JHA format for welding carbon steel

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# Welding - Overview of Types and Hazards (cont.) ## Is there more than one type of welding process? There are over 70 different welding processes. The type of welding process used is related to the specific application. The most common processes are: - Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), also known as Manual Metal Arc Welding, MMAW. - Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) or Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Welding. - Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW). - Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), also known as Metal Inert Gas (MIG) Welding or hard wire welding. - Plasma Arc Welding (PAW), Plasma Arc Cutting (PAC) and Gouging - Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) - Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) or spot welding. - Air Carbon Arc Cutting (CAC-A) and Air Carbon Arc Gouging (CAG) - Oxyfuel Gas Welding (OFG), Cutting and Heating (oxygen-acetylene [oxyacetylene] (OAW) or oxygen-propane [oxy-propane] mixtures are the most common fuel mixtures used). ## What, in general, are the hazards associated with welding? Health hazards associated with welding, cutting, and brazing operations will depend on the composition and exposure level to welding fumes and gases, and to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Health risks include respiratory irritation, metal fume fever, lung cancer, skin cancer, damage to the nervous system, asphyxiation, and other health risks. Safety hazards associated with these processes include burns, eye damage, electrical shock, cuts, injury to toes and fingers. Fires and explosions may also occur. Many of these hazards can be controlled with elimination and substitution controls (e.g., eliminate need for welding or using a using lower fume-generating welding process), engineering controls (e.g., local exhaust ventilation), work practices (e.g., remove coatings before welding, and worker training), and personal protective equipment (PPE)(e.g., respiratory protection). Risk assessments and occupational hygiene air sampling can be performed to determine health and safety risks and worker exp…

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# The Importance of JHAS ## What is a JHA? Job Hazard Analysis OSHA 3071 2002 Revised Occupational OSHA A job hazard analysis (JHA) is a process used to identify potential hazards associated with specific job tasks and determine the safest way to perform the task. The goal of a JHA is to improve worker safety by recognizing and controlling hazards before they cause injuries or accidents. ## Key Components of a JHA: 1. Task breakdown: The job is broken down into a series of specific tasks or steps. 2. Hazard identification: Each step is analyzed to identify potential hazards (e.g., electrical, chemical, physical, ergonomic hazards). 3. Risk control measures: After identifying the hazards, control measures are developed to eliminate or reduce the risks, such as using personal protective equipment (PPE), changing work procedures, or using safer equipment. ## Benefits of Conducting a JHA: • Accident prevention: By identifying hazards before they cause harm, accidents and injuries can more likely be prevented. • Compliance: JHAs help ensure compliance with OSHA regulations and other safety standards. • Training tool: JHAS can be used to train employees on safe work practices for specific tasks. Unfortunately, employers sometimes focus on JHAS only for production tasks. While important and often your highest frequency of worker exposure to hazards, supporting and non-routine tasks can have as many or more hazards present. Consider supportive operations such as maintenance, custodial, groundskeeping, etc., along with non-routine tasks such as accessing roofs, entering permit spaces, cleaning baghouses, etc. A thorough job hazard analysis can be a real turning point for a company's culture, not just in safety and health. When workers engage with leadership through observing and discussing work tasks, breaking them down step by step, and discussing mitigating the identified hazards, this activity creates an opportunity for dialogue. This dialogue can carry ov…

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# This material is for training use only (cont.) This material is for training use only # To determine risk, crunch the numbers It may be useful to quantify your risk assessment, especially if your employer wants you to justify investing the time and money needed to conduct the JHA. To help you do that, use the criteria and ratings within the probability and severity tables below to determine the overall risk of a task. <table><tr><th colspan="2">Probability – - The likelihood of Injury or Illness</th></tr><tr><td>Criteria</td><td>Rating</td></tr><tr><td>Is the most likely and expected result if employee enters danger zone.</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Is quite possible, would not be unusual, has an even 50/50 chance.</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Would be unusual sequence or coincidence.</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Would be a remotely possible coincidence. It has been known to have happened.</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Extremely remote but possible. Has never happened after many years of exposure.</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Practically impossible sequence or coincidence. Has never happened when exposed.</td><td>1</td></tr></table> <table><tr><th colspan="2">Severity - The most likely consequence</th></tr><tr><td>Criteria</td><td>Rating</td></tr><tr><td>Fatality</td><td>100*</td></tr><tr><td>Lost-time injury</td><td>50*</td></tr><tr><td>Non-loss-time injury</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Minor cuts, bruises, bumps; minor damage</td><td>1</td></tr></table> *multiply score by the number of workers ## Exercise 2: Determine the risk scores for the jobs under analysis. Job 1 Probability Score × Severity Score = Risk Score Job 2 Probability Score × Severity Score = = Risk Score Job 3 Probability Score x Severity Score = = Risk Score Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 27

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# Use the worksheet below to identify and list preventive measures in each step of the task your team has developed. (cont.) This material is for training use only # CONDUCTING THE JHA Step 5 - Write the Safe Job Procedure (SJP) ## Criteria for an Effective Safe Job Procedure - Write in a step-by-step format. Usually this means writing a number of paragraphs. • If no hazard or possible unsafe behavior exists in a step, just state the action. . If a hazard does exist in a step, state the action and identify: 1) the hazard 2) the possible injury it could cause, and 3) safety measures to prevent the injury. • Try to paint a word picture - concrete vs. abstract. • Write in the active voice - "take," not "should be taken." • Write as clearly as possible using simple words – “use,” not “utilize." - Keep sentences short. Use no more than 7-15 words. - Try to write in a less technical, more conversational style. ## Example Safe Job Procedure: Pounding a nail into a piece of wood. Before you begin, get a hammer, nails and two-by-four lumber. Be sure to check tools to make sure they are not defective. Check to ensure you have enough light to see the work. Select and put on leather gloves, goggles, and a face shield to protect your eyes. It's important to make sure they are clean, in good repair, and comfortable so they won't interfere with work. 1. Place a two-by-four on the work surface directly in front of you. Make sure the two-by-four is secured and stable. 2. Take a nail and place it on the 2x4 where you want to pound the nail. Use your thumb and fore- finger to hold the nail just below the head of the nail. Make sure you hold the nail so that the hammer will not hit your thumb or fingers. 3. Take the hammer and carefully tap the nail into the wood until it stands by itself. Brace the two- by-four with your free hand if you need to make sure the board does not move as you finish nailing. 4. Hammer the nail into the wood until the head of the …