daily tool box

Source excerpt

# Personal Protective Equipment - Body Type and Gender Considerations (cont.) ## Is there any research in this field? (cont.) - Functional fit and comfort are crucial in PPE design. Canadian women identified these factors, along with trust in the protective abilities of their PPE and the freedom to move, as key to their satisfaction. - A significant number of women reported problems with their PPE. - The most common issues reported by Canadian women with their PPE were improper fit, discomfort, and inadequate availability of women-specific PPE. - To address these problems, women are personally sourcing, and paying out of pocket for, better-fitting or women-specific PPE or modifying their existing equipment for safety and comfort. The survey revealed that Canadian women frequently encounter issues with their PPE, such as wearing the wrong size (58%), not wearing all required PPE due to fit issues (28%), and resorting to workarounds to make their PPE fit (38%). Workarounds included using rubber bands, safety pins, and duct tape. Approximately 40% of women reported experiencing injuries or incidents they attributed to their PPE. To read the full report, please see the CSA Group's Canadian Women's Experiences with Personal Protective Equipment in the Workplace. ## Is poor-fitting PPE really a big deal? Yes. While PPE should be the last resort and alternative controls should be prioritized, employers often rely on PPE as a simple and cost-effective method to control exposure or provide additional protection. Therefore, it is crucial that PPE fits properly, offers maximum protection, and instills trust in workers that it will prevent injuries and exposures. If PPE is supplied to workers and it does not fit properly, workers may need to adjust or modify the PPE, which can reduce the equipment's effectiveness. Constantly making adjustments to the equipment can decrease productivity. Physically modifying the PPE can impact the effectiveness of the equipment and may…

Source excerpt

# Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification (cont.) ## How are hazards identified? (cont.) - Job descriptions and demands analysis - Job safety analysis - Incident investigations - Documents and records - Hazard reporting by employees - Hazard mapping To be sure that all hazards are found: - Look at all aspects of the work and include non-routine activities such as maintenance, repair, or cleaning. - Look at the physical work environment, equipment, materials, products, etc. that are used. - Include the various steps that make up a task or activity. - Look at injury and incident records. - Talk to the workers: they know their job and its hazards best. - Include all shifts and people who work off-site, either at home, on other job sites, drivers, teleworkers, or with clients. - Look at the way the work is organized or done by different individuals (including the experience of people doing the work, systems being used, if alternate methods are being used, etc.). - Look at foreseeable unusual conditions (for example, possible impact on hazard control procedures that may be unavailable in an emergency situation, power outage, etc.). - Determine whether a product, machine, or equipment can be intentionally or unintentionally changed (such as a safety guard that could be removed). - Review all of the phases of the lifecycle of processes, products, and services (such as design, transportation, construction, dismantling, and disposal). - Examine risks to visitors or the public. - Consider the groups of people that may have a different level of risk, such as young or inexperienced workers, persons with disabilities, or new or expectant mothers. - Consider the psychosocial aspects of the job and the hazards that could be created. ## What types of hazards are there? A common way to classify hazards is by category: Hazard and Risk - Hazard Identification CCOHS

Source excerpt

# Designing an Effective PPE Program (cont.) ## What is an example of a personal protective equipment (PPE) program checklist? (cont.) Use job hazard analysis techniques to integrate accepted safety and health principles and practice into specific operations. Selection - Choose PPE to match the hazard. - Get advice on proper selection. - Have a workplace trial, whenever possible. - Consider the physical comfort of PPE. - Evaluate cost considerations of PPE usage. - Ensure PPE meets standards or certification requirements (e.g., Canadian Standards Association (CSA), Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), American National Standards Institute (ANSI)). Fitting and wearing - Include fitting of PPE to the individual. - Observe or survey users to make sure the PPE is worn and worn properly. ## Maintenance - Make sure that workers know how to perform regular maintenance and inspection of their PPE. - Make sure that workers can identify potential problems or defects with their PPE during the pre-use inspection or while wearing/using. Education and Training - Verify that all users, supervisors, selectors, buyers, and stock keepers are educated and trained in their role. - Make sure that education and training programs are ongoing. Audit the Program - Review the program at least annually. - Review and compare production and safety performance records. Worker responsibilities include: Use of proper PPE Designing an Effective PPE Program CCOHS

Source excerpt

# What are the benefits of doing a job safety analysis? (cont.) ## Who should conduct a job safety analysis? (cont.) The basic steps in conducting a job safety analysis are: - Select the job to be analyzed - Break the job down into a sequence of steps - Identify potential hazards - Determine preventive measures to control these hazards - Communicate the results ## What is important to know when "selecting the job"? Ideally, all jobs should be subjected to a job safety analysis. In some cases, practical constraints are posed by the amount of time and effort required to do a job safety analysis. Another consideration is that each job safety analysis will require revision whenever equipment, raw materials, processes, or the environment changes. For these reasons, it is usually necessary to identify which jobs are to be analyzed. Even if an analysis of all jobs is planned, this step ensures that the most critical jobs are examined first. Factors to be considered in setting a priority for the analysis of jobs include: - Incident frequency and severity: jobs where incidents occur frequently or where they occur infrequently but result in serious injuries. - Potential for severe injuries or illnesses: the consequences of an incident, hazardous condition, or exposure to harmful products are potentially severe. - Newly established jobs: due to lack of experience in these jobs, hazards may not be evident or anticipated. - Modified jobs: new hazards may be associated with changes in job procedures. - Infrequently performed jobs: workers may be at greater risk when undertaking non- routine jobs, and a JSA provides a means of reviewing hazards. ## How do I break the job into "basic steps"? After a job has been chosen for analysis, the next stage is to break the job into steps. A job step is defined as a segment of the operation necessary to advance the work. Job Safety Analysis CCOHS

Source excerpt

# What are the benefits of doing a job safety analysis? (cont.) ## How do I break the job into "basic steps"? (cont.) Care must be taken not to make the steps too general. Missing specific steps may make it difficult to identify potential hazards. On the other hand, if the steps are too detailed, the job safety analysis will be too long. A rule of thumb is that most jobs can be described in less than ten steps. If more steps are required, you might want to divide the job into two segments, each with its separate job safety analysis, or combine steps where appropriate. As an example, the job of changing a flat tire will be used throughout this document. An important point to remember is to keep the steps in their correct sequence. Any step that is out of order may cause a team to miss potential hazards or introduce hazards which do not actually exist. Make notes about what is done rather than how it is done. Start each item with an action verb. Appendix A (below) illustrates a format that can be used as a worksheet to prepare a job safety analysis. Job steps are recorded in the left-hand column, as shown here: <table><tr><th>Sequence of Events (Steps)</th><th>Potential Incidents or Hazards</th><th>Preventive Measures</th></tr><tr><td>1. Park vehicle</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2. Remove the spare tire and tool kit</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3. Pry off the hub cap and loosen lug bolts (nuts)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>And so on</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> This part of the analysis is usually prepared by knowing the basic steps of a job or watching a worker do the job. The observer is normally the immediate supervisor. However, a more thorough analysis often happens by having another person, preferably a member of the health and safety committee, participate in the observation. Key points are less likely to be missed in this way. The job observer should have experience with the task and be capable in all parts of the job. The reason…

Source excerpt

# How can we make sure we are accommodating our diverse workforce? (cont.) Most importantly, listen to the workers' concerns about fit, comfort, and other safety issues. Employers are responsible for providing PPE to workers, whether that means purchasing the equipment, providing the equipment to purchase, or helping workers find the appropriate and required PPE. Workers must be trained on the proper use, fit, maintenance, and storage of PPE. By providing awareness to workers about the importance of fit, and offering many options, workers will be more likely to be comfortable in their PPE and wear it properly. When procuring PPE, employers should consider ergonomics during the selection process. Consider the weight and comfort of the PPE, the range of motion of the worker, and if many different types of equipment must be worn together. Conduct a risk assessment for all new and existing PPE to ensure that it provides adequate protection and that many different options are offered. Several companies in Canada have been working towards developing inclusive workwear and PPE. We recommend researching or inquiring with your safety supplier to get the most up-to- date information on the specific companies and what they offer. A PPE program should be reviewed and updated regularly. This update should include considerations for gender and PPE and how the workplace fosters an inclusive approach to PPE selection. For more information, please see our OSH Answers Designing an Effective PPE Program. Fact sheet first published: 2023-09-21 Fact sheet last revised: 2023-09-21 ## Disclaimer Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy, currency and completeness of the information, CCOHS does not guarantee, warrant, represent or undertake that the information provided is correct, accurate or current. CCOHS is not liable for any loss, claim, or demand arising directly or indirectly from any use or reliance upon the information. Personal Protective Equipment - Body Typ…

Source excerpt

# How do I "identify potential hazards"? (cont.) ## 1. Eliminate the hazard (cont.) If the hazard cannot be eliminated, contact might be prevented by using enclosures, machine guards, worker booths or similar devices. These are generally engineering controls. ## 3. Revise work procedures Consideration might be given to modifying steps which are hazardous, changing the sequence of steps, or adding additional steps (such as locking out energy sources). Work procedures and training fall under administrative controls. ## 4. Reduce the exposure These measures are the least effective and should only be used if no other solutions are possible. One way of minimizing exposure is to reduce the number of times the hazard is encountered. An example would be modifying machinery so that less maintenance is necessary. The use of appropriate personal protective equipment may be required. To reduce the severity of an incident, emergency facilities, such as eyewash stations, may need to be provided. This preventive measure is also an administrative control. Reducing the exposure may include using personal protective equipment. It is important to note that personal protective equipment can limit exposure to the harmful effects of a hazard, but only if the personal protective equipment is worn and used correctly. In listing the preventive measures, do not use general statements such as "be careful" or "use caution." Specific statements which describe both what action is to be taken and how it is to be performed are preferable. The recommended measures are listed in the right-hand column of the worksheet, numbered to match the hazard in question. For example: Job Safety Analysis CCOHS

Source excerpt

# What are the benefits of doing a job safety analysis? The initial benefits of developing a job safety analysis will become clear in the preparation stage. The analysis process may identify previously undetected hazards and increase the job knowledge of those participating. Safety and health awareness is raised, communication between workers and supervisors is improved, and acceptance of safe work procedures is promoted. A job safety analysis, or a written work procedure based on it, can form the basis for regular contact between supervisors and workers. It can serve as a teaching aid for initial job training and as a briefing guide for infrequent jobs. It may be used as a health and safety inspection or observation standard. In particular, a job safety analysis will assist in completing comprehensive incident investigations. A job safety analysis is a good opportunity to observe a worker actually perform the job. The major advantage of observing the task is that it does not rely on individual memory and that observing or performing the process prompts the recognition of hazards. For infrequently performed or new jobs, observation may not be practical. Another approach is to have a group of experienced workers and supervisors complete the analysis through discussion. An advantage of this method is that more people are involved in a wider base of experience and promoting a more ready acceptance of the resulting work procedure. Members of the health and safety committee should also participate in this process. ## Who should conduct a job safety analysis? A job safety analysis can be conducted by a supervisor, health and safety specialist, or health and safety committee member. Generally, a small team which includes experienced workers and supervisors can analyze a job together through observation and discussion. By collaborating with the workers who are performing the job, there will be an increased acceptance of the resulting procedure and controls. In additio…

Source excerpt

# What are examples of responsibilities of safety coordinators? (cont.) ## How do you establish safe work procedures? (cont.) - New or modified jobs. - Infrequently performed jobs, such as maintenance. Job safety analysis is generally carried out by observing a worker doing the job. Members of the joint health and safety committee should participate in this process. The reason for the exercise must be clearly explained to the worker, emphasizing that the job, not the individual, is being studied. Another approach, useful in the analysis of infrequently-performed or new jobs, is group discussion. A work procedure may consist of more than one specific task. In such cases, each separate task should be analyzed to complete a job safety analysis for that procedure. The final version of the safe work procedure should be presented in a narrative style format that outlines the correct way to do the job in a step-by-step outline. The steps are described in positive terms, pointing out the reasons why they are to be done in this way. Reference may be made to applicable rules and regulations and to the personal protective equipment required, if any. Workers who carry out the tasks should be consulted in developing the procedure. ## Example Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Worksheet Industry: Construction Operation: Road repair Job: Pavement repair <table><tr><th>Task</th><th>Who does it</th><th>Hazards</th><th>How to prevent injury/accident</th></tr><tr><td>Operating jack-hammer</td><td>Joe Doe</td><td>- noise - vibration</td><td>- ear protectors - vibration absorbing gloves</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> ## Applicable Legislation: OH&S Act and Regulations: (refer to the act a…

Source excerpt

# How is a risk assessment done? (cont.) ## Field-level Risk Assessment (cont.) The purpose of a field-level risk assessment is to identify, assess, and manage hazards and risks in real-time or on-site as work progresses, with a focus on ensuring the safety of workers. Field- level risk assessments are often completed in addition to formal risk assessments that have already been done before that specific day. Field-level risk assessments can also supplement safety meetings with teams as you work together through a common task, highlighting hazards and control measures that are currently in place. It can also be a good opportunity to brainstorm additional controls or better ways to complete the task. These risk assessments can help continue the safety conversation and avoid complacency. Similar to other risk assessments, each step of the task should be written down and hazards identified. The risk of each hazard can then be assessed based on the likelihood and severity of harm. Then, the team will determine if the current controls in place are adequate, or if further measures are needed prior to work beginning. An example of a table that may assist with a field- level risk assessment is shown in Table 4. Risk matrices similar to those in Table 2 or Table 3 can also be used to assess the risk for each hazard. Table 4: Field-level risk assessment Job or work activity being assessed: <table><tr><th>Step/task description</th><th>Hazards</th><th>Risk</th><th>Priority</th><th>Current controls</th><th>Recommended controls</th></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> ## What are methods of hazard control? Once you have established the priorities, the organization can decide on ways to control each specific hazard. Hazard control methods are often grouped into the following categories: - Elimination. - Substitution. - Engineering controls. - Administrative controls. …

Source excerpt

# How do I "identify potential hazards"? (cont.) ## 4. Reduce the exposure (cont.) <table><tr><th>Sequence of Events</th><th>Potential Incidents or Hazards</th><th>Preventive Measures</th></tr><tr><td>1. Park vehicle</td><td>a) Vehicle too close to passing traffic b) Vehicle on uneven, soft ground c) Vehicle may roll</td><td>a) Drive to an area clear of traffic. Turn on emergency flashers. b) Choose a firm, level parking area. c) Apply the parking brake; leave the transmission in PARK; place blocks in front and back of the wheel diagonally opposite to the flat.</td></tr><tr><td>2. Remove the spare tire and tool kit</td><td>a) Strain from lifting the spare tire</td><td>a) Turn the spare into an upright position in the wheel well. Using your legs and standing as close as possible, lift the spare out of the trunk and roll it to the flat tire.</td></tr><tr><td>3. Pry off the hub cap and loosen lug bolts (nuts)</td><td>a) Hub cap may pop off and hit you b) Lug wrench may slip</td><td>a) Pry off the hub cap using steady pressure. b) Use a proper lug wrench; apply steady pressure slowly.</td></tr><tr><td>And so on</td><td>a)</td><td>a)</td></tr></table> ## How should I communicate the information to everyone? A job safety analysis is a useful technique for identifying hazards so that workers and supervisors can take measures to eliminate or control hazards. The job safety analysis breaks down the job into steps that can be understood clearly; however, the table format may not always be the best way to communicate the information. Once the analysis is completed, the results must be communicated to all workers who are or will be performing that job. The side-by-side format used in JSA worksheets is not ideal for instructional purposes. Better results can be achieved by using a narrative-style communication format. For example, the work procedure based on the partial job safety analysis developed as an example in this document might start out like this: ## 1. Park vehic…

Source excerpt

CCOHS CCHST Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail Health and Safety Programs # Job Safety Analysis ## On this page <table><tr><th>What is a Job Safety Analysis?</th><th>How do I "identify potential hazards"?</th></tr><tr><td>What are the benefits of doing a job</td><td>How do I "determine preventive</td></tr><tr><td>safety analysis?</td><td>measures?"</td></tr><tr><td>Who should conduct a job safety.</td><td>How should I communicate the</td></tr><tr><td>analysis?</td><td>information to everyone?</td></tr><tr><td>What are the basic steps?</td><td>Appendix A: Sample Form for Job</td></tr><tr><td>What is important to know when</td><td>Safety Analysis Worksheet</td></tr><tr><td>"selecting the job"?</td><td>Appendix B: Sample Forms for Tasks</td></tr><tr><td>How do I break the job into "basic</td><td>and Job Inventory</td></tr><tr><td>steps"?</td><td></td></tr></table> ## What is a Job Safety Analysis? A job safety analysis (JSA) is a process which helps assess a job to identify hazards and necessary control measures. In a job safety analysis, each basic step of the job is broken down into steps to identify potential hazards and to recommend the safest way to do the job. Other terms used to describe this procedure are job hazard analysis (JHA) and job hazard breakdown. Some individuals prefer to expand the analysis into all aspects of the job, not just safety. This approach is known as total job analysis. Methodology is based on the idea that safety is an integral part of every job, not a separate entity. In this document, only health and safety aspects will be considered. The terms "job" and "task" are commonly used interchangeably to mean a specific work assignment, such as "operating a grinder," "using a pressurized water extinguisher," or "changing a flat tire." Generally, a job or task can be further divided into many smaller steps. Job safety analyses are not suitable for jobs defined too bro…