning sign.
- Report damaged surfaces before they become a structural or electrical hazard.
Recognize worker exposure risks from acidic contamination: Workers may be exposed when acidic mist, splash, residue, or contaminated water contacts the skin, eyes, or respiratory system. Acidic materials can cause irritation, burns, and serious eye damage, and airborne mists can irritate the throat and lungs. Exposure may occur during cleanup, maintenance, spill response, battery charging, washdown, or work near emissions and runoff collection points.
- Avoid direct contact with unknown liquids or residues.
- Do not assume rainwater or runoff is harmless if it has contacted process areas or contaminated surfaces.
- Use ventilation and wet methods only when they do not create additional splash or aerosol hazards.
Use hazard communication to identify acidic hazards early: Workers must know what chemicals, emissions, or contaminated materials are present, how to recognize warning labels and Safety Data Sheets, and what controls are required before starting work. Clear communication is especially important when multiple trades share the same area or when weather conditions change runoff patterns and increase exposure potential.
- Review labels, SDSs, and site-specific procedures before handling acidic materials.
- Mark affected areas, drains, and containment zones clearly.
- Stop work and ask questions if the source of contamination is unknown.
Control air pollution and runoff to reduce acid rain-related impacts: Preventing emissions and controlling runoff are key parts of reducing acid rain impacts and protecting the site. Dust suppression, ventilation, equipment maintenance, spill prevention, and erosion and sediment controls help limit pollutants that can contribute to acidic deposition or carry acidic residues into the environment. Pollution prevention also supports safer work areas by reducing airborne particulates and contaminated surfaces.
- Maintain emission controls on equipment and generators.
- Keep containment systems, berms, and drain protections in place.
- Use housekeeping practices that prevent contaminated dust and liquid from spreading.
Apply the hierarchy of controls before relying on PPE: PPE is the last line of defense and should be used only after engineering and administrative controls have been considered. Where possible, isolate the hazard, ventilate the area, substitute less hazardous materials, and establish safe work practices. PPE remains important, but it does not remove the hazard and must be selected to match the specific exposure. [1]

[7]

Use engineering controls such as local exhaust ventilation, enclosures, and corrosion-resistant systems where applicable.
Use administrative controls such as restricted access, training, and scheduled inspections.
Use PPE as a supplement, not a substitute, for effective controls.
Maintain equipment and infrastructure to prevent corrosion-related failures: Corrosion from acidic exposure can weaken structural connections, damage coatings, and shorten the service life of tools and equipment. Preventive maintenance, inspection, prompt cleaning, and replacement of damaged components reduce the chance of sudden failure. Corroded surfaces should be treated as both a maintenance issue and a safety issue because they can create falling-object, electrical, and slip hazards.
Inspect metal surfaces, fasteners, and protective coatings routinely.
Remove contaminated residue promptly using approved methods.
Replace compromised components before they fail in service.

Hazard Identification

The following hazards are commonly associated with acid rain impacts, acidic contamination, and related environmental exposure conditions on industrial and construction sites.

Skin and eye contact with acidic rainwater, mist, or contaminated runoff: Chemical burns, eye injury, dermatitis, irritation, and possible permanent eye damage if exposure is not flushed and treated quickly.

(Risk: High)

Inhalation of acidic mist, vapors, or contaminated airborne particles: Respiratory irritation, coughing, throat discomfort, reduced visibility in misted areas, and aggravation of existing respiratory conditions.

(Risk: Medium)

Corrosion of metal structures, tools, fasteners, and electrical components: Equipment failure, weakened supports, exposed sharp edges, electrical malfunction, and increased risk of struck-by or collapse incidents.

(Risk: High)

Contaminated stormwater, runoff, and wash water entering drains or soil: Environmental contamination, regulatory violations, damage to drainage systems, and spread of acidic residues to other work areas.

(Risk: High)

Slips, trips, and falls on wet or chemically contaminated surfaces: Sprains, fractures, head injuries, and secondary exposure if a worker falls into contaminated liquid or onto corroded surfaces.

(Risk: Medium)

Presenter Note: Ask workers where they have seen corrosion, staining, or runoff problems on site. Encourage them to describe what the surface looked like before damage became obvious.

Control Measures

Use the hierarchy of controls to reduce acid rain-related hazards in this order: eliminate unnecessary exposure sources, substitute less corrosive materials where feasible, install engineering controls such as containment and ventilation, apply administrative controls such as inspections and restricted access, and use PPE as the final barrier. Review controls regularly to confirm they still work, do not create new hazards, and are being followed by all employees.

Implement source control and pollution prevention measures: Maintain equipment, reduce emissions, control dust, and prevent leaks or spills that can contribute to acidic contamination. Keep containment systems functional and ensure runoff is directed away from sensitive areas. [3]

[3] [3]

Use engineering controls for acidic materials and mists: Where acidic materials are handled, use local exhaust ventilation, enclosures, and corrosion-resistant systems to reduce airborne exposure and prevent release into the work area. [8]

[8]

Inspect and maintain infrastructure exposed to acidic conditions: Check metal, concrete, coatings, drains, and electrical enclosures for corrosion, cracking, pitting, or leakage. Remove damaged items from service and repair or replace them before failure occurs. [1]

[1]

Establish clear hazard communication and training: Train workers to recognize acidic hazards, understand labels and SDS information, and report leaks, unusual odors, staining, or corrosion immediately. Communicate site-specific controls before work begins and whenever conditions change. [4]

[4] [7]

Control access and housekeeping in contaminated areas: Restrict entry to affected areas, clean spills promptly, and keep walkways free of residue and standing water. Use barriers or signage to prevent workers from stepping into contaminated zones. [10]

[10]

Use PPE matched to the hazard and exposure route: Select chemical-resistant gloves, eye and face protection, protective clothing, and respiratory protection when needed based on the specific acidic exposure and task. Verify fit, condition, and compatibility before use. [9]

[9] [1]

Safe Work Procedures

Review the task, weather conditions, and site drainage before starting work. Identify areas where acidic runoff, residue, or corrosion may be present and establish the work boundaries. [3]

[3]

Inspect surfaces, equipment, and containment systems for corrosion, leaks, damaged coatings, or blocked drains. Remove defective equipment from service and report conditions that could worsen exposure or cause failure. [1]

[1]

Use approved cleanup methods for acidic residues and contaminated water. Do not dry sweep contaminated material or create splashes that can spread the hazard to other areas. [10]

[10]

Keep incompatible materials separated and never mix unknown liquids. If a corrosive release is suspected, stop work and follow the site spill response procedure before resuming operations. [8]

[8]

Document and report corrosion, spills, unusual odors, damaged coatings, or drainage problems promptly so corrective action can be taken before the issue spreads. [8]

[10]

Presenter Note: Walk the group through a simple sequence: identify the source, isolate the area, control runoff, clean safely, and report the condition. Reinforce that no one should improvise with unknown acidic liquids.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements

Chemical-resistant gloves: Wear gloves selected for the specific acidic exposure. Chemical-resistant gloves help protect against burns, irritation, and dermatitis, but they must be compatible with the chemical and inspected before use. Replace gloves that are torn, degraded, or contaminated beyond safe reuse. [5]

[12]

Choose glove material based on the chemical and task.
Inspect gloves before each use.
Remove contaminated gloves carefully to avoid skin contact.
Chemical safety goggles and face shield: Use tight-fitting chemical safety goggles when splash or mist exposure is possible, and add a face shield when there is a risk of splashing to the face. A face shield does not replace eye protection; it is used with goggles for full-face coverage. [9]

[2]

Wear goggles whenever acidic splash or mist exposure is possible.
Use a face shield for added facial protection.
Ensure eyewear fits properly and remains clean and functional.
Chemical protective clothing and boots: Wear protective clothing that prevents acidic liquid from contacting the skin, including aprons, coveralls, long sleeves, and chemical-resistant boots. Clothing should be selected to resist the expected exposure and should be removed promptly if contaminated. [9]

[2]

Cover exposed skin as much as practical.
Use boots that prevent liquid from entering the footwear.
Remove and decontaminate contaminated clothing promptly.
Respiratory protection when airborne exposure exists: If acidic mist, aerosol, or contaminated dust cannot be adequately controlled by ventilation or other engineering controls, use a respirator selected for the hazard and exposure level. Respiratory protection must be part of a proper program, including fit testing, training, and maintenance. [6]

[9]

Use respiratory protection only when required by the hazard assessment.
Select the respirator type based on the contaminant and concentration.
Ensure the respirator is approved, fitted, and maintained correctly.

PPE must be the correct type, in good condition, and used with proper training. Damaged, poorly fitting, or incompatible PPE can give a false sense of security and leave workers exposed.

Real-World Example or Case Study

A maintenance crew working near a drainage channel noticed rusting handrails, stained concrete, and recurring puddles after rainfall. The team initially treated it as a housekeeping issue, but a closer inspection found that acidic runoff from an adjacent process area was entering the drainage system and splashing onto walking surfaces. The site responded by isolating the area, improving containment, repairing damaged coatings, adding drainage controls, and requiring chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and protective clothing for cleanup tasks. The lesson was that corrosion and staining are early warning signs of a larger exposure and environmental problem. When the team acted early, they reduced the chance of worker injury, equipment failure, and a reportable environmental release. [3] [1] [10]

Presenter Note: Use this example to show that visible corrosion and staining are not cosmetic issues; they are indicators of exposure pathways that need immediate attention.

Group Discussion

Discuss the following questions:

Where on our site could acidic runoff, mist, or residue collect, and how would we recognize it early?
What engineering or housekeeping controls can we improve to reduce corrosion and exposure before relying on PPE?
If you found a corroded handrail, leaking container, or unusual runoff, what would you do first and who would you notify?

Presenter Note: Encourage workers to point out actual site locations, not just general hazards. Ask them to describe what they would do if they encountered an unknown liquid or damaged surface.

Emergency Procedures

If acidic material contacts the skin or eyes, stop work immediately and begin flushing with clean water using the site emergency eyewash or shower equipment. Remove contaminated clothing if it can be done safely and seek medical attention. [11]

[9]

If a spill, leak, or release is discovered, evacuate unnecessary personnel, isolate the area, and do not touch damaged containers unless wearing the proper protective equipment. Use approved containment and cleanup methods and report the incident according to site and regulatory requirements. [10]

[10] [10]

If there is a large release, uncontrolled runoff, or signs of structural damage, stop work and contact emergency response resources immediately. Prevent access to the area until the hazard is controlled and the site is declared safe. [10]

[10]

Questions and Answers

Invite questions and remind the group that early reporting of corrosion, runoff, and unusual staining helps prevent injuries and environmental releases.

Q: Why is acid rain a workplace safety issue and not just an environmental issue?

A: Because acidic deposition can damage materials, create slippery or contaminated surfaces, corrode equipment, and expose workers to irritating or corrosive residues. It can also contribute to runoff and drainage problems that affect the jobsite and surrounding environment.

Q: What should we do first if we find an unknown acidic residue or spill?

A: Stop work, keep people away, isolate the area, and follow the site spill response procedure. Do not touch the material unless you are trained, equipped, and authorized to do so.

Q: Can PPE alone control acid rain-related hazards?

A: No. PPE is the last line of defense and should be used with engineering controls, housekeeping, training, and hazard communication. It reduces exposure but does not remove the hazard.

Summary

Recap of main points:

Acid rain and acidic contamination can injure workers, damage infrastructure, and create environmental compliance problems if not controlled early.
Look for warning signs such as corrosion, staining, damaged coatings, wet surfaces, and unusual runoff patterns.
Use the hierarchy of controls first, then add properly selected PPE as the final barrier.
Report spills, leaks, and damaged equipment immediately so corrective action can be taken before the hazard spreads.

Action Items

Specific actions participants should take:

Inspect your work area for corrosion, runoff, and contaminated surfaces before starting work.
Use the required PPE for the task and replace damaged items immediately.
Report leaks, spills, damaged coatings, and drainage problems as soon as they are found.
Follow spill response and emergency procedures without improvising or mixing unknown materials.

Remember: Control the source, protect the worker, and stop the spread: prevent acid rain impacts before they become injuries.

Report all hazards, near-misses, and incidents to your supervisor immediately.

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12 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Sulfuric Acid

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# What Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is needed when working with sulfuric acid? Eye/Face Protection: Wear chemical safety goggles and face shield when contact is possible. Skin Protection: Wear chemical protective clothing e.g. gloves, aprons, boots. Suitable materials (sulfuric acid 30-70%) include: butyl rubber, natural rubber, neoprene rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Viton®, Viton®/butyl rubber, AlphaTec® (02-100, 4000, EVO, VPS), Kemblok®, Silver Shield® - PE/EVAL/PE, Saranex®ᵀM, Chemprotex® 300, ChemMAX® 3, Tychem® 6000. ## Respiratory Protection: Up to 15 mg/m³: (APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode*; or Any powered, air-purifying respirator with acid gas cartridge(s) in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter*. (APF = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and acid gas cartridge(s) in combination with an N100, R100, or P100 filter; or Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted acid gas canister having an N100, R100, or P100 filter; or Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece; or Any supplied- air respirator with a full facepiece. *Causes eye irritation or damage; eye protection needed. APF = Assigned Protection Factor Recommendations apply only to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) approved respirators. Refer to the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for more information. Fact sheet last revised: 2023-01-27 ## Disclaimer Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy, currency and completeness of the information, CCOHS does not guarantee, warrant, represent or undertake that the information provided is correct, accurate or current. CCOHS is not liable for any loss, claim, or demand arising directly or indirectly from any use or reliance upon the information. Sulfuric Acid CCOHS

[2] Tool Box Talk: Personal Protective Equipment

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MIOSHA Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration ## Special points of interest: • Wear Hard Hats, Safety Glasses, and Work Boots on job sites. • Use face shields and goggles when safety glasses are not enough • Wear safety toe foot- wear when feet can be crushed by heavy objects # Tool Box Talk Personal Protective Equipment MIOSHA Construction Safety Standard Part 6. Personal Protective Equipment Employer: Shall provide, at no expense to the employee, the initial issue of personal protective equipment (PPE) and replacement equipment necessary due to reasonable wear and tear required, unless specifically indicated otherwise or other employer/employee agreement specifically requires employees to provide such equipment. Employee: An employee shall wear PPE when prescribed by the MIOSHA rules. ## Head protection (Hard Hat): . Class A hard hat shall be used where a hazard from falling or flying objects or particles or from other harmful contacts or exposures may be present • physically altered, painted, or damaged hard hats shall not be worn • Wear hard hat brim forward • Do not ware baseball hats underneath ## Eye and face protection: - Z87.1 safety glasses shall be used where a hazard exists from flying objects or particles, harmful contacts, such as when using power tools, hammers, and working over head. • An employee who needs corrective lenses where eye protection is required shall be protected by 1 of the following: (a) Spectacles whose protective lenses provide optical correction. (b) Goggles that can be worn over the corrective lenses without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacles. - Use goggles when working around dust, chemicals - Use face shields to protect face from particles, chemicals Face shields do not protect eyes from flying object high impacts, must use Z87.1 safety glasses underneath ## Foot protection: • Employee Provided / Employer must require • ANSI Z41-1999 or ASTM 2412 & 2413 certified footwear mu…

[3] Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guide

Page 35

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# SAMPLE PPE POLICIES # Introduction The purpose of the Personal Protective Equipment Policies is to protect the employees of (Name of your business) from exposure to work place hazards and the risk of injury through the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE is not a substitute for more effective control methods and its use will be considered only when other means of protection against hazards are not adequate or feasible. It will be used in conjunction with other controls unless no other means of hazard control exist. Personal protective equipment will be provided, used, and maintained when it has been determined that its use is required to ensure the safety and health of our employees and that such use will lessen the likelihood of occupational injury and/or illness. This section addresses general PPE requirements, including eye and face, head, foot and leg, hand and arm, body (torso) protection, and protection from drowning. Separate programs exist for respiratory protection and hearing protection as the need for participation in these programs is established through industrial hygiene monitoring. (List other programs or policies requiring PPE, such as Hearing Protection, Respiratory Protection, Fall Protection, etc., that you may have at your work place) are also addressed in (State the section or location in your Accident Prevention Program where they are found) The (Name of your business) Personal Protective Equipment Policies includes: - Responsibilities of supervisors and employees • Hazard assessment and PPE selection - Employee training - Cleaning and Maintenance of PPE Sample Policies-2

[4] Battery Charging - Industrial Lead-Acid Batteries

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# Battery Charging - Industrial Lead-Acid Batteries (cont.) ## Why can you get a burn from acid when handling the batteries? (cont.) - Take care not to rinse contaminated water into the unaffected eye, or onto the face or skin. - First aiders should avoid direct contact. Wear chemical protective gloves, eye and face protection and other PPE, as necessary. - Quickly transport the victim to an emergency care facility or call 911. If safe to do so, continue flushing during transport. - Safely dispose of contaminated clothing, equipment, and materials. ## What should I know about watering a lead-acid battery? Flooded lead-acid batteries (e.g., used in some electric forklifts) contain an electrolyte solution of sulfuric acid and distilled water. During normal operation, the water evaporates and needs to be refilled (watered) to keep the battery operating effectively and safely. Use distilled water. Do not add sulfuric acid to the electrolyte. Batteries should be watered after it has been fully charged and has cooled down. Do not water a battery before or during charging, as the water may boil over and cause acid to leak from the battery. Develop procedures on how to safely water a battery, based on the manufacturer's instructions, and train workers. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn, including eye and face protection (e.g., chemical safety goggles and face shield); chemical-resistant gloves, aprons, and boots; or other protective clothing as needed. Make sure to water the batteries in the designated charging area where there is access to spill response equipment, PPE, and emergency eyewash stations or showers. There are also sealed batteries, such as absorbed glass mat batteries, which have the electrolyte fluid sealed into the battery, and do not require distilled water to be added. Always use the type of battery that is compatible with the equipment and recommended by the manufacturer. ## Are there any other hazards involved? It…

[5] Toolbox Talk: Construction Pollution Prevention

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# CONSTRUCTION POLLUTION PREVENTION Date Posted: 09/20/2016 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention requires a lot of coordination and onsite management lending itself to potential overlap and collaboration opportunities between sustainability and safety. There are a number of parallels between safety supervision and construction activity pollution prevention that can make a jobsite and the surrounding community safer. The following are a few examples: - Jobsite safety walks for exterior construction activities • Trip and fall protection during exterior groundwork and construction • Prevention of exposure to chemicals from leaks/spills • Dust control to keep particulates out of airways • Air quality associated with equipment emissions • Erosion and sedimentation control ## NOISE EXPOSURE The employer must have an annual training program for workers exposed to noise at or above an eight-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels and follow standards. PPE PPE STANDARDS SITE CLEARING ## QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION Why is this important? • Which trades require participation? How long is it in effect? • What equipment & materials are involved? How is it communicated & monitored? • How is it measured & reported? ## PRESENTER TIPS • Pre-read the Toolbox Talk. Your comfort level and confidence will be higher if you know your topic. Discuss related tasks, work areas or events that make the Toolbox Talk relevant to your job site. • Involve the workers by asking questions and input that drives discussion.

[6] Safety Data Sheet - Nitric Acid

Page 6

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# SECTION 7: Handling and storage (cont.) ## SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection (cont.) <table><tr><th>Component</th><th>CAS-No.</th><th>Value</th><th>Control parameters</th><th>Basis</th></tr><tr><td>nitric acid</td><td>7697-37-2</td><td>TWA</td><td>2 ppm</td><td>USA. ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>STEL</td><td>4 ppm</td><td>USA. ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>ST</td><td>4 ppm 10 mg/m3</td><td>USA. NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>TWA</td><td>2 ppm 5 mg/m3</td><td>USA. NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>TWA</td><td>2 ppm 5 mg/m3</td><td>USA. Occupational Exposure Limits (OSHA) Table Z-1 Limits for Air Contaminants</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>PEL</td><td>2 ppm 5 mg/m3</td><td>California permissible exposure limits for chemical contaminants (Title 8, Article 107)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>STEL</td><td>4 ppm 10 mg/m3</td><td>California permissible exposure limits for chemical contaminants (Title 8, Article 107)</td></tr></table> Derived No Effect Level (DNEL) <table><tr><th>Application Area</th><th>Routes of exposure</th><th>Health effect</th><th>Value</th></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Workers</td><td>Inhalation</td><td>Acute local effects</td><td>2.6 mg/m3</td></tr><tr><td>Workers</td><td>Inhalation</td><td>Long-term local effects</td><td>1.3 mg/m3</td></tr><tr><td>Consumers</td><td>Inhalation</td><td>Acute local effects</td><td>1.3 mg/m3</td></tr><tr><td>Consumers</td><td>Inhalation</td><td>Long-term local effects</td><td>0.65 mg/m3</td></tr></table> ## 8.2 Exposure controls ## Appropriate engineering controls Immediately change contaminated clothing. Apply preventive skin protection. Wash hands and face after working with substance. Personal protective equipment ## Eye/face protection Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriat…

[7] Sulfuric Acid

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# What are first aid measures for sulfuric acid? (cont.) ## What are fire hazards and extinguishing media for sulfuric acid? (cont.) Specific Hazards Arising from the Chemical: Contact with water causes violent frothing and spattering. Reacts with metals to produce highly flammable hydrogen gas. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated releasing contents. In a fire, the following hazardous materials may be generated: corrosive sulfur oxides. ## What are the stability and reactivity hazards of sulfuric acid? - Chemical Stability: Normally stable. - Conditions to Avoid: Water, moisture or humidity. - Incompatible Materials: Highly reactive. Reacts violently with: many chemicals, including, water. Corrosive to: aluminum alloys, carbon steel, and other metals. - Hazardous Decomposition Products: None known. - Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: None known. ## What are unintentional release measures for sulfuric acid? Personal Precautions: Evacuate the area immediately. Isolate the hazard area. Keep out unnecessary and unprotected personnel. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled product unless wearing appropriate protective equipment. Remove or isolate incompatible materials as well as other hazardous materials. Methods for Containment and Clean-up: Small spills or leaks: contain and soak up spill with absorbent that does not react with spilled product. Place used absorbent into suitable, covered, labelled containers for disposal. Large spills or leaks: contain and soak up spill with absorbent that does not react with spilled product. Dike spilled product to prevent runoff. Remove or recover liquid using pumps or vacuum equipment. Place used absorbent into suitable, covered, labelled containers for disposal. Store recovered product in suitable containers that are: corrosion-resistant. Contaminated absorbent poses the same hazard as the spilled product. Other Information: Large spills: contact supplier, local fire and emergency services for …

[8] Sulfuric Acid

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# What are first aid measures for sulfuric acid? (cont.) ## What are unintentional release measures for sulfuric acid? (cont.) Handling: Avoid generating vapours or mists. Immediately report leaks, spills, or failures of the safety equipment (e.g., ventilation system). Prevent unintentional contact with incompatible chemicals. Never add water to a corrosive. Always add corrosives slowly to COLD water. If the product is transferred to another container, ensure the new container is suitable for the product. Never reuse empty containers, even if they appear to be clean. Storage: Store in an area that is: cool, dry, out of direct sunlight and away from heat and ignition sources, separate from incompatible materials. Avoid bulk storage indoors. Regularly inspect for physical changes or signs of crystallization, damage or leaks. ## What is the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) recommended exposure limit for sulfuric acid? ACGIH® TLV® - TWA: 0.2 mg/m³ (T) A2(M) Exposure Guideline Comments: TLV® = Threshold Limit Value. TWA = Time-Weighted Average. T = Thoracic particulate matter. Sulfuric acid itself has not been evaluated for carcinogenicity. (M) ACGIH has evaluated strong inorganic mists containing sulfuric acid. This classification is A2 - Suspected human carcinogen. Adapted from: 2022 TLVs® and BEls® - Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) NOTE: In many (but not all) Canadian jurisdictions, the exposure limits are similar to the ACGIH® TLVs®. Since legislation varies by jurisdiction, contact your local jurisdiction for exact details. A list is available in the OSH Answers on Canadian Governmental Occupational Health & Safety Departments. A list of which acts and regulations that cover exposure limits to chemical and biological agents is available on our website. Please note that while you c…

[9] Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hazard Assessment Tool

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# Hazard assessment worksheet: Hand protection (cont.) ## PPE required (cont.) OSHA Oregon OSHA Department of Consumer and Business Services # Hazard assessment worksheet: Respiratory protection Salem Central Office [redacted street address]. NE Salem, OR [redacted postal code] Phone: [redacted phone] Toll-free: [redacted phone] osha.oregon.gov Appropriate respirators are required when workers are exposed above permissible exposure limits (PEL) for specific air contaminates, listed in [redacted phone], Oregon Rules for Air Contaminants; see also 1910.134, Respiratory Protection. Work task: <empty> Date: <empty> ## Potential hazards <table><tr><th></th><th>No hazards requiring respiratory protection</th></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nuisance dust or mist</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Welding fumes</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Asbestos</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Pesticides</td></tr><tr><td>ப:ப</td><td>Isocyanates</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Paint spray</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Organic vapors</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Acid gases</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Oxygen deficient, toxic, or IDLH atmosphere</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Other hazard:</td></tr></table> ## PPE required <table><tr><th colspan="2">Air-purifying respirators</th></tr><tr><td></td><td>None required</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Filtering face piece (dust mask)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Particulate-removing respirator</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Gas-and-vapor-removing respirator</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Combination aerosol filter, gas, or vapor-removing respirator</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Powered air-purifying respirator</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Atmosphere-supplying respirators</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>None required</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Supplied-air respirator</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Combination self-contained breathing apparatus and air-line respirator</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Combination air-purifying and atmosphere-supplying respirato…

[10] Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Checklist

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# Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Checklist <table><tr><th>General PPE Requirements</th><th>Yes</th><th>No</th><th>Comments</th></tr><tr><td>1. Has a hazard assessment to identify and control physical and health hazards been completed? If not, perform a hazard assessment.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2. Have engineering and/or administrative controls been applied prior to the use of PPE? If not, apply them first if applicable and appropriate.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3. Has appropriate PPE that matches the hazard been identified and provided to employees for use?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4. Has the effectiveness of the PPE program been reviewed, updated and evaluated periodically?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5. Have employees been trained on the use and care of the PPE?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6. Have employees been trained on the limitations of the PPE?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7. Is the PPE training documented and kept on file?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8. Are supervisors enforcing the use of required PPE?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9. Is PPE inspected regularly and properly maintained?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10. Is worn and damaged PPE removed from service and replaced?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11. When the following type of PPE is necessary, is the employer providing and paying for the PPE as stated by the OSHA standard 1910.132? Metatarsal foot protection - Rubber boots with steel toes Non-specialty-toe footwear (i.e. steel toe shoes/boots) if the employer does not permit it to be worn off the job site Non-prescriptive eye protection Prescriptive eyewear inserts/lenses for full face respirators Goggles and face shields Firefighting PPE (i.e. helmet, boots, gloves, full gear, proximity suits, etc.) Hard hats Hearing protection Welding PPE</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></t…

[11] Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guide

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# Hand And Arm Protection (cont.) ## Common types of protective gloves (cont.) <table><tr><th>Types</th><th>Protection</th><th>Use/Properties</th></tr><tr><td>Leather gloves</td><td> sparks • moderate heat • blows • chips • scraping against rough objects</td><td>• welding can be also used in combination with an insulated liner when working with electricity</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminized gloves</td><td>• insulation against intense heat</td><td>• most commonly when working with molten materials - welding, furnace, and foundry work • requires an insert made of synthetic materials that protect against heat and cold</td></tr><tr><td>Aramid fiber</td><td> heat and cold • cut- and abrasive-resistant</td><td>synthetic material; wears well</td></tr><tr><td>Metal Mesh</td><td> cuts and scratches</td><td>most commonly when working with cutting tools or other sharp instruments</td></tr><tr><td>Other synthetic materials</td><td>heat and cold • cut- and abrasive-resistant may withstand some diluted acids (but not alkalis and solvents)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fabric and coated fabric gloves</td><td>Varying degrees</td><td>Generally used to improve grip when handling slippery objects. They also help insulate hands from mild heat or cold</td></tr><tr><td>-Fabric</td><td>Dirt, slivers, chafing, and abrasion</td><td>Does not provide sufficient protection against rough, sharp, or heavy materials</td></tr><tr><td>-Coated fabric</td><td>General-purpose slip-resistant hand protection</td><td>Handling bricks, wire rope, chemical containers, etc. Cotton flannel with napping on one side, plastic coating on unnapped side</td></tr><tr><td>Chemical and liquid resistant gloves *</td><td>Burns, irritation, and dermatitis caused by contact with oils, greases, solvents, and other chemicals; also reduces the risk of exposure to blood and other potentially infectious substances</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>-Butyl rubber</td><td>Nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, red fuming nitric acid, ro…

[12] Toolbox Talk: Hierarchy of Hazard Controls

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# HIERARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROLS (cont.) ## THE FIVE LEVELS OF THE HIERARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROLS (cont.) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): PPE is the fifth control level and the least effective hazard control method. PPE should only be used as the last line of defense when other forms of control are not possible or practical. Example: PPE includes clothing, gloves, and other items that protect the body from hazardous exposure. ## DON'T FORGET TO REVIEW HAZARD CONTROL MEASURES! Review your control measures to ensure they are relevant and keep workers safe. When reviewing hazard control measures, consider the following: • Are the control measures working effectively in both their design and operation? • Are the control measures creating new problems or hazards? • Are you missing any hazards? • Are the new work methods, equipment, or chemicals making the job safer? • Are all employees following the safety procedures? • Do your employees need more instruction and training on how to work safely? • Are your employees actively identifying hazards and possible control measures? • Are your employees raising health and safety concerns and reporting problems promptly? • Are the frequency and severity of health and safety incidents reducing? ## RESOURCES Hierarchy of Controls | NIOSH | CDC Identifying Hazard Control Options: The Hierarchy of Controls (osha.gov)

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Publisher: SALUS
Final reviewer: Francis Langlois
Original answer: Jul 23, 2026

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Chemical safety Safety compliance Electrical safety Emergency response Equipment safety Hazard assessment Incident management Personal protective equipment Safety training

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