de beers safety standards

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# Enclosure and Isolation (cont.) ## Good Housekeeping (cont.) Being prepared for emergencies means making sure that the necessary equipment and supplies are readily available and that employees know what to do when something unplanned happens such as a release, spill, fire, or injury. These procedures should be written and employees should have the opportunity to practice their emergency response skills regularly. Please see the OSH Answers document on emergency_planning for more information. ## Personal Hygiene Practices and Facilities Personal hygiene practices are another effective way to reduce the amount of a hazardous material absorbed, ingested, or inhaled by a worker. Examples of personal hygiene practices include: - Washing hands after handling material and before eating, drinking or smoking. - Avoiding touching lips, nose, and eyes with contaminated hands. - No smoking, drinking, chewing gum or eating in the work areas - these activities should be permitted only in a "clean" area. - Not storing hazardous products in the same refrigerator as food items. Please see the OSH Answers documents on Workplace Housekeeping, Hand Washing: Reducing the Risk of Common Infections and Good Hygiene Practices - Reducing the Spread of Infections and Viruses for more information. ## What should I know about personal protective equipment (PPE) as a hazard control method? Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to anything workers wear to help protect them from workplace hazards. The use of PPE as the main method to control exposures should be limited to situations where elimination, substitution, engineering, or administrative controls are not practicable, or when: - Additional protection is required because other control methods are not sufficient to reduce the hazard - The hazard is a result of a temporary or emergency condition PPE limits exposure to the harmful effects of a hazard but only if the PPE is worn and used correctly. Examples of PPE inclu…

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$12-60-50 timely and appropriate responses to correct these conditions. (viii) Provide a mechanism to investigate accidents and "near miss" incidents, so that the root cause and means for preventing a recurrence are identified. For the purposes of this section, the term "accident" means any unexpected happening that interrupts the work sequence or process and that may result in injury, illness, or property damage. (ix) Provide a means to review injury and illness trends over time, so that patterns with common causes are identified and eliminated. (x) Establish a mechanism for the employer to conduct ongoing, periodic in-house safety and health inspections so that new or previously missed hazards or failures in controls are identified. Inspections shall be conducted with a frequency necessary to be effective. (xi) Address the impact of emergency situations and develop written plans and procedures to insure employee safety during emergencies. For the purpose of this section, the term "emergency situation" means an unforeseen single event or combination of events that calls for immediate action to prevent, control or contain injury or illness to person or damage to property. (xii) Establish procedures for transmitting and enforcing safe 60-5

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# APPENDIX C COMPLIANCE GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT (NON-MANDATORY) (cont.) ## 14. Compliance Audits. (cont.) An effective audit includes a review of the relevant documentation and process safety information, inspection of the physical facilities, and interviews with all levels of plant personnel. Utilizing the audit procedure and checklist developed in the preplanning stage, the audit team can systematically analyze compliance with the provisions of the standard and any other corporate policies that are relevant. For example, the audit team will review all aspects of the training program as part of the overall audit. The team will review the written training program for adequacy of content, frequency of training, effectiveness of training in terms of its goals and objectives as well as to how it fits into meeting the standard's requirements, documentation, etc. Through interviews, the team can determine the employee's knowledge and awareness of the safety procedures, duties, rules, emergency response assignments, etc. During the inspection, the team can observe actual practices such as safety and health policies, procedures, and work authorization practices. This approach enables the team to identify deficiencies and determine where corrective actions or improvements are necessary. An audit is a technique used to gather sufficient facts and information, including statistical information, to verify compliance with standards. Auditors should select as part of their preplanning a sample size sufficient to give a degree of confidence that the audit reflects the level of compliance with the standard. The audit team, through this systematic analysis, should document areas which require corrective action as well as those areas where the process safety management system is effective and working in an effective manner. This provides a record of the audit procedures and findings, and serves as a baseline of operation data for future audits…

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# ENFORCEMENT Constant awareness of and respect for fall hazards and compliance with all safety rules are considered conditions of employment. reserves the right to discipline employees, (Company Name) including, but not limited to, warnings up to and including, termination, for failure to follow this Plan. ## ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS All accidents that result in injury to workers, regardless of their nature, shall be immediately reported. If a fall or some other related incident occurs, such as a near miss, it will be investigated and documented. It is an integral part of this Plan that documentation take place as soon as possible SO that the cause and means of prevention can be identified to prevent similar types of falls or incidents. This Plan shall be reviewed to determine if additional practices, procedures, or training is needed to prevent similar types of falls or incidents from occurring. ## CHANGES TO PLAN Any changes to this Plan will be approved by . This Plan shall be reviewed (Name of Qualified Person) by as the job progresses to determine if additional practices, procedures, or (Name of Qualified Person) training needs to be implemented by to improve or provide additional fall (Name of Competent Person) protection. All employees shall be notified and trained in the new procedures. A copy of this Plan and all approved changes shall be maintained at the jobsite. 92

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# Occupations and Workplaces (cont.) ## What are some preventative measures that can be taken? (cont.) - Confined space entry procedures. - Fall protection procedures. - Lock-out / tag-out procedures. - How to work safely with flammable hazardous products. - How to work safely with compressed gases. - How to work safely with power tools. - Working safely on ladders, and platforms or scaffolds. - Manual material handling (lifting) techniques. - Follow appropriate standards when welding boilers, pressure vessels and pressure piping systems. All workers should: - Follow company safety rules - Know about WHMIS and SDSs - Hazard reporting - Good housekeeping procedures ## Where can I get more information? Because of the wide variety of workplaces where welding may occur, and the vast range of materials used by welders, all situations cannot be covered in this document. NOTE: If you have health concerns, ask your doctor or medical professional for advice. If you have any questions or concerns about your specific workplace, you can ask one or more of the following for help: - Your health and safety committee or representative. - Your union. - Your safety department. - Your supervisor or manager. - Check with your local library. - Your local government department responsible for health and safety. General information is available in OSH Answers or through the CCOHS person-to-person Inquiries Service. Welder CCOHS

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# Safeguarding - General (cont.) ## How is the appropriate safeguard selected? (cont.) <table><tr><th>Control Method</th><th>Examples include:</th></tr><tr><td>Elimination - remove the hazard from the workplace</td><td>Process design, redesign or modification including changing the layout to eliminate hazards Eliminate or reduce human interaction in the process Automate tasks, material handling (e.g., lift tables, conveyors, balancers), or ventilation</td></tr><tr><td>Substitution - replace hazardous materials or machines with less hazardous ones</td><td>Machines that have energy containment Machines with lower energy (e.g., lower speed, force, pressure, temperature, amperage, noise, or volume)</td></tr><tr><td>Engineering Controls</td><td>Installation of guards and safeguards such as emergency stop devices, presence-sensing devices, two-hand controls, platforms, or guardrails for fall protection</td></tr><tr><td>Systems that increase awareness of potential hazards</td><td>Lights, beacons, strobes Backup alarms, notification systems Audio warnings (such as horns, sirens, or back-up beepers) Hazard warning signs, placards, labels</td></tr><tr><td>Administrative Controls - controls that alter the way the work is done</td><td>Training Housekeeping processes Safe job processes, rotation of workers, changing work schedules Safe work procedures, such as lockout/tag out</td></tr><tr><td>Personal Protective Equipment - equipment worn by individuals to reduce exposure</td><td>Protective eyewear and faceshields Hard hats Hearing protection Hand protection Protective footwear</td></tr></table> Safeguarding - General CCOHS

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$12-60-50 by design, process substitution, or other appropriate methods is preferred because it eliminates the need for further employee protection. When elimination is not feasible, reduction of existing or potential hazards to acceptable levels, using methods such as engineering or administrative controls, isolation, or guarding, shall be promptly used. When these methods are inadequate to reach acceptable levels, personal protective equipment shall be provided and used. Exception: Employers with less than ten (10) employees need not comply with subsection (b) (1) (b) Employer duties and responsibilities. An employer subject to this standard shall meet the following requirements: (1) Written safety and health program. (A) The employer shall institute and maintain an effective safety and health program to identify, evaluate, and control workplace hazards. Employer safety and health programs which were developed prior to the promulgation of this section may be used to satisfy this requirement so long as they meet the criteria for an acceptable program set forth in subparagraph (B) (B) The program shall at a minimum: (i) Set forth policies, procedures, and practices that recognize and protect employees from occupational safety and health hazards. (ii) Establish and communicate a clear goal for the safety and health program and the mechanisms that will be utilized in meeting this goal. (iii) Provide for visible top management leadership in implementing the program and ensure that all 60-3

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# Enclosure and Isolation These methods aim to keep the chemical "in" and the worker "out" (or vice versa). An enclosure keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker. Enclosed equipment, for example, is tightly sealed and it is typically only opened for cleaning or maintenance. Other examples include "glove boxes" (where a chemical is in a ventilated and enclosed space, and the employee works with the material by using gloves that are built-in), abrasive blasting cabinets, or remote control devices. Care must be taken when the enclosure is opened for maintenance as exposure could occur if adequate precautions are not taken. The enclosure itself must be well maintained to prevent leaks. Isolation places the hazardous process "geographically" away from the majority of the workers. Common isolation techniques are to create a contaminant-free or noise-free booth either around the equipment or around the employee workstations. ## Ventilation Ventilation is a method of control that "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. General or dilution ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. Local exhaust ventilation is designed to remove the contaminant at the source so it cannot disperse into the work space, and it generally uses lower exhaust rates than general ventilation (general ventilation usually exchanges the air in the entire room). Local exhaust ventilation is an effective means of controlling hazardous exposures but should be used when other methods (such as elimination or substitution) are not possible. Fan Figure 3 Example of Local Exhaust Ventilation The design of a ventilation system is very important and must match the particular process and product in use. Expert guidance should be sought. It is a very effective control measure but only if it is designed, tested, and maintained properly. Hazard and Risk - Hierarchy of Controls CCOHS

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# Effective Workplace Inspections (cont.) ## What types of hazards do we look for in a workplace? (cont.) - Ergonomic hazards caused by improper work methods, incorrect manual material handling_, and poorly designed workstations, tools, and equipment. These place physiological (repetitive and forceful movements, awkward postures, overloading) and psychological (workload, time pressure) demands on the worker that can lead to musculoskeletal injuries. - Physical hazards caused by noise, vibration, weather , heat, cold, radiation, pressure, combustible dusts, odours, and indoor air quality_ - Psychosocial hazards that can affect mental health or well-being such as overwork, stress, bullying,, or violence and harassment. ## What type of information is needed to complete an inspection? ## Diagram of Area Use drawings of the plant layout or floor plans to help you draw a diagram. Divide the workplace into areas based on the process. Visualize the activities in the workplace and identify the location of machinery, equipment, and materials. Show the movement of material and workers, and the location of air ducts, aisles, stairways, platforms, emergency response equipment, alarms and fire exits. Appendix A shows a sample diagram. Use several simple diagrams if the area is large. Ask workers and supervisors for their comments on the information - they know the area better than anyone else. Inspection diagrams should be reviewed periodically and updated as needed to remain accurate. ## Equipment Inventory Know what type of machinery or equipment is present. Review technical data sheets, or manufacturers' instructions and safety manuals. Read work area records to become familiar with the hazards of the equipment. Be aware of any engineering safety controls required to safely operate the equipment. ## Hazardous Product or Chemical Inventory Determine which products are used in the workplace and whether safety data sheets are available. Find out if all sources of expos…

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# Enclosure and Isolation (cont.) ## Work Practices (cont.) - Keeping equipment well maintained. - Preparing and training for emergency response for incidents such as spills, fire, or employee injury. ## Education and Training Employee education and training on how to conduct their work safely is a critical element of any complete workplace health and safety program. Training must cover not only how to do the job safely but it must also ensure that workers understand the hazards and risks of their job, and the controls in place to protect them. It must also provide them with information on how to protect themselves and co-workers. ## Good Housekeeping Good housekeeping is essential to prevent the accumulation of hazardous or toxic materials (e.g., build-up of dust or contaminant on ledges, or beams), or hazardous conditions (e.g., poor stockpiling). For more information about workplace housekeeping, please see the OSH Answers document Workplace Housekeeping - Basic Guide. For more information about combustible dust, please see the OSH Answers document Combustible Dusts. Figure 4 Emergency Preparedness Hazard and Risk - Hierarchy of Controls CCOHS

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# Enclosure and Isolation (cont.) ## Ventilation (cont.) Because products are exhausted to the outdoors, you should also check with your local environment ministry or municipality for any environmental air regulations or bylaws that may apply in your area. ## What are examples of administrative controls? Administrative controls involve developing procedures to ensure the work is conducted in a way that minimizes the hazard. Examples include developing or changing policies, implementing or improving training and education, and developing or enhancing work practices and procedures. Administrative controls are ranked lower than elimination, substitution, and engineering controls because these methods do not necessarily remove or reduce the hazard from the workplace. For example, administrative controls limit workers' exposures by scheduling shorter work times in contaminant areas or by implementing other "rules". These control measures have many limitations because the hazard itself is not actually removed or reduced. Administrative controls should be used in combination with other control measures where possible. Methods of administrative control include: - Using job-rotation schedules or a work-rest schedule that limits the amount of time an individual worker is exposed to a substance. - Implementing a preventative maintenance program to keep equipment in proper working order - Scheduling maintenance and other high-exposure operations for times when few workers are present (such as evenings and weekends). - Restricting access to a work area. - Restricting the task to only those competent or qualified to perform the work. - Using signs to warn workers of a hazard. More information about types of administrative controls is provided below: ## Work Practices Elements of safe work practices include: - Developing and implementing safe work procedures or standard operating procedures. - Training and education of employees about the operating procedures …

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# What are examples of responsibilities of safety coordinators? (cont.) ## Why are safe work procedures established? (cont.) Compliance with health and safety rules should be considered a condition of employment. Rules must be explained to new workers when they start work or if they are transferred or retrained. After a suitable interval, these workers should be briefed to ensure they understand the rules applicable to their work. The employer must establish procedures for dealing with repeat rule violators. Supervisors are responsible for correcting unsafe acts, such as a breach of rules, and they must be supported in this duty. Points that should be considered in establishing procedures on this issue are: - Ensure that workers are aware of the rule. - Ensure that workers are not encouraged, coerced, or forced to disregard the rule by fellow workers. - All rules are to be followed. - All violations will be managed. Action is taken promptly. The role of discipline is that of education, not punishment. - While having guidelines for penalties for the first offence or infractions may be desirable, some flexibility is required when applying the guidelines since each case will vary in its circumstances. - Action is done confidentially, consistently, and recorded. ## How do you establish safe work procedures? Safe work procedures are the safest way of doing a job, job instruction, monitoring performance, and incident investigation. Job safety analysis (JSA), also known as "job hazard analysis", is the first step in developing the correct procedure. In this analysis, each task of a specific job is examined to identify hazards and to determine the safest way to do the job. Job safety analysis involves the following steps: 1. Select the job. 2. Break down the job into a sequence of steps. 3. Identify the hazards. 4. Define preventive measures. - The analysis should be conducted on all critical tasks or jobs as a first priority. Critical jobs include: - Th…

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# What should you report and investigate when an incident occurs? Occupational health and safety legislation in all Canadian jurisdictions requires that specific injuries and certain categories of incidents must be reported. There may be minimum legal requirements for their investigation. Many organizations investigate other events (e.g., where damage did not involve injuries) and "near misses." The health and safety program should specify: - What is to be reported. - To whom it will be reported. - How it is reported. - Which incidents are investigated. - Who will investigate them. - What forms are used. - What education and training investigators will receive. - What records are to be kept. - What summaries and statistics are to be developed. - How often reports are prepared. Incidents are investigated so that measures can be taken to prevent a recurrence of similar events. The investigation represents an "after-the-fact" response for any particular mishap. However, a thorough investigation may uncover hazards or problems that can be eliminated "before-the-fact" for the future. After causes have been determined, prompt follow-up action is required to achieve the purpose of the investigation. Please note: The term incident is used in some situations and jurisdictions to cover both an "accident" and "incident". It is argued that the word "accident" implies that the event was related to fate or chance. When the root cause is determined, it is usually found that many events were predictable and could have been prevented if the right actions were taken - making the event not one of fate or chance (thus, the word incident is used). For simplicity, we use the term incident to mean all of the above events. ## What are emergency procedures and how are they established? Emergency procedures are plans for dealing with emergencies such as fires, explosions, major releases of hazardous materials, violent occurrences, or natural hazards. When such events occur, th…

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# Construction Worker - General (cont.) ## What are some preventive measures for construction workers? (cont.) - Have training before beginning any task, especially high-risk activities such as working at heights, hazardous energy control (lockout/tag out), or confined space entry. - Follow a recommended shiftwork pattern, and be aware of the associated hazards. - Be aware of seasonal hazards from working in extreme temperatures. - Know how to get help in an emergency for working alone situations. - Be aware of the emergency response plans before work begins. ## What are some good general safe work practices? - Follow safety procedures for: - Confined space entry - Working at heights - Electrical safety - Lockout/tagout of machinery - Machinery and safeguard - Ladders - Material handling - Working with tools and equipment - Working alone - Extreme work temperatures - Fire safety. - Practice safe lifting techniques. - Know how to identify hazards - Follow company safety rules and safe operating procedures. - Stay informed about chemical hazards and WHMIS 2015. - Know how to report a hazard. - Follow good housekeeping procedures. ## Where can I get more information? General information is available in OSH Answers or through the CCOHS person-to-person Inquiries Service. Construction Worker - General CCOHS

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$12-60-50 - work practices in the workplace through training, positive reinforcement, as a reward system, public recognition, etc., correction of unsafe performance, and, if necessary, reinforcement of work practices through a clearly defined and communicated disciplinary system. (C) The program shall be made available to the employees or their collective bargaining agent or both, upon request. (2) Safe work practices. (A) The employer shall eliminate or control all existing and potential hazards within the workplace in a timely manner, using one or more of the following: (i) Engineering and work practice controls designed to control employee exposures to safety and health hazards by modifying the source to reduce exposure. (ii) Administrative controls designed to control employee exposure to safety and health hazards. (iii) Requirements for the distribution and proper use of personal protective equipment. (iv) A program of medical examinations or evaluations conducted by a qualified physician or health practitioner when required by a standard. (B) The employer shall ensure that practices are understood by all employees and are underscored through training, positive reinforcement, correction of unsafe performance, and, if necessary, through a clearly defined and communicated disciplinary system. 60-6

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# F. Safety Recommendations-Physical Hazards (cont.) (1) Fire alarm policy. Most organizations use fire alarms whenever a building needs to be evacuated-for any reason. When a fire alarm sounds in the facility, evacuate immediately after extinguishing all equipment flames. Check on and assist others who may require help evacuating. (2) Emergency safety equipment. The following safety elements should be met: a. A written emergency action plan has been provided to workers; b. Fire extinguishers, eyewash units, and safety showers are available and tested on a regular basis; and C. Fire blankets, first-aid equipment, fire alarms, and telephones are available and accessible. (3) Chemical spills. Workers should contact the CHO or EHS office for instructions before cleaning up a chemical spill. All SDS and label instructions should be followed, and appropriate PPE should be worn during spill cleanup. (4) Accident procedures. In the event of an accident, immediately notify appropriate personnel and local emergency responders. Provide an SDS of any chemical involved to the attending physician. Complete an accident report and submit it to the appropriate office or individual within 24 hours. (5) Employee safety training program. New workers should attend safety training before they begin any activities. Additional training should be provided when they advance in their duties or are required to perform a task for the first time. Training documents should be recorded and maintained. Training should include hands-on instruction of how to use safety equipment appropriately. (6) Conduct drills. Practice building evacuations, including the use of alternate routes. Practice shelter-in-place, including plans for extended stays. Walk the fastest route from your work area to the nearest fire alarm, emergency eye wash and emergency shower. Learn how each is activated. In the excitement of an actual emergency, people rely on what they learned from drills, practice and trainin…