Create a good safety topic for hazzard awareness

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# Enclosure and Isolation (cont.) ## Good Housekeeping (cont.) Being prepared for emergencies means making sure that the necessary equipment and supplies are readily available and that employees know what to do when something unplanned happens such as a release, spill, fire, or injury. These procedures should be written and employees should have the opportunity to practice their emergency response skills regularly. Please see the OSH Answers document on emergency_planning for more information. ## Personal Hygiene Practices and Facilities Personal hygiene practices are another effective way to reduce the amount of a hazardous material absorbed, ingested, or inhaled by a worker. Examples of personal hygiene practices include: - Washing hands after handling material and before eating, drinking or smoking. - Avoiding touching lips, nose, and eyes with contaminated hands. - No smoking, drinking, chewing gum or eating in the work areas - these activities should be permitted only in a "clean" area. - Not storing hazardous products in the same refrigerator as food items. Please see the OSH Answers documents on Workplace Housekeeping, Hand Washing: Reducing the Risk of Common Infections and Good Hygiene Practices - Reducing the Spread of Infections and Viruses for more information. ## What should I know about personal protective equipment (PPE) as a hazard control method? Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to anything workers wear to help protect them from workplace hazards. The use of PPE as the main method to control exposures should be limited to situations where elimination, substitution, engineering, or administrative controls are not practicable, or when: - Additional protection is required because other control methods are not sufficient to reduce the hazard - The hazard is a result of a temporary or emergency condition PPE limits exposure to the harmful effects of a hazard but only if the PPE is worn and used correctly. Examples of PPE inclu…

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# Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification (cont.) ## What is hazard identification? (cont.) - Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard identification). - Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis, and risk evaluation). - Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard or control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated (risk control). Overall, the goal of hazard identification is to find and record possible hazards that may be present in your workplace. It may help to work as a team and include people familiar with the work area, as well as people who are not -this way, you have both experienced and fresh eyes to conduct the inspection. ## When should hazard identification be done? Hazard identification can be done: - During design and implementation - Designing a new process or procedure - Purchasing and installing new machinery - Before tasks are done - Checking equipment or following processes - Reviewing surroundings before each shift - While tasks are being done - Be aware of changes, abnormal conditions, or sudden emissions - During inspections - Formal, informal, supervisor, health and safety committee - After incidents - Near misses or minor events - Injuries ## How are hazards identified? There are many ways a workplace can identify hazards, including: Workplace inspections Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification CCOHS

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# Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification (cont.) ## How do I know what is a hazard? (cont.) - Pinch points on machines (places where parts are very close together). - Objects that stick out (protrude) - Moving objects (conveyors, chains, belts, ropes, etc.) What could I fall from? (falls to lower levels) - Structures, tanks, silos. - Ladders, overhead walkways, elevating_platforms. - Roofs. - Trees or cliffs. - Trenches. What could I slip or trip on? (falls on the same level) - Obstructions on the floor and stairs. - Surface issues (wet, oily, icy, uneven). - Footwear that is in poor condition. How could I overexert myself? - Lifting (manual material handling). - Pulling or pushing. - Carrying. - Repetitive motions (work-related musculoskeletal disorders). - Awkward and static postures. What other situations could I come across? - Unknown or unauthorized people in the area. - A potentially violent situation. - Working alone. - Confined space. - Missing or damaged materials. - New equipment or procedures at the work site. - Fire or explosion. - Chemical spill or release. Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification CCOHS

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# 1926.65 - APPENDIX C COMPLIANCE GUIDELINES (cont.) As discussed in appendix B, no single combination of protective equipment and clothing is capable of protecting against all hazards. Thus PPE should be used in conjunction with other protective methods and its effectiveness evaluated periodically. The use of PPE can itself create significant worker hazards, such as heat stress, physical and psychological stress, and impaired vision, mobility, and communication. For any given situation, equipment and clothing should be selected that provide an adequate level of protection. However, over-protection, as well as under-protection, can be hazardous and should be avoided where possible. Two basic objectives of any PPE program should be to protect the wearer from safety and health hazards, and to prevent injury to the wearer from incorrect use and/or malfunction of the PPE. To accomplish these goals, a comprehensive PPE program should include hazard identification, medical monitoring, environmental surveillance, selection, use, maintenance, and decontamination of PPE and its associated training. The written PPE program should include policy statements, procedures, and guidelines. Copies should be made available to all employees, and a reference copy should be made available at the worksite. Technical data on equipment, maintenance manuals, relevant regulations, and other essential information should also be collected and maintained. 6. Incident command system (ICS). "Incident command system (ICS)." Paragraph 1926.65(q)(3)(ii) requires the implementation of an ICS. The ICS is an organized approach to effectively control and manage operations at an emergency incident. The individual in charge of the ICS is the senior official responding to the incident. The ICS is not much different than the "command post" approach used for many years by the fire service. During large complex fires involving several companies and many pieces of apparatus, a command post would be establi…

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CCOHS CCHST Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety + Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail Hazard and Risk # Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification ## On this page What is a hazard? What is hazard identification? When should hazard identification be done? How are hazards identified? What types of hazards are there? How do I know what is a hazard? Where can I find more information about hazards? What if I am new to the task or the workplace? ## What is a hazard? There are many definitions of hazard, but the most common definition when talking about workplace health and safety is "A hazard is any source of potential damage or harm to someone or something." The CSA Z1002 Standard "Occupational health and safety - Hazard identification and elimination and risk assessment and control" uses the following terms: - Harm - physical injury or damage to health. - Hazard - a potential source of harm to a worker. Basically, a hazard is the potential for harm or an adverse effect (for example, to people as health effects, to organizations as property or equipment losses, or to the environment). Please see the OSH Answers fact sheet on Hazard and Risk for more information. ## What is hazard identification? Hazard identification is part of the process used to evaluate if any particular situation, item, or thing may have the potential to cause harm. The term often used to describe the full process is risk assessment: Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification CCOHS

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# Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following: - 1926.65(I)(2)(i) - Pre-emergency planning. 1926.65(I)(2)(ii) Personnel roles, lines of authority, and communication. 1926.65(I)(2)(iii) Emergency recognition and prevention. 1926.65(I)(2)(iv) - Safe distances and places of refuge. 1926.65(I)(2)(v) Site security and control. 1926.65(I)(2)(vi) - Evacuation routes and procedures. 1926.65(I)(2)(vii) Decontamination procedures which are not covered by the site safety and health plan. 1926.65(I)(2)(viii) Emergency medical treatment and first aid. - 1926.65(I)(2)(ix) Emergency alerting and response procedures. 1926.65(I)(2)(x) Critique of response and follow-up. - 1926.65(I)(2)(xi) - PPE and emergency equipment. - 1926.65(I)(3) Procedures for handling emergency incidents. 1926.65(I)(3)(i)

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# F. Safety Recommendations-Physical Hazards (cont.) (1) Fire alarm policy. Most organizations use fire alarms whenever a building needs to be evacuated-for any reason. When a fire alarm sounds in the facility, evacuate immediately after extinguishing all equipment flames. Check on and assist others who may require help evacuating. (2) Emergency safety equipment. The following safety elements should be met: a. A written emergency action plan has been provided to workers; b. Fire extinguishers, eyewash units, and safety showers are available and tested on a regular basis; and C. Fire blankets, first-aid equipment, fire alarms, and telephones are available and accessible. (3) Chemical spills. Workers should contact the CHO or EHS office for instructions before cleaning up a chemical spill. All SDS and label instructions should be followed, and appropriate PPE should be worn during spill cleanup. (4) Accident procedures. In the event of an accident, immediately notify appropriate personnel and local emergency responders. Provide an SDS of any chemical involved to the attending physician. Complete an accident report and submit it to the appropriate office or individual within 24 hours. (5) Employee safety training program. New workers should attend safety training before they begin any activities. Additional training should be provided when they advance in their duties or are required to perform a task for the first time. Training documents should be recorded and maintained. Training should include hands-on instruction of how to use safety equipment appropriately. (6) Conduct drills. Practice building evacuations, including the use of alternate routes. Practice shelter-in-place, including plans for extended stays. Walk the fastest route from your work area to the nearest fire alarm, emergency eye wash and emergency shower. Learn how each is activated. In the excitement of an actual emergency, people rely on what they learned from drills, practice and trainin…

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# Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification (cont.) ## What types of hazards are there? (cont.) - Biological - bacteria, viruses, fungi, insects, plants, and animals. - Chemical - depends on the physical, chemical, and toxic properties of the product - Ergonomic - repetitive movements, improper setup of workstations, etc. - Physical - radiation, magnetic fields, temperature extremes, pressure extremes (high pressure or vacuum), noise, vibration, etc. - Psychosocial - stress, violence, harassment, etc. - Safety. - slipping or tripping hazards, inappropriate machine guarding, equipment malfunctions or breakdowns. ## How do I know what is a hazard? Another way to look at health and safety in your workplace is to ask yourself the following questions. These are examples only. You may find other items or situations that can be a hazard. List any item that should be examined. During the risk assessment process, the level of harm will be assessed. What materials or situations do I come into contact with? Possibilities could include: - Electricity. - Chemicals (liquids, gases, solids, mists, vapours, etc.). - Temperature extremes of heat or cold (such as working outdoors, bakeries, foundries, or meat processing). - lonizing and non-ionizing radiation (such as x-rays, ultraviolet (sun) rays). - Asphyxiants (oxygen deficiency) - Working on or near water or ice-covered water. What materials or equipment could I be struck by? - Moving objects (such as forklifts, overhead cranes, vehicles). - Flying objects (such as sparks or shards from grinding). - Falling material (such as tools and equipment from above). What objects or equipment could strike or hit my body, or that part of my body might be caught in, on, or between? - Stationary or moving objects. - Protruding objects. - Sharp or jagged edges. Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification CCOHS

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# Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification (cont.) ## How are hazards identified? (cont.) - Job descriptions and demands analysis - Job safety analysis - Incident investigations - Documents and records - Hazard reporting by employees - Hazard mapping To be sure that all hazards are found: - Look at all aspects of the work and include non-routine activities such as maintenance, repair, or cleaning. - Look at the physical work environment, equipment, materials, products, etc. that are used. - Include the various steps that make up a task or activity. - Look at injury and incident records. - Talk to the workers: they know their job and its hazards best. - Include all shifts and people who work off-site, either at home, on other job sites, drivers, teleworkers, or with clients. - Look at the way the work is organized or done by different individuals (including the experience of people doing the work, systems being used, if alternate methods are being used, etc.). - Look at foreseeable unusual conditions (for example, possible impact on hazard control procedures that may be unavailable in an emergency situation, power outage, etc.). - Determine whether a product, machine, or equipment can be intentionally or unintentionally changed (such as a safety guard that could be removed). - Review all of the phases of the lifecycle of processes, products, and services (such as design, transportation, construction, dismantling, and disposal). - Examine risks to visitors or the public. - Consider the groups of people that may have a different level of risk, such as young or inexperienced workers, persons with disabilities, or new or expectant mothers. - Consider the psychosocial aspects of the job and the hazards that could be created. ## What types of hazards are there? A common way to classify hazards is by category: Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification CCOHS