Create a jHA for office

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# Probability x Severity = Risk (cont.) ## Risk is a function of probability and severity (cont.) This material is for training use only # Prioritize Hazardous Jobs Once you have identified tasks you believe might be hazardous, you need to determine which tasks: - Are most likely to cause injury or illness • Will cause the most severe injury or illness ## Analyze the "Worst First" The hazards presenting the most risk need to be analyzed first. To determine risk objectively, use a structured method to prioritize hazards. ## Another Way to Prioritize Jobs To help prioritize jobs in your workplace, you might use a matrix like the one shown below. Use the risk matrix below to prioritize the four jobs listed in the previous exercise. (1=lowest priority, 9=highest priority) 3 6 O Very Likely 2 5 8 PROBABILITY Likely 1 4 7 Unlikely Minor Serious Fatality SEVERITY Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 6

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# This material is for training use only (cont.) This material is for training use only # To determine risk, crunch the numbers It may be useful to quantify your risk assessment, especially if your employer wants you to justify investing the time and money needed to conduct the JHA. To help you do that, use the criteria and ratings within the probability and severity tables below to determine the overall risk of a task. <table><tr><th colspan="2">Probability – - The likelihood of Injury or Illness</th></tr><tr><td>Criteria</td><td>Rating</td></tr><tr><td>Is the most likely and expected result if employee enters danger zone.</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Is quite possible, would not be unusual, has an even 50/50 chance.</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Would be unusual sequence or coincidence.</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Would be a remotely possible coincidence. It has been known to have happened.</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Extremely remote but possible. Has never happened after many years of exposure.</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Practically impossible sequence or coincidence. Has never happened when exposed.</td><td>1</td></tr></table> <table><tr><th colspan="2">Severity - The most likely consequence</th></tr><tr><td>Criteria</td><td>Rating</td></tr><tr><td>Fatality</td><td>100*</td></tr><tr><td>Lost-time injury</td><td>50*</td></tr><tr><td>Non-loss-time injury</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Minor cuts, bruises, bumps; minor damage</td><td>1</td></tr></table> *multiply score by the number of workers ## Exercise 2: Determine the risk scores for the jobs under analysis. Job 1 Probability Score × Severity Score = Risk Score Job 2 Probability Score × Severity Score = = Risk Score Job 3 Probability Score x Severity Score = = Risk Score Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 27

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# CONDUCTING THE JHA Step 5 - Write the Safe Job Procedure (SJP) (cont.) ## Safe Job Procedure (cont.) This material is for training use only Reviewing the JHA # Reviewing JHAS Supports Continual Improvement Periodically reviewing your job hazard analysis ensures that it remains current and continues to help reduce workplace accidents and injuries. Even if the job has not changed, it is possible that during the review process you will identify hazards that were not identified in the initial analysis. • It is particularly important to review your job hazard analysis if an illness or injury occurs on a specific job. Based on the circumstances, you may determine that you need to change the job procedure to prevent similar incidents in the future. • Any time you revise a job hazard analysis, it is important to train all employees affected by the changes in the new job methods, procedures, or protective measures adopted. Sensitunity Training ## Use the JHA as a lesson plan To get more value out of the JHA program, consider using the completed JHA as a lesson plan when training new employees. Incorporate the SJP into the organization's safety training plan. Doing so helps guarantee safe job procedures are taught from the start. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 22 22 22

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# What is a job hazard analysis (JHA) ? (cont.) ## Why is a job hazard analysis important? (cont.) This material is for training use only CONDUCTING THE JHA Step 1 - Prepare to conduct the JHA ## Conduct an initial job review Discuss with your employees the jobs and related hazards they know exist in their current work and surroundings. Ask them for ideas to eliminate or control those hazards. Any problems that can be corrected easily should be corrected as soon as possible. Do not wait to complete the JHA. This will demonstrate a commitment to safety and health and enable you to focus on the hazards and jobs that need more study because of their complexity. ## Review your accident history Review the history of accidents and illnesses that needed treatment, losses that required repair or replacement, and any "near misses" (events in which an accident or loss did not occur, but could have). These events may indicate existing hazard controls (if any) may not be adequate and deserve more scrutiny. What records and reports will you review? ## Involve your employees It is very important to involve employees in every step of the JHA process. What are some reasons to involve employees in the JHA? Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 3

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# This material is for training use only (cont.) This material is for training use only ° # CONDUCTING THE JHA Step 4 Develop Preventive Measures ## How do I correct or prevent hazards? After reviewing your list of hazards with the employee, consider what control methods will eliminate or reduce them. The most effective measures are engineering controls that physically change a machine or work environment. The less likely a hazard control can be circumvented, the better. If this is not feasible, management controls may be appropriate. The JHA itself can be an effective management control. ## Hazard Control strategies There are four approaches used to eliminate or reduce hazards and exposures. They are as follows: 1. Engineering controls - Strategies to eliminate or reduce the hazard primarily through equipment replacement, substitution, redesign, or other engineering methods. If you can get rid of the hazards in a job, you may not need to conduct the JHA! 2. Management controls (Also called administrative or work practice controls) - Strategies to eliminate or reduce exposure. You do this primarily by changing work practices, procedures, and schedules. Developing effective management controls is what the JHA is all about! 3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Using PPE is considered a - safe work practice and can be expected to be a part of most JHAS. PPE establishes a barrier between the hazard and the worker. PPE is most always used in conjunction with management and engineering controls. 4. Interim (temporary) measures. Cones, guards, tape, etc., can all serve to temporarily protect employees from hazards until permanent control strategies can be used. You may need to temporarily protect employees while working toward a permanent solution. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 18

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# This material is for training use only (cont.) ## Welcome! (cont.) This material is for training use only # What is a job hazard analysis (JHA) ? The JHA is an analysis and improvement process that can literally transform workplace safety. The JHA is a structured process that can discover the causes for the vast majority of workplace injuries and illnesses. ## Is the employer required to conduct a job hazard analysis? Most OR-OSHA standards do not specifically require the employer to conduct a JHA. However, the employer is required to take the necessary steps to furnish employment (jobs, tasks, procedures) that is safe and healthful. The JHA helps fulfill this requirement. Employers applying for OR-OSHA's Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP) and the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) usually conduct JHA's. ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment. Every employer shall... • furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and healthful for employees therein, and... . shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety and health of such employees. ## Why is a job hazard analysis important? Workers are injured and killed at the workplace every day in the United States. Safety and health can add value to your business, your job, and your life. One of the best ways to ensure safe work procedures is to conduct a JHA. What is a "job"? It's important to understand that a “job” in this procedure does not refer to the employee's job title or occupation such as forklift operator or roofer. Actually, we're analyzing a "task" that is composed of a series of steps. A typical job includes a number of tasks. For instance, a forklift operator not only operates the forklift, but may inspect, perform maintenance, change tires, load and unload materials, change batteries, etc. One or more of those tasks may be hazardous and in need of a JHA. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 2

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# This material is for training use only 11. Ergonomics. Improper lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, and twisting can cause strains and sprains. Hazards from poor ergonomics are the most common source of injury in the workplace. About 45 percent of all claims are related to poor ergonomics! Risk factors for poor ergonomics hazards exist in: The worker-physical/mental capability, prexisting conditions, etc. The task work that includes high force, repetition, frequency and duration, inappropriate posture, point of operation, contact stress, etc. The environment - noise, temperature, humidity, color, etc. Examples: 12. Biohazards. Exposure to plants, animals, or their products that may be infectious, toxic, or allergenic may cause illness and disease. People who work with animals, animal products or animal waste have a greater risk of infection. Biohazard agents include: 13 Bacteria - simple, one-celled organisms may or may not be harmful. Viruses organisms that depend on a host cell for development and reproduction. Fungi - may be small or large (mushroom) parasitic organisms growing in a living or dead plant or animal matter. Rickettsia - rod-shaped microorganisms that are smaller than bacteria and depend on a host for development and reproduction. Microorganisms are transmitted by fleas, ticks, and lice. Examples: Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 15

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# This material is for training use only (cont.) This material is for training use only CONDUCTING THE JHA Step 3 Describe the hazards in each step - ## Hazards and Exposure A hazard is an unsafe an employee. that could cause injury or illness to Exposure usually refers to an employee's placement relative to the hazard's ## Don't forget to look for potential hazards To ensure that all hazards associated with a step are identified, analyze each step to identify potential as well as actual hazards produced by both work environment and the activity being performed. Be sure to consider the following: • Is there danger of striking against, being struck by, or otherwise making harmful contact with an object? • - Can the worker be caught in, by, or between objects? • Is there potential for a slip or trip? • Can the employee fall from one level to another or even on the same level? • Can pushing, pulling, lifting, lowering, bending, or twisting cause strain? • Is the work environment hazardous to safety or health? • Are there concentrations of toxic gas, vapor, fumes, or dust? • Are there potential exposures to heat, cold, noise, or ionizing radiation? • Are there flammable, explosive, or electrical hazards? Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 10

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# Use the worksheet below to identify and list preventive measures in each step of the task your team has developed. (cont.) This material is for training use only # CONDUCTING THE JHA Step 5 - Write the Safe Job Procedure (SJP) ## Criteria for an Effective Safe Job Procedure - Write in a step-by-step format. Usually this means writing a number of paragraphs. • If no hazard or possible unsafe behavior exists in a step, just state the action. . If a hazard does exist in a step, state the action and identify: 1) the hazard 2) the possible injury it could cause, and 3) safety measures to prevent the injury. • Try to paint a word picture - concrete vs. abstract. • Write in the active voice - "take," not "should be taken." • Write as clearly as possible using simple words – “use,” not “utilize." - Keep sentences short. Use no more than 7-15 words. - Try to write in a less technical, more conversational style. ## Example Safe Job Procedure: Pounding a nail into a piece of wood. Before you begin, get a hammer, nails and two-by-four lumber. Be sure to check tools to make sure they are not defective. Check to ensure you have enough light to see the work. Select and put on leather gloves, goggles, and a face shield to protect your eyes. It's important to make sure they are clean, in good repair, and comfortable so they won't interfere with work. 1. Place a two-by-four on the work surface directly in front of you. Make sure the two-by-four is secured and stable. 2. Take a nail and place it on the 2x4 where you want to pound the nail. Use your thumb and fore- finger to hold the nail just below the head of the nail. Make sure you hold the nail so that the hammer will not hit your thumb or fingers. 3. Take the hammer and carefully tap the nail into the wood until it stands by itself. Brace the two- by-four with your free hand if you need to make sure the board does not move as you finish nailing. 4. Hammer the nail into the wood until the head of the …