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side walk replace

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Safe Work Procedure: Sidewalk Replacement

Document Number: [SWP-NUMBER] Revision Date: [DATE] Next Review Date: [NEXT REVIEW DATE] Department: [DEPARTMENT NAME]

1. Scope

This Safe Work Procedure (SWP) outlines the necessary safety requirements and procedures for the safe removal and replacement of sidewalks. It applies to all workers involved in sidewalk replacement activities, including but not limited to demolition, excavation, formwork, concrete pouring, and finishing. This SWP aims to minimize the risks associated with sidewalk replacement by providing clear guidelines and control measures.

2. Definitions

Competent Person: An individual who is qualified because of knowledge, training, and experience to organize the work and is familiar with the provisions of this safe work procedure, and capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards or working conditions that are hazardous, dangerous, or detrimental to employees, and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate or control them [1].

Hazard: Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.

Risk: The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.

3. Responsibilities

3.1 Supervisors

  • Ensure all workers are adequately trained and competent to perform their assigned tasks.
  • Conduct regular site inspections to identify and correct hazards.
  • Enforce the use of required personal protective equipment (PPE).
  • Provide pre-job briefings to discuss potential hazards and safety measures.
  • Ensure that all equipment is in good working order and properly maintained.

3.2 Workers

  • Follow all safety procedures and instructions provided by the supervisor.
  • Use required personal protective equipment (PPE) at all times.
  • Report any hazards or unsafe conditions to the supervisor immediately.
  • Participate in pre-job briefings and safety meetings.
  • Operate equipment only if trained and authorized.

3.3 Health and Safety Representative

  • Assist in the development and review of safety procedures.
  • Conduct workplace inspections and audits.
  • Investigate incidents and recommend corrective actions.
  • Provide guidance and support to workers and supervisors on health and safety matters.

4. Potential Hazards and Risks

HazardRiskControl Measures
Slips, trips, and fallsInjuries ranging from minor sprains to fracturesMaintain a clean and orderly work area, free of obstructions. Use non-slip footwear [2]. Remove ice, snow, or water from walking surfaces [2].
Struck by falling objectsHead injuries, fractures, or deathWear hard hats. Secure or barricade objects to prevent them from falling.
Excavation collapseSerious injury or death due to suffocation or crushingEnsure proper sloping or shoring of excavations. Never enter an unprotected excavation.
Contact with underground utilitiesElectrocution, explosion, or disruption of servicesIdentify and locate underground utilities before digging. Maintain safe clearance distances.
Dust and silica exposureRespiratory illnesses, such as silicosisUse water suppression or dust collection methods. Wear appropriate respiratory protection.
Noise exposureHearing damageUse hearing protection in noisy environments.
Musculoskeletal injuriesStrains, sprains, and other injuriesUse proper lifting techniques. Take frequent breaks. Rotate tasks to reduce repetitive motions.
Traffic hazardsInjury or death from vehicle collisionsSet up barricades and warning signs to alert drivers and pedestrians [3]. Use a signal person to direct traffic.
Unguarded MachinesLacerations, amputations, crushing injuriesEnsure all machines are properly guarded. Never remove or disable machine guards.

5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Proper PPE must be worn at all times to minimize the risk of injury [4].

  • Hard hat - Protects the head from falling objects and impacts.
  • Safety glasses - Protects the eyes from dust, debris, and chemical splashes.
  • Hearing protection - Earplugs or earmuffs to protect against excessive noise levels.
  • Gloves - Protects hands from cuts, abrasions, and chemical exposure.
  • Safety boots - Provides foot protection from impacts, punctures, and slips.
  • High-visibility vest - Increases visibility to avoid being struck by moving vehicles or equipment.
  • Respirator - Protects against inhalation of dust, fumes, and other airborne contaminants.

Inspect all PPE before each use for damage or defects. Replace damaged or worn PPE immediately.

6. Equipment and Tools

Only use equipment and tools that are in good working condition and that you are trained to operate.

  • Excavator - Used for digging and removing soil and old sidewalk [5].
  • Concrete saw - Used for cutting concrete sidewalks into manageable sections.
  • Jackhammer - Used for breaking up concrete sidewalks.
  • Shovels and hand tools - Used for removing debris and preparing the subgrade.
  • Concrete mixer - Used for mixing concrete.
  • Wheelbarrow - Used for transporting concrete and materials.
  • Concrete finishing tools - Floats, trowels, and edgers used for finishing the concrete surface.

Inspect all equipment and tools before each use for damage or defects. Remove any damaged equipment from service. Follow manufacturer's instructions for safe operation and maintenance.

7. Pre-Job Requirements

7.1 Training and Competency

  • All workers must be trained in the safe operation of equipment and tools they will be using.
  • Workers must be trained in hazard recognition and control measures.
  • Ensure workers are trained and competent [1].

7.2 Pre-Job Briefing

A pre-job briefing must be conducted before starting any sidewalk replacement work. The briefing should cover:

  • Review of the SWP and any specific hazards associated with the task.
  • Identification of underground utilities and other potential hazards.
  • Discussion of emergency procedures and contact information.
  • Assignment of roles and responsibilities.

7.3 Work Area Preparation

  • Establish a clear work zone using barricades, cones, and warning signs [3].
  • Ensure adequate lighting is provided, especially during evening or nighttime work [6].
  • Inspect the work area for any slip, trip, or fall hazards and correct them.
  • Ensure that all necessary equipment and tools are available and in good working order.

8. Safe Work Procedure Steps

Step 1: Demolition and Removal of Old Sidewalk

  • Saw cut the existing sidewalk into manageable sections using a concrete saw.
  • Use a jackhammer to break up the concrete sections.
  • Remove the broken concrete and debris using shovels and wheelbarrows.
  • Dispose of the concrete debris in a designated area.

Safety considerations for this step:

  • Wear appropriate PPE, including safety glasses, gloves, and hearing protection.
  • Control dust using water suppression methods.
  • Be aware of pinch points and avoid placing hands or feet in areas where they could be crushed.

Step 2: Excavation and Subgrade Preparation

  • Excavate the area to the required depth for the new sidewalk.
  • Compact the subgrade to provide a stable base for the concrete.
  • Install any necessary base materials, such as gravel or crushed stone.
  • Ensure proper drainage to prevent water from accumulating under the sidewalk.

Safety considerations for this step:

  • Ensure proper sloping or shoring of excavations to prevent collapse.
  • Identify and locate underground utilities before digging.
  • Use caution when operating excavation equipment near underground utilities.

Step 3: Formwork and Concrete Pouring

  • Set up formwork to define the edges of the new sidewalk.
  • Ensure that the formwork is properly aligned and secured.
  • Mix the concrete according to the manufacturer's instructions.
  • Pour the concrete into the formwork and spread it evenly.
  • Use a vibrator to consolidate the concrete and remove air pockets.

Safety considerations for this step:

  • Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves and safety boots.
  • Avoid overexertion when lifting and pouring concrete.
  • Be aware of pinch points when setting up formwork.

Step 4: Concrete Finishing and Curing

  • Use floats and trowels to smooth and level the concrete surface.
  • Create a non-slip surface by brooming or texturing the concrete.
  • Apply a curing compound to prevent the concrete from drying out too quickly.
  • Protect the concrete from damage during the curing process.

Safety considerations for this step:

  • Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves and knee pads.
  • Avoid prolonged exposure to wet concrete, which can cause skin irritation.
  • Protect the curing concrete from traffic and other potential sources of damage.

9. Precautions and Safety Measures

  • Traffic Control: Implement traffic control measures to protect workers from vehicle traffic [3].
  • Utility Awareness: Identify and locate all underground utilities before digging [4].
  • Dust Control: Use water suppression or dust collection methods to minimize dust exposure [4].
  • Lifting Techniques: Use proper lifting techniques to avoid musculoskeletal injuries [4].
  • Housekeeping: Maintain a clean and orderly work area to prevent slips, trips, and falls [7].

10. Emergency Procedures

10.1 General Emergency Response

  • In the event of an emergency, immediately stop work and assess the situation.
  • Evacuate the area if necessary.
  • Provide first aid to any injured workers.
  • Contact emergency services if required.

10.2 Specific Emergency Scenarios

  • Excavation Collapse: Evacuate the area and contact emergency services. Do not attempt to enter the excavation to rescue anyone.
  • Contact with Underground Utilities: Evacuate the area and contact the utility company and emergency services. Do not approach the area until it has been declared safe.
  • Injury: Provide first aid and contact emergency services if required. Report the incident to the supervisor.

10.3 Emergency Contact Information

  • Emergency Services: 911
  • [Company Safety Officer]: [PHONE NUMBER]
  • [Project Supervisor]: [PHONE NUMBER]

11. Incident Reporting and Investigation

All incidents, near-misses, and hazards must be reported to the supervisor immediately. An investigation will be conducted to determine the root cause of the incident and to implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence.

12. References and Related Documents

  • Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
  • Company Safety Policy
  • Equipment Manufacturer's Instructions

Approved by: [NAME AND POSITION] Date: [APPROVAL DATE]

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7 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Safety Standards for General Safety and Health Standards (Chaper 296-24 WAC)

Page 351

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Ship stair (ship ladder) . A stairway that is equipped with treads, stair rails, and open risers, and has a slope that is between 50 and 70 degrees from the horizontal. Spiral stairs . A series of treads attached to a vertical pole in a winding fashion, usually within a cylindrical space. Stair platform . An extended step or landing breaking a continuous run of stairs. Stair rail or stair rail system . A barrier erected along the exposed or open side of stairways to prevent employees from falling to a lower level. Stairway (stairs) . Risers and treads that connect one level with another, and includes any landings and platforms in between those levels. Stairways include standard, spiral, alternating tread-type, and ship stairs. Standard stairs . A fixed or permanently installed stairway. Ship, spiral, and alternating treadtype stairs are not considered standard stairs. Tread . A horizontal member of a stair or stairway, but does not include landings or platforms. Unprotected sides and edges . Mean any side or edge of a walking-working surface (except at entrances and other points of access) where there is no wall, guardrail system, or stair rail system to protect an employee from falling to a lower level. For requirements relating to unprotected sides and edges, see the unified fall protection rule (chapter 296-880 WAC). Walking-working surface . Any surface, whether horizontal or vertical on which an employee walks, works, or gains access to a work area or workplace location. Walking-working surfaces include, but are not limited to, floors, the ground, roofs, ramps, bridges, runways, stairs, dockboards, formwork and concrete reinforcing steel. [Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 20-12-091 (Order 19-05) § 296-24-[r…

[2] Safety and Health Regulations for Construction (OSHA)

Page 73

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## 29 CFR 1926 (OSHA) - (5) Ramps and walkways. (i) Ramps and walkways 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels shall have guardrail systems which comply with subpart M of this part-Fall Protection; - (ii) No ramp or walkway shall be inclined more than a slope of one (1) vertical to three (3) horizontal (20 degrees above the horizontal). - (iii) If the slope of a ramp or a walkway is steeper than one (1) vertical in eight (8) horizontal, the ramp or walkway shall have cleats not more than fourteen (14) inches (35 cm) apart which are securely fastened to the planks to provide footing. - (6) Integral prefabricated scaffold access frames shall: - (i) Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs; - (ii) Have a rung length of at least 8 inches (20 cm); - (iii) Not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 Ú inches in length, unless each 1 2 affected employee uses fall protection, or a positioning device, which complies with §1926.502; - (iv) Be uniformly spaced within each frame section; - (v) Be provided with rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals on all supported scaffolds more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high; and - (vi) Have a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 Ú inches (43 cm). Non-uniform rung spacing 3 4 caused by joining end frames together is allowed, provided the resulting spacing does not exceed 16 Ú inches (43 cm). 3 4 - (7) Steps and rungs of ladder and stairway type access shall line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. - (8) Direct access to or from another surface shall be used only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surface. - (9) Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: - (i) The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of…

[3] CAT 374 Excavator Operation and Maintenance Manual

Page 65

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Source excerpt

(Table 13, contd) ## Bucket <!-- image --> Illustration 77 g00612093 Table 14

[4] Occupational Safety General Regulations (N.S. Reg. 44/99)

Page 75

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Source excerpt

reason except for weather or climatic conditions, an employer shall ensure that devices such as matting or grating are used, where necessary, to prevent slipping and, if such devices are inadequate to prevent slipping, that non-slip footwear is worn by employees. Subsection 139(2) amended: O.I.C. 2000-130, N.S. Reg. 52/2000. - (3) Where a floor, stairway, passageway or similar walking surface at or near a workplace becomes slippery as a result of weather or climatic conditions, an employer shall ensure that the floor, stairway, passageway or similar walking surface is kept free from falling or slipping hazards by removing ice, snow or water, to the extent reasonably practicable, and using materials such as ashes, sand, salt, or other measures where appropriate to prevent slipping or falling. ## Access and exit - 140 (1) An employer shall provide a safe means of access to and exit from all work areas. - (2) An employer shall provide adequate information to ensure that every person in the workplace is able to exit the workplace in a safe manner in the event of an emergency. - (3) An employer shall provide overhead protection at every means of access to and exit from a building, structure or project where there is a hazard of falling material that may injure a person at or near the workplace. - (4) This Section does not apply where a firefighter is engaged in structural firefighting or rescue. Subsection 140(4) amended: O.I.C. 2000-130, N.S. Reg. 52/2000. ## Stairways 141 - (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), an employer shall ensure that a permanent stairway is designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with the National Building Code of Canada , as adopted and modified under the Building Code Act and the Nova Scotia Building Code Regulations made under that Act . - (2) Where the National Building Code of Canada , as adopted and modified under the Building Code Act and the Nova Scotia Building Code Regulations made under that Act does not apply to …

[5] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (General Occupational Safety and Health, Division 2, OSHA Oregon)

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Source excerpt

Division 2 - (i) Opening. Doors shall not open directly on or block a flight of stairs, and shall swing in the direction of exit travel. - (ii) Identification. Exits shall be located and identified in a manner that affords ready exit from all work areas. - (iii) Swinging doors. All swinging doors shall be provided with windows; with one window for each section of double swinging doors. Such windows shall be of shatter proof or safety glass unless otherwise protected against breakage. - (iv) Sliding doors. Where sliding doors are used as exits, an inner door shall be cut inside each of the main doors and arranged to open outward. - (v) Barriers and warning signs. Where a doorway opens upon a railroad track or upon a tramway or dock over which vehicles travel, a barrier or other warning device shall be placed to prevent workmen from stepping into moving traffic. - (7) Air requirements. Ventilation shall be provided to supply adequate fresh healthful air to rooms, buildings, and work areas. - (8) Vats and tanks. All open vats and tanks into which workmen could fall shall be guarded. - (9) Lighting. - (i) Adequacy. Illumination shall be provided and designed to supply adequate general and local lighting to rooms, buildings, and work areas during the time of use. - (ii) Effectiveness. Factors upon which the adequacy and effectiveness of illumination will be judged, include the following: - (A) The quantity of light in foot-candle intensity shall be sufficient for the work being done. - (B) The quality of the light shall be such that it is free from glare, and has correct direction, diffusion, and distribution. - (C) Shadows and extreme contrasts shall be avoided or kept to a minimum. - (10) Reserved. - (11) Hazard marking. Physical hazard marking shall be as specified in 1910.144 of this part.

[6] Kobelco SK135SR-7, SK140SRLC-7, SK140SRL-7 Operation Manual (Excavators)

Page 50

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［ ## WORKSITES IN URBAN AREAS Set up barricades to prevent unauthorized personnel and/or vehicles from entering the worksite. If working near a road, use a signal person and signs to alert vehicles and pedestrians of potential hazards and falling objects. If needed, use a signal person to direct traffic. The operator should always be alert and follow the signals from the signal person. The operator shall respond to signals only from the appointed signal person, but shall obey a stop signal from anyone at any time. <!-- image -->

[7] Occupational Health and Safety Code

Page 405

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decontamination methods, 28(c) health assessment for exposure, 40 costs, 40(11), 40(13) frequency of assessments, 40(6)-(8) information to worker, 40(3) performed during work hours, 40(12) privacy of information, 40(5) refusal by worker, 40(9)-(10) report contents, 40(2) retention of records, 40(4) housekeeping, 28(b) minimization of release, 28(a) OEL, 16(2.1), Schedule 1, Table 2 restricted areas authorized persons, 29(1), 29(2)(b) decontamination of workers, 29(4)(c) emergencies, 29(5) harmful substances, 29(2) no eating, drinking or smoking, 29(2)(c) personal protective equipment, 29-30 prohibited activities, 29(2)(c) protection of worker's street clothing, 29(4) protective clothing for workers, 29(4) signs, 29(2)-(3) See also coal mines, underground ## coal mines, underground defined coal dust, 1 coal in definition of mine, 1 coal in definition of processing plant, 1 combustible dust, 1 gob, 1 incombustible dust, 1 coal-cutting equipment, 738, 742 diesel-powered equipment standards and certifications, 697.4 gas and dust control airborne dust, 742 conveyors, 742 detection on coal-cutting equipment, 738 housekeeping, 693.3, 743 incombustible dust treatments, 743 monitoring respirable dust exposure, 742 roadway for rubber-tired vehicles, 742(3) water supply to suppress dust, 742 roof and side support system, 707(3) standards, certifications, procedures and specifications employer to implement, 533.1 switchgear locations, 697.2 ventilation split, equipment in, 729 workers supervision by foreman or manager, 683, 685 working alone, 393-394, 687 See also coal dust; mines and mine sites; underground mines; underground mines, explosives; underground mines, fire and explosion prevention; underground mines, ventilation systems; underground mine foreman; underground mine manager ## coal tar pitch volatiles code of practice required, 26, Schedule 1, Table 1 OEL, Schedule 1, Table 2 ## coats, lab duty to use, 228 use of…

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