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Roof decking

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Risk Assessment for Roof Decking

Potential Hazards
  1. Tripping Hazards: Shear connectors and other protrusions can create tripping hazards if not properly managed during installation [1].
  2. Fall Hazards: Working at heights poses significant risks of falls, especially when working near unprotected edges or openings [2].
  3. Falling Objects: Loose materials and tools can fall from heights, posing risks to workers below [2].
  4. Structural Instability: Improperly secured decking can lead to structural failures or collapses [3].
  5. Weather Conditions: Wind and rain can increase the risk of slips and falls and affect the stability of materials [1].
Risk Assessment
  • Likelihood: High, due to the nature of working at heights and handling heavy materials.
  • Severity: Severe, as falls and structural failures can result in serious injury or death.
Control Measures
  1. Elimination/Substitution: Where possible, use prefabricated components that minimize on-site work at heights.
  2. Engineering Controls:
    • Install guardrails and safety nets around the work area to prevent falls [2].
    • Ensure metal decking is immediately secured upon placement to prevent movement [3].
  3. Administrative Controls:
    • Implement a controlled decking zone (CDZ) to limit access to areas where decking is being installed [4].
    • Conduct regular safety training and drills for all workers involved in roof decking [5].
  4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
    • Use personal fall arrest systems for all workers operating at heights [2].
    • Ensure all workers wear helmets to protect against falling objects.
Monitoring and Review
  • Conduct daily safety inspections of the worksite to ensure compliance with safety protocols.
  • Review and update risk assessments regularly, especially after any incident or near-miss.
  • Maintain a log of all safety training sessions and ensure all workers are up-to-date with their training [5].
Recommendations
  • Secure all tools and materials when not in use to prevent them from falling [2].
  • Use high-visibility paint or markings to identify hazards such as holes or edges [6].
  • Ensure that all decking gaps around columns are filled with appropriate materials to prevent falls [6].

By implementing these measures, the risks associated with roof decking can be significantly reduced, ensuring a safer working environment for all employees involved.

6 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 821

Open source document

Source excerpt

Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Division 3 ## 1926.759 Falling Object Protection - (a) Securing loose items aloft. All materials, equipment, and tools, which are not in use while aloft, shall be secured against accidental displacement. - (b) Protection from falling objects other than materials being hoisted. The controlling contractor shall bar other construction processes below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided. Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 3-2002, f. 4/15/02, ef. 4/18/02. ## 1926.760 Fall Protection - (a) General requirements. - (1) Except as provided by paragraph (a)(3) of this section, each employee engaged in a steel erection activity who is on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 15 feet (4.6 m) above a lower level shall be protected from fall hazards by guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems or fall restraint systems. - (2) Perimeter safety cables. On multi-story structures, perimeter safety cables shall be installed at the final interior and exterior perimeters of the floors as soon as the metal decking has been installed. - (3) Connectors and employees working in controlled decking zones shall be protected from fall hazards as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, respectively. - (b) Connectors. Each connector shall: - (1) Be protected in accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section from fall hazards of more than two stories or 30 feet (9.1 m) above a lower level, whichever is less; - (2) Have completed connector training in accordance with 1926.761; and - (3) Be provided, at heights over 15 and up to 30 feet above a lower level, with a personal fall arrest system, positioning device system or fall restraint system and wear the equipment necessary to be able to be tied off; or be provided with other…

[2] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 824

Open source document

Source excerpt

Division 3 AO 1-2011 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (i) The nature of the hazards associated with work within a controlled decking zone; and - (ii) The establishment, access, proper installation techniques and work practices required by 1926.760(c) and 1926.754(e). [66 FR 5265, Jan. 18, 2001, as amended at 73 FR [redacted postal code], Dec. 12, 2008] Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 3-2002, f. 4/15/02, ef. 4/18/02. OR-OSHA Admin. Order 6-2002, f. 7/19/02, ef. 7/19/02. OR-OSHA Admin. Order 8-2003, f. 12/30/03, ef. 1/1/04. OR-OSHA Admin. Order 5-2009, f. 5/29/09, ef. 5/29/09. ## [redacted phone] Additional training requirements ## (1) Certification of training. - (a) The employer shall verify compliance with this section by preparing a written certification record. The written certification record shall contain the name or other identity of the employee trained, the date(s) of the training, and the signature of the person who conducted the training or the signature of the employer. If the employer relies on training conducted by another employer or completed prior to the effective date of this section, the certification record shall indicate the date the employer determined the prior training was adequate rather than the date of actual training. - (b) The latest training certification shall be maintained. - (2) Retraining. When the employer has reason to believe that any affected employee who has already been trained does not have the understanding and skill required by this section, the employer shall retain each such employee. Circumstances where retaining is required include, but are not limited to, situations where: - (a) Changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete; or - (b) Changes in the types of fall protection systems or equipment to be used render previous training obsolete; or - (c) Inadequacies in …

[3] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 822

Open source document

Source excerpt

Division 3 AO 1-2011 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (c) Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ). A controlled decking zone may be established in that area of the structure over 15 and up to 30 feet above a lower level where metal decking is initially being installed and forms the leading edge of a work area. In each CDZ, the following shall apply: - (1) Each employee working at the leading edge in a CDZ shall be protected from fall hazards of more than two stories or 30 feet (9.1 m), whichever is less. - (2) Access to a CDZ shall be limited to only those employees engaged in leading edge work. - (3) The boundaries of a CDZ shall be designated and clearly marked. The CDZ shall not be more than 90 feet (27.4 m) wide and 90 (27.4 m) feet deep from any leading edge. The CDZ shall be marked by the use of control lines or the equivalent. Examples of acceptable procedures for demarcating CDZ's can be found in Appendix D to this Subpart. - (4) Each employee working in a CDZ shall have completed CDZ training in accordance with 1926.761. - (5) Unsecured decking in a CDZ shall not exceed 3,000 square feet (914.4 m2). - (6) Safety deck attachments shall be performed in the CDZ from the leading edge back to the control line and shall have at least two attachments for each metal decking panel. - (7) Final deck attachments and installation of shear connectors shall not be performed in the CDZ. - (d) Criteria for fall protection equipment. Note to paragraphs (d)(1), (2) and (3) : In Oregon, please refer to Subdivision 3/M, Fall Protection. - (1) Guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems and their components shall conform to the criteria in 1926.502 (see Appendix G to this subpart). - (2) Fall arrest system components shall be used in fall restraint systems and shall conform to the criteria in 1926.502 (see Appendix G). Either body belts or body harnesses shall be used in fall restraint s…

[4] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 809

Open source document

Source excerpt

Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Division 3 - (1) Tripping hazards. Shear connectors (such as headed steel studs, steel bars or steel lugs), reinforcing bars, deformed anchors or threaded studs shall not be attached to the top flanges of beams, joists or beam attachments so that they project vertically from or horizontally across the top flange of the member until after the metal decking, or other walking/working surface, has been installed. - (2) Installation of shear connectors on composite floors, roofs and bridge decks. When shear connectors are used in construction of composite floors, roofs and bridge decks, employees shall lay out and install the shear connectors after the metal decking has been installed, using the metal decking as a working platform. Shear connectors shall not be installed from within a controlled decking zone (CDZ), as specified in 1926.760(c)(8). ## (d) Plumbing-up. - (1) When deemed necessary by a competent person, plumbing-up equipment shall be installed in conjunction with the steel erection process to ensure the stability of the structure. - (2) When used, plumbing-up equipment shall be in place and properly installed before the structure is loaded with construction material such as loads of joists, bundles of decking or bundles of bridging. - (3) Plumbing-up equipment shall be removed only with the approval of a competent person. - (e) Metal decking. - (1) Hoisting, landing and placing of metal decking bundles. - (i) Bundle packaging and strapping shall not be used for hoisting unless specifically designed for that purpose. - (ii) If loose items such as dunnage, flashing, or other materials are placed on the top of metal decking bundles to be hoisted, such items shall be secured to the bundles. - (iii) Bundles of metal decking on joists shall be landed in accordance with 1926.757(e)(4). - (iv) Metal decking bundles shall be landed on framing members so that enough support is provided to allow the bundles to be unban…

[5] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 811

Open source document

Source excerpt

Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules AO 1-2011 Division 3 - (5) Installation of metal decking. - (i) Except as provided in 1926.760(c), metal decking shall be laid tightly and immediately secured upon placement to prevent accidental movement or displacement. - (ii) During initial placement, metal decking panels shall be placed to ensure full support by structural members. - (6) Derrick floors. - (i) A derrick floor shall be fully decked and/or planked and the steel member connections completed to support the intended floor loading. - (ii) Temporary loads placed on a derrick floor shall be distributed over the underlying support members so as to prevent local overloading of the deck material. [66 FR 5265, Jan. 18, 2001, as amended at 71 FR 2885, Jan. 18, 2006; 71 FR [redacted postal code], Apr. 3, 2006; 75 FR [redacted postal code], May 17, 2010] Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 3-2002, f. 4/15/02, ef. 4/18/02. OR-OSHA Admin. Order 6-2002, f. 7/19/02, ef. 7/19/02. OR-OSHA Admin. Order 8-2003, f. 12/30/03, ef. 1/1/04. OR-OSHA Admin. Order 2-2006, f. 4/28/06, ef. 4/28/06. OR-OSHA Admin. Order 4-2006, f. 7/24/06, ef. 7/24/06. ## 1926.755 Column Anchorage - (a) General requirements for erection stability. - (1) All columns shall be anchored by a minimum of 4 anchor rods (anchor bolts). - (2) Each column anchor rod (anchor bolt) assembly, including the column-to-base plate weld and the column foundation, shall be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300 pounds (136.2 kg) located 18 inches (.46m) from the extreme outer face of the column in each direction at the top of the column shaft. - (3) Columns shall be set on level finished floors, pre-grouted leveling plates, leveling nuts, or shim packs which are adequate to transfer the construction loads. - (4) All columns shall be evaluated by a competent person to determi…

[6] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 810

Open source document

Source excerpt

Division 3 AO 1-2011 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (2) Roof and floor holes and openings. Metal decking at roof and floor holes and openings shall be installed as follows: - (i) Framed metal deck openings shall have structural members turned down to allow continuous deck installation except where not allowed by structural design constraints or constructibility. Note: Oregon-initiated rule [redacted phone] replaces 1926.754(e)(2)(ii): ## [redacted phone] Roof and floor holes and openings Roof and floor holes and openings shall be decked over. Where large size configuration or other structural design does not allow openings to be decked over (such as elevator shafts, stairwells, etc.) employees shall be protected by covers or guardrail systems erected around such openings as soon as the openings are created. Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 8-2003, f. 12/30/03, ef. 1/1/04. 1926.754 (e)(2)(iii) Metal decking holes and openings shall not be cut until immediately prior to being permanently filled with the equipment or structure needed or intended to fulfill its specific use and which meets the strength requirements of paragraph (e)(3) of this section, or shall be immediately covered. - (3) Covering roof and floor openings. - (i) Covers for roof and floor openings shall be capable of supporting, without failure, twice the weight of the employees, equipment and materials that may be imposed on the cover at any one time. - (ii) All covers shall be secured when installed to prevent accidental displacement by the wind, equipment or employees. - (iii) All covers shall be painted with high-visibility paint or shall be marked with the word 'HOLE' or 'COVER' to provide warning of the hazard. - (iv) Smoke dome or skylight fixtures that have been installed, are not considered covers for the purpose of this section unless they meet the stren…

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