I'm performing a HECA on the service of a hydraulic press. List applicable hazards and controls for this job

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# How do I "identify potential hazards"? (cont.) <table><tr><th>Sequence of Events</th><th>Potential Incidents or Hazards</th><th>Preventive Measures</th></tr><tr><td>1. Park vehicle</td><td>a) Vehicle too close to passing traffic b) Vehicle on uneven, soft ground c) Vehicle may roll</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2. Remove the spare tire and tool kit</td><td>a) Strain from lifting spare tire</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3. Pry off the hub cap and loosen lug bolts (nuts)</td><td>a) Hub cap may pop off and hit you b) Lug wrench may slip</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>And so on</td><td>a)</td><td></td></tr></table> Again, all participants should jointly review this part of the analysis. ## How do I "determine preventive measures?" The next step in a job safety analysis is to determine ways to eliminate the hazards or control the risks identified. Hazards should be controlled using the hierarchy of controls. The hierarchy of controls is a step-by-step approach to eliminating or reducing workplace hazards. For more information, please see the OSH Answers on Hierarchy of Controls. Following the same principles as the hierarchy of controls, you would implement preventive measures in the following order of preference: ## 1. Eliminate the hazard Elimination is the most effective measure. These techniques should be used to eliminate the hazards: - Choose a different process - Modify an existing process - Substitute with less hazardous product - Improve environment (e.g., ventilation) - Modify or change equipment or tools In the hierarchy of controls, these would be elimination or substitution controls. 2. Contain the hazard Job Safety Analysis CCOHS

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CCOHS CCHST Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail Health and Safety Programs # Job Safety Analysis ## On this page <table><tr><th>What is a Job Safety Analysis?</th><th>How do I "identify potential hazards"?</th></tr><tr><td>What are the benefits of doing a job</td><td>How do I "determine preventive</td></tr><tr><td>safety analysis?</td><td>measures?"</td></tr><tr><td>Who should conduct a job safety.</td><td>How should I communicate the</td></tr><tr><td>analysis?</td><td>information to everyone?</td></tr><tr><td>What are the basic steps?</td><td>Appendix A: Sample Form for Job</td></tr><tr><td>What is important to know when</td><td>Safety Analysis Worksheet</td></tr><tr><td>"selecting the job"?</td><td>Appendix B: Sample Forms for Tasks</td></tr><tr><td>How do I break the job into "basic</td><td>and Job Inventory</td></tr><tr><td>steps"?</td><td></td></tr></table> ## What is a Job Safety Analysis? A job safety analysis (JSA) is a process which helps assess a job to identify hazards and necessary control measures. In a job safety analysis, each basic step of the job is broken down into steps to identify potential hazards and to recommend the safest way to do the job. Other terms used to describe this procedure are job hazard analysis (JHA) and job hazard breakdown. Some individuals prefer to expand the analysis into all aspects of the job, not just safety. This approach is known as total job analysis. Methodology is based on the idea that safety is an integral part of every job, not a separate entity. In this document, only health and safety aspects will be considered. The terms "job" and "task" are commonly used interchangeably to mean a specific work assignment, such as "operating a grinder," "using a pressurized water extinguisher," or "changing a flat tire." Generally, a job or task can be further divided into many smaller steps. Job safety analyses are not suitable for jobs defined too bro…

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# Hazard and Risk - Hazard Control (cont.) ## What are the main ways to control a hazard? (cont.) - Administrative Controls: controls that alter how the work is done, including timing of work, policies and other rules, and work practices such as standards and operating procedures (including training, housekeeping, equipment maintenance, and personal hygiene practices). - Personal Protective Equipment: equipment worn by individuals to reduce exposure, such as contact with chemicals or exposure to noise. These methods are also known as the "hierarchy of controls". For more information, please see the OSH Answers document Hierarchy of Controls. ## Where are controls used? Controls are usually placed: 1. At the source (where the hazard "comes from"). 2. Along the path (where the hazard "travels"). 3. At the worker. Air Path Dip Tank Source Worker Figure 2 The best strategy is to control the hazard at its source. Control at the source and control along the path are sometimes also known as engineering controls. ## Why is it important to monitor and review your hazard control program and methods? It is important to monitor both the hazard and the control method to make sure that the control is working effectively and that exposure to the hazard is reduced or eliminated. Some tools include physical inspection, testing, exposure assessment, observations, injury and illness tracking, incident investigations reports, employee feedback or input, occupational health assessment and other methods. Be sure to answer the following questions: Hazard and Risk - Hazard Control CCOHS

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# How do I "identify potential hazards"? (cont.) ## 1. Eliminate the hazard (cont.) If the hazard cannot be eliminated, contact might be prevented by using enclosures, machine guards, worker booths or similar devices. These are generally engineering controls. ## 3. Revise work procedures Consideration might be given to modifying steps which are hazardous, changing the sequence of steps, or adding additional steps (such as locking out energy sources). Work procedures and training fall under administrative controls. ## 4. Reduce the exposure These measures are the least effective and should only be used if no other solutions are possible. One way of minimizing exposure is to reduce the number of times the hazard is encountered. An example would be modifying machinery so that less maintenance is necessary. The use of appropriate personal protective equipment may be required. To reduce the severity of an incident, emergency facilities, such as eyewash stations, may need to be provided. This preventive measure is also an administrative control. Reducing the exposure may include using personal protective equipment. It is important to note that personal protective equipment can limit exposure to the harmful effects of a hazard, but only if the personal protective equipment is worn and used correctly. In listing the preventive measures, do not use general statements such as "be careful" or "use caution." Specific statements which describe both what action is to be taken and how it is to be performed are preferable. The recommended measures are listed in the right-hand column of the worksheet, numbered to match the hazard in question. For example: Job Safety Analysis CCOHS

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# Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification (cont.) ## How are hazards identified? (cont.) - Job descriptions and demands analysis - Job safety analysis - Incident investigations - Documents and records - Hazard reporting by employees - Hazard mapping To be sure that all hazards are found: - Look at all aspects of the work and include non-routine activities such as maintenance, repair, or cleaning. - Look at the physical work environment, equipment, materials, products, etc. that are used. - Include the various steps that make up a task or activity. - Look at injury and incident records. - Talk to the workers: they know their job and its hazards best. - Include all shifts and people who work off-site, either at home, on other job sites, drivers, teleworkers, or with clients. - Look at the way the work is organized or done by different individuals (including the experience of people doing the work, systems being used, if alternate methods are being used, etc.). - Look at foreseeable unusual conditions (for example, possible impact on hazard control procedures that may be unavailable in an emergency situation, power outage, etc.). - Determine whether a product, machine, or equipment can be intentionally or unintentionally changed (such as a safety guard that could be removed). - Review all of the phases of the lifecycle of processes, products, and services (such as design, transportation, construction, dismantling, and disposal). - Examine risks to visitors or the public. - Consider the groups of people that may have a different level of risk, such as young or inexperienced workers, persons with disabilities, or new or expectant mothers. - Consider the psychosocial aspects of the job and the hazards that could be created. ## What types of hazards are there? A common way to classify hazards is by category: Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification CCOHS

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# Designing an Effective PPE Program (cont.) ## What is personal protective equipment (PPE)? (cont.) Hazards exist in every workplace making strategies to protect workers are essential. The priority should be to follow the "hierarchy of control" including elimination, substitution, or engineering control(s) of hazards at their source or along the path between the source and the worker. Many methods are available, and those most appropriate to the specific situation should be used. Controls are usually placed: 1. At the source (where the hazard "comes from"). 2. Along the path (where the hazard "travels"). 3. At the worker. Air Path Dip Tank Source Worker Figure 1 - Control areas: At the source, along the path, and at the worker. Controlling a hazard at its source is the first choice because this method will eliminate it from the workplace altogether or isolate it from the worker. This approach may require substitution of a material with nonhazardous ones, isolation of hazards, ventilation, addition of safety features to existing equipment, redesign of the work processes, or purchase of new equipment. Administrative controls such as work practices, education/training, and housekeeping are also ways to control hazards. When the hazard cannot be removed or controlled adequately, personal protective equipment (PPE) may be used. PPE is considered the last level of protection when all other methods are not available or possible. See the OSH Answers documents Hazard Control for information on a hazard control program, and Hierarchy of Controls to learn about the effectiveness of different types of controls. ## How do I begin planning a protection strategy? Before any decision is made to begin or to expand a PPE program, it is important to understand the underlying principles of protection strategies. The main elements that must be considered are: Designing an Effective PPE Program CCOHS