tolerance zone is the area where you aren’t supposed to dig with machinery
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Published by SALUSSafety regulations for machinery operation within tolerance zones and prohibited excavation areas include several key considerations. A warning system must be utilized when mobile equipment is operated adjacent to an excavation, especially if the operator lacks a clear view of the edge. Acceptable warning systems include barricades, hand signals, mechanical signals, or stop logs. [1]
Employees should be provided with and wear warning vests or other suitable garments marked with or made of reflectorized or high visibility material when exposed to vehicular traffic. [1]
It is important to preplan excavation operations to avoid cave-ins. Important questions to consider prior to digging include:
- What types of soil will be found?
- What are the soil moisture conditions?
- Has the soil previously been disturbed?
- How large will the excavation be?
- How long will the excavation be open?
- What kinds of weather can we expect?
- What kinds of equipment will be on the job?
- Will the excavation be near structures?
- Is traffic control needed near the excavation?
- What sources of vibration will be nearby?
- Will water be a problem?
- What kind of shoring? How much?
- Underground installations?
[3] Additionally, a competent person should inspect the excavation site daily, before each shift, and after any event that could increase hazards, such as precipitation or a thaw. The competent person should also ensure that spoil piles are at least two feet from the trench edge and that there is a safe exit within 25 feet of each worker. [2]
Employees are not allowed under loads handled by lifting or digging equipment and must be protected from vehicles being loaded or unloaded to prevent falling material. [1]
Sources used for this answer
[1] Excavation Safety- Instructor Version
Page 7
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Scope, Application, and Definitions (cont.) This material is for training use only # Preplanning Against Cave-Ins One of the most important steps in avoiding cave-ins is the preplanning of excavation operations. Some of the questions that must be answered prior to digging are: 1. What types of soil will be found? 2. What are the soil moisture conditions? 3. Has the soil previously been disturbed? 4. How large will the excavation be? 5. How long will the excavation be open? 6. What kinds of weather can we expect? 7. What kinds of equipment will be on the job? 8. Will the excavation be near structures? 9. - Is traffic control needed near the excavation? 10. What sources of vibration will be nearby? 11. Will water be a problem? 12. What kind of shoring? How much? 13. Underground installations? PETROL PIPELINE OR-OSHA 302 Excavation Safety 5
[2] Excavation Safety- Instructor Version
Page 11
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Underground Installations [29 CFR 1926.651(b)] (cont.) ## Access and Egress [29 CFR 1926.651(c)] (cont.) This material is for training use only # General Requirements {Division 3/Subdivision P 29 CFR 1926.651} ## Exposure To Vehicular Traffic [29 CFR 1926.651(d)] Employees must be provided and wear warning vests or other suitable garments marked with or made of reflectrorized or high visibility material. ## Exposure To Falling Loads [29 CFR 1926.651(e)] Employees are not allowed under loads handled by lifting or digging equipment. Workers must either stand away or otherwise be protected from any vehicle being loaded or unloaded to avoid spilling or falling material. ## Warning System for Mobile Equipment [29 CFR 1926.651 (f)] A warning system must be utilized when mobile equipment is operated adjacent to an excavation, or when such equipment is required to approach the edge of an excavation, and the operator does not have clear and direct view of the edge. Barricades, hand or mechanical signals, or stop logs can be used. OR-OSHA 302 Excavation Safety 9
[3] Roadway Safety: Excavation
Page 3
Open source documentSource excerpt
# How Do We Prevent Cave-Ins? Trenches 5 feet or deeper require support.* (cont.) ## Shielding (cont.) BEGIN Excavation INSTRUCTION ZONE ROADWAY SAFETY 3 # What Else Does Excavation Require? Employer should designate 'competent person.' ## 'Competent person' must inspect - At least daily and beginning of each shift - After precipitation, a thaw, and other events that could increase hazard - For disturbed ground, water, toxics, and other hazards • If walls sag or crack or the bottom bulges - To keep spoil at least two feet from trench edge - If there are nearby vibration sources such as railroads or piledriving - That no worker is more than 25 feet from an exit. 'Competent person' should stop the work if a hazard exists. 2' or more 2' or more 3' 50' or less
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