how to change safety culture on a construction site

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## 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA) Hands-on-training where employees are able to use their senses beyond listening, will enhance learning. For example, operating personnel, who will work in a control room or at control panels, would benefit by being trained at a simulated control panel or panels. Upset conditions of various types could be displayed on the simulator, and then the employee could go through the proper operating procedures to bring the simulator panel back to the normal operating parameters. A training environment could be created to help the trainee feel the full reality of the situation but, of course, under controlled conditions. This realistic type of training can be very effective in teaching employees correct procedures while allowing them to also see the consequences of what might happen if they do not follow established operating procedures. Other training techniques using videos or on-the-job training can also be very effective for teaching other job tasks, duties, or other important information. An effective training program will allow the employee to fully participate in the training process and to practice their skill or knowledge. Employers need to periodically evaluate their training programs to see if the necessary skills, knowledge, and routines are being properly understood and implemented by their trained employees. The means or methods for evaluating the training should be developed along with the training program goals and objectives. Training program evaluation will help employers to determine the amount of training their employees understood, and whether the desired results were obtained. If, after the evaluation, it appears that the trained employees are not at the level of knowledge and skill that was expected, the employer will need to revise the training program, provide retraining, or provide more frequent refresher training sessions until the deficiency is resolved. Those who conducted the training and those who received the training sh…

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will be utilized in meeting this goal. - (iii) Provide for visible top management leadership in implementing the program and ensure that all workers at the site, including contract workers, are provided equally high quality safety and health protection, so that all will understand that management's commitment is serious. - (iv) Provide for and encourage employee involvement in the structure and operation of the program and in decisions that affect their safety and health, so that they will commit their insight and energy to achieving the safety and health program's goal and objectives. Involvement shall be accomplished through employee collective bargaining units, where appropriate. - (v) Assign and communicate responsibilities for all aspects of the safety and loss prevention program to managers, supervisors, and employees so that they all know and understand what is expected of them in the implementation of the program. - (vi) Provide a system to hold managers, supervisors, and employees accountable for their responsibilities under the safety (vii) and health program. - (viii) Provide a reliable system for employees to notify management personnel or safety and health committee members of conditions that appear hazardous or of noncompliance with the terms of

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order to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses and fatalities. At minimum, inspections shall be in accordance with this schedule: - (1) Projects employing one (1) to ninety-nine (99) persons, at any single moment in the work day, shall have an employee assigned to make at least one inspection each workday; - (2) Projects employing one hundred (100) to one hundred ninety-nine (199) persons shall have two employees assigned, each to make at least one inspection each work day; and - (3) Projects employing two hundred (200) or more persons shall have one additional designated employee for each three hundred (300) persons above one hundred ninety-nine (199) each to make at least one inspection each workday. Exception: Projects employing less than three (3) persons, need not comply with subsection (c). - (c) Written records of the daily safety and health inspections shall be kept on the project site for review by the director for the duration of the project. Inspection records shall include, at minimum, the following: - (1) The date and start time of the inspection; - (2) The name of the employee conducting the inspection; - (3) The scope (project areas) of the inspection, including the names of all contractors and subcontractors covered by the scope of the inspection; - (4) A brief description of all potential and actual hazards noted during the inspection; - (5) Name and title of the person responsible for correcting the identified hazards noted during the inspection; - (6) Information regarding how the hazard was eliminated, corrected, or abated including the inspector's recommendations for preventing the recurrence of the hazards. - (d) Warning signs shall be posted prohibiting unauthorized persons from operating potentially

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## 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA) incident investigation is for employers to learn from past experiences and thus avoid repeating past mistakes. The incidents for whicn OSHA expects employers to become aware and to investigate are the types of events which result in or could reasonably have resulted in a catastrophic release. Some of the events are sometimes referred to as 'near misses,' meaning that a serious consequence did not occur, but could have. Employers need to develop in-house capability to investigate incidents that occur in their facilities. A team needs to be assembled by the employer and trained in the techniques of investigation including how to conduct interviews of witnesses, needed documentation and report writing. A multi-disciplinary team is better able to gather the facts of the event and to analyze them and develop plausible scenarios as to what happened, and why. Team members should be selected on the basis of their training, knowledge and ability to contribute to a team effort to fully investigate the incident. Employees in the process area where the incident occurred should be consulted, interviewed or made a member of the team. Their knowledge of the events form a significant set of facts about the incident which occurred. The report, its findings and recommendations are to be shared with those who can benefit from the information. The cooperation of employees is essential to an effective incident investigation. The focus of the investigation should be to obtain facts, and not to place blame. The team and the investigation process should clearly deal with all involved individuals in a fair, open and consistent manner. 13. Emergency Preparedness. Each employer must address what actions employees are to take when there is an unwanted release of highly hazardous chemicals. Emergency preparedness or the employer's tertiary (third) lines of defense are those that will be relied on along with the secondary lines of defense when the primary lines of defens…