Dust
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Published by SALUSDust Exposure Control and Mitigation Procedures ===============================================
This document outlines critical safety procedures for controlling and mitigating dust exposure hazards in the workplace. It includes information on permissible exposure limits (PELs), required respiratory protection, and engineering controls for dust suppression to ensure a safe and healthy working environment.
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of respirable crystalline silica in excess of 50 µg/m³, calculated as an 8-hour Time-Weighted Average (TWA). [2]
Exposure Assessment
General:
The employer shall assess the exposure of each employee who is or may reasonably be expected to be exposed to respirable crystalline silica at or above the action level. This assessment can be performed using either the performance option or the scheduled monitoring option. [2]
Performance Option:
The employer shall assess the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee based on a combination of air monitoring data or objective data sufficient to accurately characterize employee exposures to respirable crystalline silica. [2]
Scheduled Monitoring Option:
The employer shall perform initial monitoring to assess the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee. This assessment should be based on one or more personal breathing zone air samples that reflect the exposures of employees on each shift, for each job classification, in each work area. Representative sampling can be used where several employees perform the same tasks on the same shift and in the same work area; in such cases, the employer may sample a representative fraction of these employees, focusing on those expected to have the highest exposure to respirable crystalline silica. [2] [3]
If initial monitoring indicates that employee exposures are below the action level, the employer may discontinue monitoring for those employees. If exposures are at or above the action level but at or below the PEL, monitoring must be repeated within six months. If exposures are above the PEL, monitoring must be repeated within three months. If subsequent monitoring shows exposures below the action level, monitoring must be repeated within six months until two consecutive measurements, taken seven or more days apart, are below the action level. [3] [3] [3] [3]
Exposure reassessment is required whenever changes in production, processes, control equipment, personnel, or work practices may reasonably be expected to result in new or additional exposures at or above the action level, or when there is any reason to believe that such exposures have occurred. [3]
Respiratory Protection
Where feasible engineering controls and work practices are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PELs, the employer shall use them to reduce employee exposure to the lowest levels achievable by these controls and shall supplement them by the use of respiratory protective devices. [1]
For workers engaged in spray application methods, respiratory protection must be used in addition to feasible engineering controls and work practices to reduce employee exposure to or below the PELs. [1]
Respirators used for abrasive-blasting operations must be approved by NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84\. Abrasive-blasting respirators shall be worn by all abrasive-blasting operators when working inside blast-cleaning rooms, when using silica sand in manual blasting operations where the nozzle and blast are not physically separated from the operator in an exhaust ventilated enclosure, or where concentrations of toxic dust dispersed by the abrasive blasting may exceed the limits set in 1926\.55 or other pertinent sections of this part and the nozzle and blast are not physically separated from the operator in an exhaust-ventilated enclosure. [11] [11]
Properly fitted particulate-filter respirators, commonly referred to as dust-filter respirators, may be used for short, intermittent, or occasional dust exposures such as cleanup, dumping of dust collectors, or unloading shipments of sand at a receiving point when it is not feasible to control the dust by enclosure, exhaust ventilation, or other means. The respirators used must be approved by NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84 for protection against the specific type of dust encountered. [11]
A respiratory protection program as defined and described in 1926\.103, shall be established wherever it is necessary to use respiratory protective equipment. [11]
Engineering Controls for Dust Suppression
To control and mitigate dust exposure, employers should implement one or any combination of the following engineering controls:
Local Exhaust Ventilation:
Use local exhaust ventilation equipped with HEPA filter dust collection systems to capture dust at its source. [1]
General Ventilation:
Implement general ventilation systems to dilute and remove airborne dust. [1]
Wet Methods:
Apply water at flow rates sufficient to minimize the release of visible dust when performing tasks using wet methods. [2]
Enclosed Cabs and Booths:
For measures implemented that include an enclosed cab or booth, ensure that the enclosed cab or booth:
Is maintained as free as practicable from settled dust. [2]
Has door seals and closing mechanisms that work properly. [2] [14]
Has gaskets and seals that are in good condition and working properly. [2] [10]
Is under positive pressure maintained through continuous delivery of fresh air. [2] [10]
Has intake air that is filtered through a filter that is 95% efficient in the 0\.3-10\.0 µm range (e.g., MERV-16 or better). [2] [10]
Has heating and cooling capabilities. [2] [10]
Other Engineering Controls:
Implement other engineering controls such as isolation and enclosure that are feasible. [1]
Work Practices
Utilize appropriate work practices to minimize dust exposure. [1]
Prohibitions
Compressed air shall not be used to remove dust, unless the compressed air is used in conjunction with an enclosed ventilation system designed to capture the dust cloud created by the compressed air. [1]
Employee Rotation
The employer shall not use employee rotation as a means of compliance. [1]
Equipment-Specific Controls
Walk-Behind Milling Machines and Floor Grinders:
Use machines equipped with an integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the cutting surface, and operate and maintain the tool in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions. Alternatively, use a machine equipped with a dust collection system recommended by the manufacturer, ensuring the dust collector provides the air flow recommended by the manufacturer or greater, and has a filter with 99% or greater efficiency and a filter-cleaning mechanism. When used indoors or in an enclosed area, use a HEPA-filtered vacuum to remove loose dust in between passes. [6] [6] [6] [6] [6]
Small Drivable Milling Machines (less than half-lane):
Use a machine equipped with supplemental water sprays designed to suppress dust. Water must be combined with a surfactant, and the machine should be operated and maintained to minimize dust emissions. [6] [6]
Large Drivable Milling Machines (half-lane and larger):
For cuts of any depth on asphalt only, use a machine equipped with exhaust ventilation on the drum enclosure and supplemental water sprays designed to suppress dust. Operate and maintain the machine to minimize dust emissions. For cuts of four inches in depth or less on any substrate, use a machine equipped with exhaust ventilation on the drum enclosure and supplemental water sprays designed to suppress dust, and operate and maintain the machine to minimize dust emissions. Alternatively, use a machine equipped with supplemental water spray designed to suppress dust, ensuring water is combined with a surfactant, and operate and maintain the machine to minimize dust emissions. [9] [9] [9] [9]
Crushing Machines:
Use equipment designed to deliver water spray or mist for dust suppression at the crusher and other points where dust is generated (e.g., hoppers, conveyors, sieves/sizing or vibrating components, and discharge points). Operate and maintain the machine in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions. Use a ventilated booth that provides fresh, climate-controlled air to the operator, or a remote control station. [8] [8] [8]
Heavy Equipment and Utility Vehicles:
For heavy equipment and utility vehicles used to abrade or fracture silica-containing materials (e.g., hoe-ramming, rock ripping) or used during demolition activities involving silica-containing materials, operate the equipment from within an enclosed cab. When employees outside of the cab are engaged in the task, apply water and/or dust suppressants as necessary to minimize dust emissions. For tasks such as grading and excavating (but not including demolishing, abrading, or fracturing silica-containing materials), apply water and/or dust suppressants as necessary to minimize dust emissions. Alternatively, when the equipment operator is the only employee engaged in the task, operate the equipment from within an enclosed cab. [8] [8] [8] [8]
Abrasive Blasting
Substitution of Abrasive Blasting Materials:
Abrasive blasting materials containing crystalline silica shall be replaced with less toxic materials, where practicable. [12]
Cleanup Procedures:
Used abrasive blasting materials which contain a hazardous substance shall be removed from the work area using effective procedures designed to minimize the generation of airborne dust and wearing suitable personal protective equipment. Removal shall take place by the end of each shift unless a risk assessment establishes that the risks from removal exceed the risks from leaving the materials in place, a worker will not be exposed to the materials before removal occurs, or the materials cannot be separated from the environment in which the abrasive blasting takes place. Where removal is delayed, an employer shall assess the risks arising from delay and develop written safe work procedures. [12] [12] [12]
Ventilation
Wherever dry grinding, dry polishing or buffing is performed, and employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, exceeds the permissible exposure limits, a local exhaust ventilation system shall be provided and used to maintain employee exposures within the prescribed limits. [7]
Hoods connected to exhaust systems shall be used, and such hoods shall be designed, located, and placed so that the dust or dirt particles shall fall or be projected into the hoods in the direction of the air flow. No wheels, discs, straps, or belts shall be operated in such manner and in such direction as to cause the dust and dirt particles to be thrown into the operator's breathing zone. [7]
Dust shall not be permitted to accumulate on the floor or on ledges outside of an abrasive-blasting enclosure, and dust spills shall be cleaned up promptly. Aisles and walkways shall be kept clear of steel shot or similar abrasive that may create a slipping hazard. [4]
Exhaust Ventilation System
An exhaust ventilation system is a system for removing contaminated air from a space that is comprised of two or more of the following elements:
An enclosure or hood. [5]
Duct work. [5]
Dust-collecting equipment. [5]
Exhauster. [5]
Discharge stack. [5]
General Ventilation Standards
Whenever hazardous substances such as dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases exist or are produced in the course of construction work, their concentrations shall not exceed the limits specified in 1926\.55(a). When ventilation is used as an engineering control method, the system shall be installed and operated according to the requirements of this section. [13]
Local exhaust ventilation when used shall be designed to prevent dispersion into the air of dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases in concentrations causing harmful exposure. Such exhaust systems shall be so designed that dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases are not drawn through the work area of employees. [13]
Exhaust fans, jets, ducts, hoods, separators, and all necessary appurtenances, including refuse receptacles, shall be so designed, constructed, maintained and operated as to ensure the required protection by maintaining a volume and velocity of exhaust air sufficient to gather dusts, fumes, vapors, or gases from said equipment or process, and to convey them to suitable points of safe disposal, thereby preventing their dispersion in harmful quantities into the atmosphere where employees work. [13]
The exhaust system shall be in operation continually during all operations which it is designed to serve. If the employee remains in the contaminated zone, the system shall continue to operate after the cessation of said operations, the length of time to depend upon the individual circumstances and effectiveness of the general ventilation system. [13]
The air outlet from every dust separator, and the dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases collected by an exhaust or ventilating system shall discharge to the outside atmosphere. Collecting systems which return air to work area may be used if concentrations which accumulate in the work area air do not result in harmful exposure to employees. Dust and refuse discharged from an exhaust system shall be disposed of in such a manner that it will not result in harmful exposure to employees. [13]
Operational Procedures and General Safety
With respect to operational procedures and general safety, dust shall not be permitted to accumulate on the floor or on ledges outside of an abrasive-blasting enclosure, and dust spills shall be cleaned up promptly. Aisles and walkways shall be kept clear of steel shot or similar abrasive that may create a slipping hazard. [5]
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Sources used for this answer
[1] Safety and Health Regulations for Construction (OSHA 29 CFR 1926) - 1926.60 - Methylenedianiline
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# Regulated areas- (cont.) 1926.60(h)(1)(i) The employer shall use one or any combination of the following control methods to achieve compliance with the permissible exposure limits prescribed by paragraph (c) of this section: 1926.60(h)(1)(i)(A) Local exhaust ventilation equipped with HEPA filter dust collection systems; - 1926.60(h)(1)(i)(B) - General ventilation systems; 1926.60(h)(1)(i)(C) Use of workpractices; or 1926.60(h)(1)(i)(D) Other engineering controls such as isolation and enclosure that the Assistant Secretary can show to be feasible. - 1926.60(h)(1)(ii) Wherever the feasible engineering controls and work practices "which can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PELs, the employer shall use them to reduce employee exposure to the lowest levels achievable by these controls and shall supplement them by the use of respiratory protective devices which comply with the requirements of paragraph (i) of this section. - 1926.60(h)(2) Special Provisions. For workers engaged in spray application methods, respiratory protection must be used in addition to feasible engineering controls and work practices to reduce employee exposure to or below the PELs. - 1926.60(h)(3) Prohibitions. Compressed air shall not be used to remove MDA, unless the compressed air is used in conjunction with an enclosed ventilation system designed to capture the dust cloud created by the compressed air. 1926.60(h)(4) Employee rotation. The employer shall not use employee rotation as a means of compliance Submit Feedback
[2] Construction Safety Orders (CAL/OSHA)
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## § 1532.3. Occupational Exposures to Respirable Crystalline Silica. (cont.) (2) When implementing the control measures specified in Table 1, each employer shall: (A) For tasks performed indoors or in enclosed areas, provide a means of exhaust as needed to minimize the accumulation of visible airborne dust; (B) For tasks performed using wet methods, apply water at flow rates sufficient to minimize release of visible dust; (C) For measures implemented that include an enclosed cab or booth, ensure that the enclosed cab or booth: 1. Is maintained as free as practicable from settled dust; 2. Has door seals and closing mechanisms that work properly; 3. Has gaskets and seals that are in good condition and working properly; 4. Is under positive pressure maintained through continuous delivery of fresh air; 5. Has intake air that is filtered through a filter that is 95% efficient in the 0.3-10.0 µm range (e.g., MERV-16 or better); and 6. Has heating and cooling capabilities. (3) Where an employee performs more than one task on Table 1 during the course of a shift, and the total duration of all tasks combined is more than four hours, the required respiratory protection for each task is the respiratory protection specified for more than four hours per shift. If the total duration of all tasks on Table 1 combined is less than four hours, the required respiratory protection for each task is the respiratory protection specified for less than four hours per shift. (d) Alternative exposure control methods. For tasks not listed in Table 1, or where the employer does not fully and properly implement the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection described in Table 1: (1) Permissible exposure limit (PEL). The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of respirable crystalline silica in excess of 50 µg/m 3 calculated as an 8-hour TWA. (2) Exposure assessment. (A) General. The employer shall assess the…
[3] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (General Occupational Safety and Health, Division 2, OSHA Oregon)
Page 3632
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# [redacted phone] Specified exposure control methods (cont.) Silica Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division <table><tr><th rowspan="2">Equipment / Task</th><th rowspan="2">Engineering and Work Practice Control Methods</th><th colspan="2">Required Respiratory Protection and Minimum Assigned Protection Factor (APF)</th></tr><tr><td><4 hours /shift</td><td>> 4 hours /shift</td></tr><tr><td>Crushing machines</td><td>Use equipment designed to deliver water spray or mist for dust suppression at crusher and other points where dust is generated (e.g., hoppers, conveyers, sieves/sizing or vibrating components, and discharge points). Operate and maintain machine in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions. Use a ventilated booth that provides fresh, climate-controlled air to the operator, or a remote control station.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Heavy equipment and utility vehicles used to abrade or fracture silica- containing materials (e.g., hoe-ramming, rock ripping) or used during demolition activities involving silica- containing materials</td><td>Operate equipment from within an enclosed cab.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr><tr><td>When employees outside of the cab are engaged in the task, apply water and/or dust suppressants as necessary to minimize dust emissions.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Heavy equipment and utility vehicles for tasks such as grading and excavating but not including: demolishing, abrading, or fracturing silica-containing materials</td><td>Apply water and/or dust suppressants as necessary to minimize dust emissions.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr><tr><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>When the equipment operator is the only employee engaged in the task, operate equipment from within an enclosed cab.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr></table> Oregon Administrative Rules AO 3-2019 Z Division 2 Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.72…
[4] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
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# 1926.57 VENTILATION (cont.) ## 1926.57(g) "Grinding, polishing, and buffing operations". (cont.) 1926.57(g)(1)(xi) "Horizontal double-spindle disc grinder." A grinding machine carrying two power-driven, rotatable, coaxial, horizontal spindles upon the inside ends of which are mounted abrasive disc wheels used for grinding two surfaces simultaneously. 1926.57(g)(1)(xii) Horizontal single-spindle disc grinder. A grinding machine carrying an abrasive disc wheel upon one or both ends of a power-driven, rotatable single horizontal spindle. 1926.57(g)(1)(xiii) "Polishing and buffing wheels." All power-driven rotatable wheels composed all or in part of textile fabrics, wood, felt, leather, paper, and may be coated with abrasives on the periphery of the wheel for purposes of polishing, buffing, and light grinding. 1926.57(g)(1)(xiv) "Portable grinder." Any power-driven rotatable grinding, polishing, or buffing wheel mounted in such manner that it may be manually manipulated. 1926.57(g)(1)(xv) "Scratch brush wheels." All power-driven rotatable wheels made from wire or bristles, and used for scratch cleaning and brushing purposes. 1926.57(g)(1)(xvi) "Swing-frame grinder." Any power-driven rotatable grinding, polishing, or buffing wheel mounted in such a manner that the wheel with its supporting framework can be manipulated over stationary objects. 1926.57(g)(1)(xvii) "Velocity pressure (vp)." The kinetic pressure in the direction of flow necessary to cause a fluid at rest to flow at a given velocity. It is usually expressed in inches of water gauge. 1926.57(g)(1)(xviii) "Vertical spindle disc grinder." A grinding machine having a vertical, rotatable power-driven spindle carrying a horizontal abrasive disc wheel. 1926.57(g)(2) "Application." Wherever dry grinding, dry polishing or buffing is performed, and employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, exceeds the permissible exposure limits prescribed in 1926.55 or other pertinent sections of this part, a lo…
[5] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (General Occupational Safety and Health, Division 2, OSHA Oregon)
Page 3631
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# [redacted phone] Specified exposure control methods (cont.) Z Division 2 AO 3-2019 Oregon Administrative Rules Silica Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division <table><tr><th rowspan="2">Equipment / Task</th><th rowspan="2">Engineering and Work Practice Control Methods</th><th colspan="2">Required Respiratory Protection and Minimum Assigned Protection Factor (APF)</th></tr><tr><td>≤4 hours /shift</td><td>> 4 hours /shift</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Large drivable milling machines (half-lane and larger)</td><td>For cuts of any depth on asphalt only: Use machine equipped with exhaust ventilation on drum enclosure and supplemental water sprays designed to suppress dust. Operate and maintain machine to minimize dust emissions.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr><tr><td>For cuts of four inches in depth or less on any substrate: Use machine equipped with exhaust ventilation on drum enclosure and supplemental water sprays designed to suppress dust. Operate and maintain machine to minimize dust emissions.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr><tr><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Use a machine equipped with supplemental water spray designed to suppress dust. Water must be combined with a surfactant. Operate and maintain machine to minimize dust emissions.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr></table> [redacted phone] Table 1 Z- 14 [redacted phone] Table 1
[6] Safety and Health Regulations for Construction (OSHA 29 CFR 1926) - 1926.1153 - Respirable crystalline silica
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# Occupational Safety and Health Administration (cont.) ## 1926.1153(a) (cont.) <table><tr><th rowspan="2">Equipment/task</th><th rowspan="2">Engineering and work practice control methods</th><th colspan="2">Required respiratory protection and minimum assigned protection factor (APF)</th></tr><tr><td>≤4 hours/shift</td><td>>4 hours/shift</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">(xviii) Heavy equipment and utility vehicles for tasks such as grading and excavating but not including: Demolishing, abrading, or fracturing silica- containing materials</td><td>Apply water and/or dust suppressants as necessary to minimize dust emissions</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr><tr><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>When the equipment operator is the only employee engaged in the task, operate equipment from within an enclosed cab</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr></table> - 1926.1153(c)(2) When implementing the control measures specified in Table 1, each employer shall: 1926.1153(c)(2)(i) For tasks performed indoors or in enclosed areas, provide a means of exhaust as needed to minimize the accumulation of visible airborne dust; - 1926.1153(c)(2)(ii) For tasks performed using wet methods, apply water at flow rates sufficient to minimize release of visible dust; - 1926.1153(c)(2)(iii) For measures implemented that include an enclosed cab or booth, ensure that the enclosed cab or booth: 1926.1153(c)(2)(iii)(A) Is maintained as free as practicable from settled dust; - 1926.1153(c)(2)(ii)(B) - Has door seals and closing mechanisms that work properly; Submit Feedback
[7] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
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# 1926.57 VENTILATION (cont.) ## 1926.57(f) "Abrasive blasting". (cont.) 1926.57(f)(5)(i) Employers must use only respirators approved by NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84 for protecting employees from dusts produced during abrasive-blasting operations. 1926.57(f)(5)(ii) Abrasive-blasting respirators shall be worn by all abrasive-blasting operators: 1926.57(f)(5)(ii)(A) When working inside of blast-cleaning rooms, or 1926.57(f)(5)(ii)(B) When using silica sand in manual blasting operations where the nozzle and blast are not physically separated from the operator in an exhaust ventilated enclosure, or 1926.57(f)(5)(ii)(C) Where concentrations of toxic dust dispersed by the abrasive blasting may exceed the limits set in 1926.55 or other pertinent sections of this part and the nozzle and blast are not physically separated from the operator in an exhaust-ventilated enclosure. 1926.57(f)(5)(iii) Properly fitted particulate-filter respirators, commonly referred to as dust-filter respirators, may be used for short, intermittent, or occasional dust exposures such as cleanup, dumping of dust collectors, or unloading shipments of sand at a receiving point when it is not feasible to control the dust by enclosure, exhaust ventilation, or other means. The respirators used must be approved by NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84 for protection against the specific type of dust encountered. 1926.57(f)(5)(iv) A respiratory protection program as defined and described in 1926.103, shall be established wherever it is necessary to use respiratory protective equipment. 1926.57(f)(5)(v) Operators shall be equipped with heavy canvas or leather gloves and aprons or equivalent protection to protect them from the impact of abrasives. Safety shoes shall be worn to protect against foot injury where heavy pieces of work are handled. 1926.57(f)(5)(v)(A) Safety shoes shall conform to the requirements of American National Standard for Men's Safety-Toe Footwear, Z41.1-1967. 1926.57(f)(5)(v)(B) Equipment for prote…
[8] Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012 (N.L. Reg. 5/12)
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# Back to Top (cont.) ## Work procedures outside a cabinet (cont.) 5/12 s120 # Back to Top ## Substitution of abrasive blasting materials 121. Abrasive blasting materials containing crystalline silica shall be replaced with less toxic materials, where practicable. 5/12 s121 Back to Top ## Cleanup 122. (1) Used abrasive blasting materials which contain a hazardous substance shall be removed from the work area using effective procedures designed to minimize the generation of airborne dust and wearing suitable personal protective equipment. (2) Removal under subsection (1) shall take place by the end of each shift except where (a) a risk assessment establishes that the risks from removal exceed the risks from leaving the materials in place; (b) a worker will not be exposed to the materials before removal occurs; or (c) the materials cannot be separated from the environment in which the abrasive blasting takes place. (3) Where removal is delayed under subsection (2), an employer shall assess the risks arising from delay and develop written safe work procedures. 5/12 s122 ## Back to Top ## Engineering controls 123. Engineering controls, including an enclosure or local exhaust ventilation with dust collection, shall be used to maintain airborne contaminant levels below exposure limits, where practicable. 5/12 s123 ## Back to Top ## Exhaust ventilation 124. (1) Where abrasive blasting or a similar operation is conducted within a structure, the process shall be isolated in a separate, properly ventilated enclosure or cabinet to minimize worker exposure to air contaminants generated by the process. (2) Where abrasive blasting or a similar operation is conducted inside an enclosure or cabinet, the enclosure or cabinet shall have exhaust ventilation that (a) maintains air pressure below the air pressure outside the enclosure or cabinet, to prevent the escape of air contaminants from the enclosure or cabinet to other work areas; and (b) minimizes …
[9] Safety and Health Regulations for Construction (OSHA 29 CFR 1926) - 1926.1153 - Respirable crystalline silica
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# Occupational Safety and Health Administration (cont.) ## 1926.1153(a) (cont.) - 1926.1153(c)(2)(ii)(C) Has gaskets and seals that are in good condition and working properly; 1926.1153(c)(2)(ii)(D) Is under positive pressure maintained through continuous delivery of fresh air; 1926.1153(c)(2)(iii)(E) Has intake air that is filtered through a filter that is 95% efficient in the 0.3-10.0 µm range (e.g., MERV-16 or better); and ## 1926.1153(c)(2)(iii)(F) Has heating and cooling capabilities. - 1926.1153(c)(3) Where an employee performs more than one task on Table 1 during the course of a shift, and the total duration of all tasks combined is more than four hours, the required respiratory protection for each task is the respiratory protection specified for more than four hours per shift. If the total duration of all tasks on Table 1 combined is less than four hours, the required respiratory protection for each task is the respiratory protection specified for less than four hours per shift. ## 1926.1153(d) Alternative exposure control methods. For tasks not listed in Table 1, or where the employer does not fully and properly implement the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection described in Table 1: ## 1926.1153(d)(1) Permissible exposure limit (PEL). The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of respirable crystalline silica in excess of 50 µg/m³, calculated as an 8- hour TWA. ## 1926.1153(d)(2) Exposure assessment- 1926.1153(d)(2)(i) General. The employer shall assess the exposure of each employee who is or may reasonably be expected to be exposed to respirable crystalline silica at or above the action level in accordance Submit Feedback
[10] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
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# 1926.57 VENTILATION - 1926.57(a) "General." Whenever hazardous substances such as dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases exist or are produced in the course of construction work, their concentrations shall not exceed the limits specified in 1926.55(a). When ventilation is used as an engineering control method, the system shall be installed and operated according to the requirements of this section. ## 1926.57(b) "Local exhaust ventilation." Local exhaust ventilation when used as described in (a) shall be designed to prevent dispersion into the air of dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases in concentrations causing harmful exposure. Such exhaust systems shall be so designed that dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases are not drawn through the work area of employees. ## 1926.57(c) "Design and operation." Exhaust fans, jets, ducts, hoods, separators, and all necessary appurtenances, including refuse receptacles, shall be so designed, constructed, maintained and operated as to ensure the required protection by maintaining a volume and velocity of exhaust air sufficient to gather dusts, fumes, vapors, or gases from said equipment or process, and to convey them to suitable points of safe disposal, thereby preventing their dispersion in harmful quantities into the atmosphere where employees work. ## 1926.57(d) "Duration of operations." 1926.57(d)(1) The exhaust system shall be in operation continually during all operations which it is designed to serve. If the employee remains in the contaminated zone, the system shall continue to operate after the cessation of said operations, the length of time to depend upon the individual circumstances and effectiveness of the general ventilation system. - 1926.57(d)(2) Since dust capable of causing disability is, according to the best medical opinion, of microscopic size, tending to remain for hours in suspension in still air, it is essential that the exhaust system be continued in operation for a time after the work process o…
[11] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
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# GENERAL INDUSTRY AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARD (cont.) ## R 325.[redacted postal code] Adoption of standards. (cont.) (c) Occupational Health Standard Part 451 "Respiratory Protection," R 325.[redacted postal code] to R 325.[redacted postal code]. (5) Appendix A is informational only and is not intended to create any additional obligations or requirements not otherwise imposed or to detract from any established obligations or requirements. ## R 325.[redacted postal code] Definitions. Rule 3. (1) "Abrasive" means a solid substance used in an abrasive-blasting operation. a (2) "Abrasive-blasting respirator" means respirator constructed so that it covers the wearer's head, neck, and shoulders to protect the wearer from rebounding abrasive. (3) "Blast-cleaning barrel" means a complete enclosure that rotates on an axis, or that has an internal moving tread to tumble the parts, in order to expose various surfaces of the parts to the action of an automatic blast spray. (4) "Blast-cleaning room" means a complete enclosure in which blasting operations are performed and where the operator works inside of the room to operate the blasting nozzle and direct the flow of the abrasive material. (5) "Blasting cabinet" means an enclosure where the operator stands outside and operates the blasting nozzle through an opening or openings in the enclosure. (6) "Clean air" means air that will not cause harm or discomfort to an individual if it is inhaled for extended periods of time. (7) "Dust collectors" means a device or combination of devices for separating dust from the air handled by an exhaust ventilation system. (8) "Exhaust ventilation system" means a system for removing contaminated air from a space that is comprised of 2 or more of the following elements: (a) An enclosure or hood. (b) Duct work. (c) Dust-collecting equipment. (d) Exhauster. (e) Discharge stack. (9) "Particulate-filter respirator" means an air- purifying respirator, commonly referred to as a …
[12] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
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# Table 1 Specified Exposure Control Methods When Working With Materials Containing Crystalline Silica (cont.) 926.1153(c)(2) When implementing the control measures specified in Table 1, each employer shall: 926.1153(c)(2)(i) For tasks performed indoors or in enclosed areas, provide a means of exhaust as needed to minimize the accumulation of visible airborne dust; 26.1153(c)(2)(ii) For tasks performed using wet methods, apply water at flow rates sufficient to minimize release of visible dust; 6.1153(c)(2)(iii) For measures implemented that include an enclosed cab or booth, ensure that the enclosed cab or booth: 1926.1153(c)(2)(iii)(A) Is maintained as free as practicable from settled dust; 1926.1153(c)(2)(iii)(B) Has door seals and closing mechanisms that work properly; 1926.1153(c)(2)(iii)(C) Has gaskets and seals that are in good condition and working properly; 1926.1153(c)(2)(iii)(D) Is under positive pressure maintained through continuous delivery of fresh air; 1926.1153(c)(2)(iii)(E) Has intake air that is filtered through a filter that is 95% efficient in the 0.3-10.0 um range (e.g., MERV-16 or better); and 1926. 1153(c)(2)(iii)(F) Has heating and cooling capabilities. - 1926.1153(c)(3) Where an employee performs more than one task on Table 1 during the course of a shift, and the total duration of all tasks combined is more than four hours, the required respiratory protection for each task is the respiratory protection specified for more than four hours per shift. If the total duration of all tasks on Table 1 combined is less than four hours, the required respiratory protection for each task is the respiratory protection specified for less than four hours per shift. ## 1926.1153(d) ALTERNATIVE EXPOSURE CONTROL METHODS For tasks not listed in Table 1, or where the employer does not fully and properly implement the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection described in Table 1: 1926. 1153(d)(1) Permissible exposure limit (PEL) The…
[13] General Industry Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# GENERAL INDUSTRY AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARD (cont.) ## R 325.[redacted postal code] Adoption of standards. (cont.) (c) Occupational Health Standard Part 451 "Respiratory Protection," R 325.[redacted postal code] to R 325.[redacted postal code]. (5) Appendix A is informational only and is not intended to create any additional obligations or requirements not otherwise imposed or to detract from any established obligations or requirements. ## R 325.[redacted postal code] Definitions. Rule 3. (1) "Abrasive" means a solid substance used in an abrasive-blasting operation. a (2) "Abrasive-blasting respirator" means respirator constructed so that it covers the wearer's head, neck, and shoulders to protect the wearer from rebounding abrasive. (3) "Blast-cleaning barrel" means a complete enclosure that rotates on an axis, or that has an internal moving tread to tumble the parts, in order to expose various surfaces of the parts to the action of an automatic blast spray. (4) "Blast-cleaning room" means a complete enclosure in which blasting operations are performed and where the operator works inside of the room to operate the blasting nozzle and direct the flow of the abrasive material. (5) "Blasting cabinet" means an enclosure where the operator stands outside and operates the blasting nozzle through an opening or openings in the enclosure. (6) "Clean air" means air that will not cause harm or discomfort to an individual if it is inhaled for extended periods of time. (7) "Dust collectors" means a device or combination of devices for separating dust from the air handled by an exhaust ventilation system. (8) "Exhaust ventilation system" means a system for removing contaminated air from a space that is comprised of 2 or more of the following elements: (a) An enclosure or hood. (b) Duct work. (c) Dust-collecting equipment. (d) Exhauster. (e) Discharge stack. (9) "Particulate-filter respirator" means an air- purifying respirator, commonly referred to as a …
[14] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (General Occupational Safety and Health, Division 2, OSHA Oregon)
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Open source documentSource excerpt
# [redacted phone] Specified exposure control methods (cont.) Silica Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules AO 3-2019 <table><tr><th rowspan="2">Equipment / Task</th><th rowspan="2">Engineering and Work Practice Control Methods</th><th colspan="2">Required Respiratory Protection and Minimum Assigned Protection Factor (APF)</th></tr><tr><td>≤ 4 hours /shift</td><td>> 4 hours /shift</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Walk-behind milling machines and floor grinders</td><td>Use machine equipped with integrated water delivery system that continuously feeds water to the cutting surface. Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr><tr><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Use machine equipped with dust collection system recommended by the manufacturer. Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions. Dust collector must provide the air flow recommended by the manufacturer, or greater, and have a filter with 99% or greater efficiency and a filter-cleaning mechanism. When used indoors or in an enclosed area, use a HEPA-filtered vacuum to remove loose dust in between passes.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr><tr><td>Small drivable milling machines (less than half- lane)</td><td>Use a machine equipped with supplemental water sprays designed to suppress dust. Water must be combined with a surfactant. Operate and maintain machine to minimize dust emissions.</td><td>None</td><td>None</td></tr></table> Z Division 2 [redacted phone] Table 1 Z - 13 [redacted phone] Table 1
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