develop a power point to teach construction ladder safety

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# Part four - Supported access (cont.) ## Types of portable ladders: (cont.) • Select a ladder that will extend at least 3 feet above the upper level access area or provide a grab rail so that workers can steady themselves as they get on or off. Make sure that the ladder is stable. If the ladder could be displaced by work activities, secure it. • Face the ladder when you climb and descend it, keeping at least one hand on the ladder. - Stay within the side rails when climbing/descend and working from the ladder. You can reach out, but keep the rest of your body within the rails. • Raise and lower heavy loads to and from upper levels with a hand line or a hoist. • Make sure metal ladders have steps and rungs with skid-resistant surfaces. • Allow only one person on the ladder. Use a scaffold if two or more people need to work together. • Never step or stand on the top or top step of a stepladder. • Never use ladders that have conductive side rails near exposed, energized equipment. 75° | A 4-to-1 slope is about 75 degrees. ## Supported scaffolds A supported scaffold is simply an elevated platform that has a rigid means of support. Most supported scaffolds used for construction work are complex structures and workers must know how to erect them, dismantle them, and work safely from them. Of the many types of supported scaffolds, fabricated- frame scaffolds are the most common. Like portable ladders, they are versatile, economical, and easy to use. You see them on construction sites as single supported platforms and multiple platforms stacked several stories high on modular frames. ## Examples of supported scaffolds: ● Sectional scaffolds - Fabricated-frame scaffolds - Tube-and-coupler scaffolds • Ladder jack scaffolds - Pump jack scaffolds • Mast-climbing scaffolds • Mobile scaffolds • System scaffolds How falls occur. Workers fall from scaffolds when components fail, planks break, handrails are not installed or give way, and scaffold supports …

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# CONSTRUCTION STANDARD (cont.) ## R 408.[redacted postal code] Definitions; S to W. - Rule 1105. (1) "Safety feet" means a safety device that is placed on the foot of the side rails of straight, sectional, or extension ladders to reduce the likelihood that the base will slip. Safety feet may be flat pads that are covered with a nonslip material, pointed metal projections, or spur wheels. (2) "Side-step ladder" means a ladder that requires an employee who is getting off at the top of the ladder to step sideways from the ladder to reach the landing. (3) "Single-cleat ladder" means a ladder that consists of a pair of parallel side rails that are connected with cleats which are joined to the side rails at regular intervals. (4) "Single-rail ladder" means a portable ladder that has rungs, cleats, or steps which are mounted on single rail instead of the normal 2 rails that are used on most other ladders. a (5) "Special-purpose ladder" means a portable ladder that represents either a modification or a combination of design or construction features in 1 or more of the general purpose types of ladders, as defined in R 408.[redacted postal code](5) and (6), R 408.[redacted postal code](5) and (6), and subrules (4) and (6) of this rule, in order to adapt the ladder to special or specific uses. (6) "Stepladder" means a self-supporting portable ladder that is nonadjustable in length and that has flat steps and a hinged back. A stepladder's size is measured along the front edge of the side rails. (7) "Steps" means the flat crosspieces of a ladder on which a person may step to ascend or descend. (8) "Through ladder" means a ladder that requires an employee who is getting off at the top of the ladder to step through the ladder to reach the landing. (9) "Trestle ladder" means a self-supporting portable ladder which is nonadjustable in length and which consists of 2 sections that are hinged at the top to form equal angles with the base. The size of the ladder is designate…

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# Plan Ahead for the Job and Inspect Ladders Before Use First, can the task be done safely from a ladder? If not, use scaffolding or a lift. If using ladders: • Bring the right ladder for the job: self- supporting, straight, or extension ladder. • Check the duty rating label on the ladder. Don't overload. NOTICE AVISO Ladder Size: 6' Duty Rating: Type IA Maximum Load: 300 lbs. Highest standing level: 45 3/8" • Heavy-duty industrial ladders (Type 1 or 1A), can only carry up to 250 or 300 pounds including the worker and their tools. • Check the ladder for loose, cracked or greasy rungs, split side rails, and worn shoes. Make sure the rung locks are in working order. • Tag and remove defective ladders from the job site. • Don't use a ladder in a horizontal position as a scaffold. • Call the electric company for assistance if working near power lines, to prevent electrocution. Fact: It only takes 1 second to hit the ground from a 16-foot fall. Over half of the fatal falls in construction are from heights of less than 25 feet. ## Setting Up Ladders • Clear away debris and obstructions, and block off the area around the bottom of the ladder to prevent it from being bumped into. • Set the ladder on dry, level ground. Use the "heel test" to check firmness of the ground. Stomp your heel down; if it goes into the ground more than 1 inch, a base is needed below the ladder. • If a base is needed, set it on a secure, even surface. Plywood can be used if it is dry, clean and sturdy enough to support the expected load. • Set the base of the ladder at a distance of 1 foot out for every 4 feet high. • When accessing a porch or roof, extend ladder side rails 3 feet above landing. For extra stability, secure the ladder by tying it to the building. • If a ladder must be placed in front of a door, secure the door shut so it cannot open. • Use ladder stabilizers when appropriate. ## Climbing Ladders • Allow only one person on the ladder at a time. Always f…

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CPWR TOOLBOX THE CENTER FOR CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH AND TRAINING TALK Falls: Extension Ladders Each year, construction workers fall from ladders and are injured or die. Most of these falls are from extension ladders and occur when the ladder slips, the supports move, or the worker loses balance. ## Raul's Story Raul was climbing down a 24-foot extensionladder. Suddenly the ladder slipped. He lost his balance and fell 12 feet onto a concrete surface. Raul suffered head injuries and a broken hand. * Have you ever fallen or do you know anyone who has fallen from an extension ladder? If so, what happened? * How could this incident have been prevented? ## Remember This ➤ Whenever possible, use an aerial lift or scaffold to work at heights. ➤ Conduct regular inspections and maintenance on extension ladders. Inspect the rails, rungs, feet, and spreaders or rung locks for defects or damage every time you use it. If you see any damage, tag it "do not use" and request another ladder. ➤ Always check your ladder's duty rating to make sure it will support you and your toolbelt! ➤ Use both hands when climbing up and down a ladder. ## Placement tips ➤ Set your ladder on a solid, stable base and at the correct 4-to-1 angle: for every 4 rungs, place the ladder back 1 foot. As a check, put your feet on the feet of the ladder and extend your arms straight forward; you should just be able to touch a rung of the ladder. ➤ Use the NIOSH Ladder Safety app to check the placement of your ladder (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/falls/mobileapp.html). ➤ Screw a 2' x 4' cleat to the ground behind the ladder's feet to prevent the ladder from slipping backward. ➤ Tie off the top of the ladder, and the bottom if possible, to prevent it from slipping sideways. - Extend the ladder 3 feet above the landing. ## How can we stay safe today? What will we do at the worksite to prevent falls from extension ladders? - 1. - 2. OSHA Regulation: 1926.1053 ©2017, CPWR-The Center for C…

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# Reducing Falls in Construction: Safe Use of Extension Ladders (cont.) ## PLAN Ahead to Get the Job Done Safely. (cont.) - nonconductive side rails if they are used where the worker or the ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment. Keep all ladders and other tools at least 10 feet away from any power lines. • Set the base of the ladder so that the bottom sits securely and so both side rails are evenly supported. The ladder rails should be square to the structure against which it is leaning with both footpads placed securely on a stable and level surface. • Secure the ladder's dogs or pawls before climbing. • When using a ladder in a high-activity area, secure it to prevent movement and use a barrier to redirect workers and equipment. If the ladder is placed in front of a door, always block off the door. Figure 2: Ladder extending three feet above the landing area. ## PROVIDE the Right Extension Ladder for the Job with the Proper Load Capacity. Select a ladder based on the expected load capacity (duty rating), the type of work to be done and the correct height. There are five categories of ladder duty ratings. <table><tr><th>Type</th><th>Duty Rating</th><th>Use</th><th>Load</th></tr><tr><td>IAA*</td><td>Special Duty</td><td>Rugged</td><td>375 lbs.</td></tr><tr><td>IA</td><td>Extra Duty</td><td>Industrial</td><td>300 lbs.</td></tr><tr><td>|</td><td>Heavy Duty</td><td>Industrial</td><td>250 lbs.</td></tr><tr><td>||</td><td>Medium Duty</td><td>Commercial</td><td>225 lbs.</td></tr><tr><td>III</td><td>Light Duty</td><td>Household</td><td>200 lbs.</td></tr></table> Source for Types IA, I, II, III: Subpart X-Stairways and Ladders, Appendix A (American National Standards Institute (ANSI)) 14.1, 14.2, 14.5 (1982)) of OSHA's Construction standards. Source for Type IAA: ANSI 14.1, 14.2, 14.5 (2009), which are non-mandatory guidelines. ## TRAIN Workers to Use Extension Ladders Safely. Employers must train each worker to recognize and minimize la…

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# EXTENSION LADDER SAFETY Date Posted: 05/15/2024 Although one of the most common tools used on a construction site, extension ladders can lead to severe injuries or even fatal incidents if improperly used. Ladders are involved in 20 percent of fall injuries among workers and 81 percent of construction worker fall injuries. The latest U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data shows that ladders were the primary source of 161 fatal work injuries in 2020 nationally. Additionally, a ladder was the primary source of 22,710 injuries that year. The BLS also says "construction and extraction" had the second-most nonfatal injuries in 2020, with 5,370. Only "installation, maintenance and repair" (5,790) had more nonfatal injuries associated with ladder use or misuse. ## WHAT IS AN EXTENSION LADDER WAC [redacted identifier] defines an extension ladder as "A non-self-supporting portable ladder which is adjustable in length." Also known as "portable ladders," extension ladders usually have two sections that operate in brackets or guides, allowing for adjustable lengths. Because extension ladders are not self-supporting, they require a stable structure that can withstand the intended load. ## PROPER EXTENSION LADDER SET-UP Setting the ladder at the correct angle is one of the most critical steps to a safe setup. Start by leaning the ladder at a 4:1 ratio. This means that the base needs to be one foot away for every four feet of height between the base and where the ladder contacts the structure you're leaning against. Too steep, and it could tip over backward. Too much angle and it could bend, or the bottom could slide out. ## EXTENSION LADDER DUTY RATINGS Even though they may all look the same, each ladder has a different load limit. WAC [redacted identifier] defines a ladder's maximum intended load as "the total load of all persons, equipment, tools, materials, transmitted loads, and other loads reasonably anticipated to be applied to a ladder or ladder component at…

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Falls: CPWR TOOLBOX THE CENTER FOR CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH AND TRAINING TALK Extension Ladders Each year, about 50 construction workers are killed by falls from ladders. The main cause is falling from an extension ladder. The falls are frequently caused by either the slippage or movement of the supports or by workers losing their balance. ## Here is an Example Raul was descending a 24-foot extension ladder from an overhead area when the ladder slipped causing a fall of approximately 12 feet to the concrete surface. Raul suffered head injuries, broke his hand, and was taken to a hospital. 1. Do you use extension ladders? 2. Have you ever fallen or do you know anyone who has fallen from an extension ladder? If so, what happened? 3. Do you know that NIOSH has a free smart phone app for checking that a ladder is at the right angle? ## Prevent Falls from Extension Ladders • Use a ladder in the manner that it is supposed to be used. • Set your ladder at the correct 4 to 1 angle. For every four rungs, place the ladder back a foot. As a check, with your feet on the feet of the ladder and your arms extended straight forward, you should just be touching a rung of the ladder. • Screw a 2x4 cleat to the ground behind the ladder's feet to prevent the ladder from slipping backward. • Tie off the top of the ladder to prevent it from slipping sideways. • Extend the ladder three feet above the landing. ## What Are We Going to Do Today? What will we do here at the worksite today to prevent falls from extension ladders? - 1. - 2. - 3. OSHA REGULATIONS: 1926.1053 ©2013, CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training. All rights reserved. CPWR is the research, training, and service arm of the Building and Construction Trades Dept., AFL-CIO, and works to reduce or eliminate safety and health hazards construction workers face on the job. Production of this card was supported by Grant OH009762 from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)…