Erecting steel
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Published by SALUSRisk Assessment for Erecting Steel
Potential Hazards
- Fall Hazards: Workers are at risk of falling from heights during steel erection activities.
- Falling Objects: Tools, materials, or structural components may fall, posing a risk to workers below.
- Structural Instability: Inadequate bracing or anchorage can lead to structural collapse during erection.
- Hoisting and Rigging Hazards: Improper use of cranes and rigging equipment can lead to dropped loads or equipment failure.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Non-compliance: Failure to use appropriate PPE can increase the risk of injury.
Risk Assessment
- Likelihood: High for fall hazards and falling objects due to the nature of the work.
- Severity: Severe, as falls and structural failures can result in serious injury or death.
Control Measures
- Elimination/Substitution: Not applicable as steel erection inherently involves working at heights and with heavy materials.
- Engineering Controls:
- Administrative Controls:
- PPE:
- Require the use of hard hats, protective footwear, gloves, and fall arrest systems [5].
Monitoring and Review
- Conduct regular safety audits and inspections to ensure compliance with safety plans and regulations.
- Review and update the site-specific erection plan as necessary to address any changes in site conditions or procedures.
Recommendations
- Implement a comprehensive training program for all workers involved in steel erection, focusing on fall protection and safe hoisting practices.
- Ensure that all equipment, including cranes and rigging, is inspected before each shift by a competent person [6].
- Maintain clear communication and coordination among all trades and contractors on site to prevent accidents and ensure safety compliance [3].
Sources used for this answer
[1] HIOSH Construction Standards: Occupational Safety and Health (12-8-3)
Page 14
Open source documentSource excerpt
Telephone: 1-[redacted phone]; FAX: (540) 3681722; www.atssa.com ; Institute of Transportation Engineers, [redacted street address], NW., Suite 300 West, Washington, DC [redacted identifier]; FAX: (202) 289-7722; www.ite.org ; and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; www.aashto.org ; Telephone: 1-[redacted phone]; FAX: 1-800-5255562. Electronic copies of the MUTCD 2000 are available for downloading at ttp://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/knomillennium . The document is available for inspection at the OSHA Docket Office, Room N2625, U.S. Department of Labor, [redacted street address], NW., Washington, DC [redacted postal code] or at the Office of the Federal Register, [redacted street address], NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC. - (3) The following requirements are added to 29 C.F.R., Part 1926, Subpart R: - (A) Personnel employed in steel erection shall always wear hard hats while on the job site. - (B) Protective footwear as defined in ANSI Z41-1999, shall always be worn while on the job site. - (C) Gloves, special protective clothing, respirators, and any other personal protective equipment shall be worn as necessary. - (D) There shall be maintained at the site a record of the identity of the Structural Engineer of Record (SER), all qualified persons and their area of expertise, and all competent persons for the steel erection activity. - (E) All approvals, certifications, authorizations, drawings, and plans required by this chapter shall be
[2] General Regulation (N.B. Reg. 91-191)
Page 107
Open source documentSource excerpt
## Structural Framework 96-61 ## Structural framework 94.2 (1) Where structural framework is being erected using structural steel or tilt-up construction, an employer shall ensure - (a) that drawings for the erection of the structural framework are prepared, - (b) that an engineer - (i) certifies the drawings referred to in para -graph (a), and - (ii) establishes safe procedures for ensuring the stability of the structural framework, and - (c) that a competent person, designated by the em -ployer to supervise the erection of the structural framework, - (i) establishes the sequence for erecting the struc -tural framework, - (ii) ensures the stability of the structural frame -work during its erection, and - (iii) is present on the project site until the struc -tural framework is stabilized. 94.2 (2) If it becomes necessary to modify the proce -dures referred to in subparagraph (1)(b)(ii), an employer shall ensure that the procedures as modified are certified by an engineer. ## 94.2 (3) An employer shall ensure - (a) that employees engaged in the erection of the structural framework are instructed in the procedures referred to in subparagraph (1)(b)(ii), or as modified under subsection (2), and - (b) that the procedures referred to in subpara -graph (1)(b)(ii), or as modified under subsection (2), are followed. - 94.2 (4) An employer shall ensure that the drawings re -ferred to in paragraph (1)(a) and the procedures referred to in subparagraph (1)(b)(ii), or as modified under sub -section (2), 96-61 ## Charpente 94.2 (1) Lorsque de l'acier de construction ou une mé -thode de construction par levage est utilisé pour le mon -tage de la charpente, l'employeur doit s'assurer - a) que les plans et devis pour le montage de la char -pente soient faits, - b) qu'un ingénieur - (i) certifie les plans et devis visés à l'alinéa a), et - (ii) établisse des procédures de sécurité pour as -surer l'équilibre de la charp…
[3] HIOSH Construction Standards: Occupational Safety and Health (12-8-3)
Page 17
Open source documentSource excerpt
and drawings where applicable shall be developed by a qualified person and be available at the work site until all steel erection activity is completed. Guidelines for establishing a site specific erection plan are contained in 29 C.F.R. 1926 Subpart R Appendix A. - (9) 29 C.F.R. §1926.753(c)(1)(i) is amended to read as follows: Cranes being used in steel erection activities shall be visually inspected prior to each shift by a competent person; the inspection shall include observation for potential deficiencies that may occur during operation. At a minimum this inspection shall include the following: - (A) All control mechanisms for maladjustments; - (B) Control and drive mechanism for excessive wear of components and contamination by lubricants, water, or other foreign matter; - (C) Safety devices, including but not limited to boom angle indicators, boom stops, boom kick out devices, anti-two block devices, and load moment indicators where required; - (D) Air, hydraulic, and other pressurized lines for deterioration or leakage, particularly those that flex in normal operation; - (E) Hooks and latches for deformation, chemical damage, cracks, or wear; - (F) Wire rope reeving for compliance with hoisting equipment manufacturer's specifications; - (G) Electrical apparatus for malfunctioning, signs of excessive deterioration, dirt, or moisture accumulation;
[4] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)
Page 825
Open source documentSource excerpt
Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Division 3 ## Appendix A to Subpart R - Guidelines for Establishing the Components of a Site-specific Erection Plan: Non-mandatory Guidelines for Complying with 1926.752(e) - (a) General. This appendix serves as a guideline to assist employers who elect to develop a site-specific erection plan in accordance with 1926.752(e) with alternate means and methods to provide employee protection in accordance with 1926.752(e), 1926.753(c)(5), 1926.757(a)(4) and 1926.757(e)(4). - (b) Development of a site-specific erection plan. Pre-construction conference(s) and site inspection(s) are held between the erector and the controlling contractor, and others such as the project engineer and fabricator before the start of steel erection. The purpose of such conference(s) is to develop and review the sitespecific erection plan that will meet the requirements of this section. - (c) Components of a site-specific erection plan. In developing a site-specific erection plan, a steel erector considers the following elements: - (1) The sequence of erection activity, developed in coordination with the controlling contractor, that includes the following: - (i) Material deliveries: - (ii) Material staging and storage; and - (iii) Coordination with other trades and construction activities. - (2) A description of the crane and derrick selection and placement procedures, including the following: - (i) Site preparation; - (ii) Path for overhead loads; and - (iii) Critical lifts, including rigging supplies and equipment. - (3) A description of steel erection activities and procedures, including the following: - (i) Stability considerations requiring temporary bracing and guying; - (ii) Erection bridging terminus point; - (iii) Anchor rod (anchor bolt) notifications regarding repair, replacement and modifications; - (iv) Columns and beams (including joists and purlins);
[5] HIOSH Construction Standards: Occupational Safety and Health (12-8-3)
Page 21
Open source documentSource excerpt
- (19) - 29 C.F.R. §1926.757(a)(2)(i)(D) is amended to read as follows: Be included in the structure specific erection drawings and site-specific erection plans. - (20) 29 C.F.R. §1926.757(a)(7) is amended to read as follows: - No modification that affects the strength of a steel joist or steel joist girder shall be made without the written approval of the project structural engineer of record. - (21) 29 C.F.R. §1926.757(d)(6)(i) is amended to read as follows: - The bridging shall be indicated on the structure specific erection drawing; (22) 29 C.F.R. §1926.760 is amended to read as follows: - (A) General requirements. - (i) Each employee including connectors, engaged in a steel erection activity who is on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge ten (10) feet (3.1 m) or more above a lower level shall be protected from fall hazards by guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems or fall restraint systems. - (ii) Perimeter safety cables. On multi-story structures, perimeter safety cables shall be installed at the final interior and exterior perimeters of the floors as soon as the metal decking has been installed. Perimeter safety cables shall meet the criteria for guardrail systems in 29 C.F.R. 1926 Subpart R Appendix G.
[6] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)
Page 826
Open source documentSource excerpt
Division 3 AO 1-2011 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (v) Connections; - (vi) Decking; and - (vii) Ornamental and miscellaneous iron. - (4) A description of the fall protection procedures that will be used to comply with 1926.760. - (5) A description of the procedures that will be used to comply with 1926.759. - (6) A description of the special procedures required for hazardous non-routine tasks. - (7) A certification for each employee who has received training for performing steel erection operations as required by 1926.761. - (8) A list of the qualified and competent persons. - (9) A description of the procedures that will be utilized in the event of rescue or emergency response. - (d) Other plan information. The plan: - (1) Includes the identification of the site and project; and - (2) Is signed and dated by the qualified person(s) responsible for its preparation and modification. Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 3-2002, f. 4/15/02, ef. 4/18/02.
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