manhole cages
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Published by SALUSManhole Cages and Confined Space Entry ======================================
Date: 2025-10-06
Duration: \[DURATION] minutes
Presenter: \[PRESENTER NAME]
Location: \[LOCATION]
Objective
To understand the safety requirements and regulations for manhole cages and confined space entry to ensure worker safety and regulatory compliance.
Introduction
This toolbox talk covers the essential safety procedures and regulations for working with manhole cages and during confined space entry. It is crucial to understand these requirements to prevent accidents and ensure a safe working environment.
Hazard Identification
- Atmospheric Hazards: Oxygen deficiency, toxic gases (e.g., Hydrogen Sulfide - H₂S), flammable gases.: Asphyxiation, poisoning, explosion.
(Risk: High)
- Physical Hazards: Slips, trips, falls, engulfment, entanglement.: Injuries ranging from minor to fatal.
(Risk: Medium)
- Mechanical Hazards: Contact with moving parts of equipment, failure of equipment.: Crushing injuries, lacerations, amputations.
(Risk: Medium)
- Hazardous Energy: Electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, or thermal energy not properly controlled.: Electrocution, burns, crushing injuries.
(Risk: High)
Control Measures
- Atmospheric Testing: Conduct air quality testing before entry and continuously monitor during work.: Use calibrated equipment to test for oxygen levels, flammable gases, and toxic substances. Ensure oxygen content is within safe limits (19\.5% - 23%), and flammable gases are below 10% of the LFL. [1]
- Ventilation: Use mechanical ventilation to maintain a safe atmosphere.: Ensure continuous airflow to prevent the accumulation of hazardous gases. Exhaust air away from workers. [1]
- Lockout/Tagout: De-energize and isolate all hazardous energy sources.: Follow established lockout/tagout procedures to prevent accidental activation of equipment. Verify isolation before entry. [5]
- Entry Permit System: Complete an entry permit before each confined space entry.: The permit should include hazard assessment, control measures, atmospheric testing results, and authorized personnel. Post the permit at the entry point. [4]
- Standby Personnel: Provide a trained attendant outside the confined space.: The attendant must maintain continuous communication with entrants, monitor conditions inside the space, and be prepared to initiate rescue procedures. [1]
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements
- Hard Hat: Wear a hard hat to protect against head injuries from falling objects or contact with overhead structures.
- Safety Glasses/Goggles: Use safety glasses or goggles to protect eyes from dust, debris, and chemical splashes.
- Gloves: Wear appropriate gloves (e.g., chemical-resistant, cut-resistant) to protect hands from hazards.
- Harness and Lifeline: Use a full-body harness with a lifeline for entry into deep manholes or confined spaces to facilitate rescue.
Emergency Procedures
- Evacuate immediately if atmospheric conditions change or an alarm sounds.
- Contact emergency services (911\) and provide the location and nature of the emergency.
- Initiate rescue procedures, ensuring the rescuer is properly trained and equipped.
Questions and Answers
- Q: What should I do if the gas monitor alarm goes off?
A: Evacuate the confined space immediately and notify the supervisor.
- Q: Can I enter a confined space if the entry permit is not completed?
A: No, entry is prohibited without a completed and authorized entry permit.
Summary
Recap of main points:
- Always test the atmosphere before entering a confined space.
- Ensure proper ventilation and lockout/tagout procedures are followed.
- Maintain continuous communication with the attendant.
- Use required PPE and follow emergency procedures.
Report all hazards, near-misses, and incidents to your supervisor immediately.
Safety powered by SALUS
Sources used for this answer
[1] Cal/OSHA Regulations | Chapter 4 | Subchapter 7: General Industry Safety Orders | §5157. Permit-Required Confined Spaces, Appendix C - Examples of Permit-required Confined Space Programs
Page 5
Open source documentSource excerpt
# §5157. Permit-Required Confined Spaces, Appendix C - Examples of Permit-required Confined Space Programs. (cont.) ## B. ENTRY PERMIT REQUIRED (cont.) Slips and falls. Remove residual grease before entering cooker/dryer. Attendant. The supervisor shall be the attendant for employees entering cooker/dryers. Permit. The permit shall specify how isolation shall be done and any other preparations needed before making entry. This is especially important in parallel arrangements of cooker/dryers so that the entire operation need not be shut down to allow safe entry into one unit. Rescue. When necessary, the attendant shall call the fire department as previously arranged. Example 3. Workplace. Workplaces where tank cars, trucks, and trailers, dry bulk tanks and trailers, railroad tank cars, and similar portable tanks are fabricated or serviced. A. During fabrication. These tanks and dry-bulk carriers are entered repeatedly throughout the fabrication process. These products are not configured identically, but the manufacturing processes by which they are made are very similar. Sources of hazards. In addition to the mechanical hazards arising from the risks that an entrant would be injured due to contact with components of the tank or the tools being used, there is also the risk that a worker could be injured by breathing fumes from welding materials or mists or vapors from materials used to coat the tank interior. In addition, many of these vapors and mists are flammable, so the failure to properly ventilate a tank could lead to a fire or explosion. Control of hazards. Welding. Local exhaust ventilation shall be used to remove welding fumes once the tank or carrier is completed to the point that workers may enter and exit only through a manhole. (Follow the requirements of California Code of Regulations, Title 8, welding standards at all times.) Welding gas tanks may never be brought into a tank or carrier that is a permit entry confined space. Application of i…
[2] Confined Space - Introduction
Page 8
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Why is working in a confined space more hazardous than working in other workspaces? (cont.) ## How are fire and explosion prevented? (cont.) Continuous Monitor for Oxygen and Combustible Gases If potential flammable atmosphere hazards are identified during the initial testing, the air in the confined space should be cleaned or purged, ventilated and then tested again before entry to the confined space is allowed. Only after the air testing is within allowable limits should entry occur as the gases used for purging can also be extremely hazardous. ## How are energy sources controlled? All potentially hazardous energy sources such as electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, or thermal must be de-energized (or isolated) and locked out prior to entry to the confined space so that equipment cannot be turned on unintentionally. If de-energization is not possible, the hazardous energy must be controlled in a way that eliminates or minimizes worker exposure to the hazards before workers are allowed to enter the confined space. It is important that any method of control other than isolation and lockout must be evaluated and the effectiveness for controlling the hazardous energy must be demonstrated. Please see the OSH Answers on Hazardous Energy Control Programs and Lockout/Tag_out for more information. ## What are other safety precautions? Many other situations or hazards may be present in a confined space. Be sure that all hazards and risks are identified and controlled, for example: - Any liquids or free-flowing solids should be removed from the confined space to eliminate the risk of drowning or suffocation. - All pipes should be physically disconnected or isolation blanks bolted in place. Closing valves is not sufficient. - Use two blocking valves, with an open vent or bleed valve between the blocking valves when isolating pipelines or similar conveyances to prevent entry of materials and hazardous contaminants. - A barrier is present to p…
[3] Confined Space - Program
Page 2
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Confined Space - Program (cont.) ## What is a Confined Space Hazard Assessment and Control Program? (cont.) - Development of an emergency plan complete with training and equipment in case an unforeseen situation occurs. - An emergency response system. - Reporting and investigating incidents related to work in confined spaces. - Record and documentation control. - Program review whenever there is a change in circumstances or at least annually, to identify program weaknesses and make any necessary changes to the program. More information about confined spaces is located in the OSH Answers documents Confined Spaces - Introduction and Confined Space - Atmospheric Testing. ## What is an Entry Permit System? An entry permit is an administrative tool used to document the completion of a hazard and risk assessment for each confined space entry. Someone fully trained and experienced in confined space work should complete the entry permit. Some jurisdictions require a permit for all confined space entries. An entry permit is required for confined spaces where the hazard and risk assessment determined that the measures to control the risk involve the following: - atmospheric monitoring, - isolation, - lockout, - ventilation, - safeguarding devices, - respiratory protection, or - any other control that needs to be verified and documented in the permit as required by the assessment. Before entering a confined space, an entry permit should be completed. It should contain at least the following information: - The length of time the permit is valid for. - The name(s) of the worker(s) that are authorized to enter the confined space. - The name(s) of the attendant(s) (safety watch). - The name of the supervisor responsible for the work. - The location and description of the confined space. Confined Space - Program CCOHS
[4] WAC 296-155-[redacted postal code] - Confined space work on sewer systems under construction
Page 1
Open source documentSource excerpt
WAC 296-155-[redacted postal code] Confined space work on sewer systems under construction. New systems under construction or new installations which have not yet been connected to a used system, may substitute forced ventilation for the testing requirements of chapter 296-809 WAC provided: (1) Ventilation is effectively provided at least 5 minutes prior to entry into the confined space; (2) Ventilation is provided, as required by WAC 296-62-[redacted postal code], et seq., which supplies a continuous flow of air; (3) Ventilation exhaust is discharged so as to present no hazard to other employees; (4) An attendant is provided at the surface when there are em- ployees in the manhole or pipe. The attendant must not leave the man- hole unattended until such time as all employees are out and the cover has been replaced; and (5) All other requirements for confined spaces are observed. See chapter 296-809 WAC. [Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060. WSR 16-09-085, § 296-155-[redacted postal code], filed 4/19/16, effective 5/20/16. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. WSR 94-15-096 (Order 94-07), § 296-155-[redacted postal code], filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040 and 49.17.050. WSR 86-03-074 (Order 86-14), § 296-155-[redacted postal code], filed 1/21/86.] Certified on 2/20/2023 WAC 296-155-[redacted postal code] Page 1
[5] Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHA 29 CFR 1910) - 1910.146 App D - Confined Space Pre-Entry Check List
Page 2
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Occupational Safety and Health Administration (cont.) Appendix D - 1 Confined Space Entry Permit Date & Time Issued: Job site/Space I.D.: Equipment to be worked on: Stand-by personnel 1. Atmospheric Checks: Time Oxygen olo Explosive % L.F.L. Toxic PPM 2. Tester's signature 3. Source isolation (No Entry): N/A Yes No Pumps or lines blinded, ( ) ( ) ( ) disconnected, or blocked ( ) ( ) ( ) 4. Ventilation Modification: N/A Yes No Mechanical ( ) ( ) ( ) Natural Ventilation only ( ) ( ) ( ) 5. Atmospheric check after isolation and Ventilation: Oxygen or > 19.5 % Explosive % L.F.L. < 10 olo Toxic PPM < 10 PPM H₂S Time Testers signature 6. Communication procedures: 7. Rescue procedures: Date and Time Expires: Job Supervisor Work to be performed: 8. Entry, standby, and back up persons: Yes No Successfully completed required training? Is it current? ( ) ( ) 9. Equipment: N/A Yes No Direct reading gas monitor - tested ( ) ( ) ( ) Safety harnesses and lifelines for entry and standby persons ( ) ( ) ( ) Hoisting equipment ( ) ( ) ( ) Powered communications ( ) ( ) ( ) SCBA's for entry and standby persons ( ) ( ) ( ) Protective Clothing ( ) ( ) ( ) All electric equipment listed Class I, Division I, Group D and Non-sparking tools ( ) ( ) ( ) 10. Periodic atmospheric tests: Oxygen % Time Oxygen % Time Oxygen % Time Oxygen % Time Explosive % Time Explosive % Time Explosive % Time Explosive % Time Toxic % Time Toxic % Time Toxic % Time Toxic % Time We have reviewed the work authorized by this permit and the information contained here-in. Written instructions and safety procedures have been received and are understood. Entry cannot be approved if any squares are marked in the "No" column. This permit is not valid unless all appropriate items are completed. Permit Prepared By: (Supervisor) Approved By: (Unit Supervisor) Reviewed By (Cs Operations Personnel): (printed name) (signature) This permit to be kept at job site. Return job site copy to Safety Office followin…
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