What is the most important part of adult learning theory when it comes to educating construction workers

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Strengthening Jobsite Safety Climate by Using and Improving Leading Indicators # Training at All Levels Construction companies in partnership with workers are responsible for ensuring that jobsite hazards are eliminated or at least minimized. These partnerships are most effective when they exist within a positive safety climate. The safety climate on a specific construction project refers to managements' and workers' shared perceptions of the adequacy of the safety and health programs and the consistency between the organization's espoused safety policies/procedures and the actual conditions at the jobsite. It is the combination of safety climates from multiple organizations including the project owner, construction manager/general contractor, and subcontractors and it may be influenced by local conditions such as project delivery, scheduling, planning methods and existing norms amongst involved trades. WORKSHEET #7 All employees need to know and understand where and how they fit into the safety culture and climate. The best way to ensure this happens is to provide ongoing, effective training tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities at each level of the organization. Training should be provided by qualified trainers using adult learning principles; including active and interactive learning techniques. Which best describes your company? <table><tr><th>Company does not engage in on-going employee training and education. It assumes workers are trained properly when they come on-site and that supervisors have leadership skills. Fraudulent training cards may even be accepted.</th><th>Only the OSHA 10-hour certificate is required for both workers and supervisors. The training that exists is aimed exclusively at individual worker behavior. Training is only implemented after an incident, and the commitment to training diminishes over time.</th><th>Workers are provided OSHA 10 training. An off-the-shelf curriculum is used to meet OSHA and management system t…

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# EXHIT 2. Safety Management Practices Reflected in the Construction Standards and Guidelines of Major Organizations (continued) (cont.) # EXHT 2. Safety Management Practices Reflected in the Coruction Standards and Guidelines of Major Organizations (continued) <table><tr><th>MANAGEMENT PRACTICE</th><th>OSHA CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS (29 CFR 1926) 1971</th><th>CORPS OF ENGINEERS SAFETY AND HEALTH REQUIREMENTS MANUAL 1992</th><th>BUREAU OF RECLAMATION CONSTRUCTION SAFETY STANDARDS 1987</th><th>DOE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SAFETY AND HEALTHI MANAGEMENT ORDER 5480.9, 1993</th><th>ANSI A10.38 BASIC ELEMENTS OF CON- STRUCTION PROGRAMS 1991</th><th>ANSI A10.33 PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS FOR MULTI- EMPLOYER PROJECTS 1992</th><th>ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS MANUAL OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION IN CONSTRUCTION 1992</th><th>ILO CODE OF PRACTICE, SAFETY AND HEALTH IN CON- STRUCTION 1992</th><th>EC DIRECTIVE FOR CONSTRUC- TION SITES 1992</th></tr><tr><td>TRAINING/ SAFETY MEETINGS (continued)</td><td></td><td>provisions of Corps manual; • Accident- reporting re- quirements; Facilities and pro- cedures for emer- gency response and medical treat- ment; • Unsafe conditions reporting and cor- recting; and Job-specific haz- ards and control measures. Safety meetings shall be held at least weekly for all work- ers, and meetings must be documented. Employees shall be trained to handle emergency situations. Safety meetings are to be conducted at least once a month for all supervisors; once a week by supervisors or fore- men for all workers.</td><td>Each employee shall receive training in the recognition and avoidance of job- specific hazards prior to initiating job assignment. On-site training will be pro- vided to those hand- ling specific hazard- ous materials or tools; Scheduled monthly safety meetings with the Contracting Offi- cer's Representative are to be held to re- view the effectiveness of the contractor's safety effort, lo resolve safety and health problems, and provide a forum fo…

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# APPENDIX A. REVIEW OF THE RECENT CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MANAGEMENT LITERATURE (cont.) ## WORKER PROTECTION PROGRAMS IN CONSTRUCTION (cont.) - Safety training, which covers: - Basic safety rules and emergency procedures; - Hazard communication (Right To Know); - Lock-out/tag-out procedures; - Proper use of respirators; and - Heavy equipment certification; - Supervisory training, covering: - Attitude and behavior; - Disciplinary guidelines; - Accident/incident reporting and investigation; and - Incentives/recognition programs; - Weekly site safety meetings; • Site safety inspections; • Hazardous work permits; - Constructor safety performance evaluation; - Statistical reporting and feedback; and - Recognition of superior safety performance. This report's specific recommendations for owner firms or buyers of construction services are listed in the business management section of this summary. Below are some of the specific suggestions for contractor firms: Construction contractors should: - Understand the total workers' compensation insurance premium (WCIP) con- cept and how it is affected by worksite accidents. - Ascertain that the manual rate classification codes used to calculate the WCIP accurately represent the work of the crafts employed. - Set Experience Modification, Total Recordable Incidence and Total Lost Work- day Incidence "Hurdle Rates" as targets of acceptability for prequalifying sub- contractors, and allow only prequalified subcontractors to bid. - Start every meeting with emphasis on the safety performance of the company. Ensure that people at all levels understand that safety is of paramount impor- tance. A-8