Filling out a JSA thoroughly

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CCOHS CCHST Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail Health and Safety Programs # Job Safety Analysis ## On this page <table><tr><th>What is a Job Safety Analysis?</th><th>How do I "identify potential hazards"?</th></tr><tr><td>What are the benefits of doing a job</td><td>How do I "determine preventive</td></tr><tr><td>safety analysis?</td><td>measures?"</td></tr><tr><td>Who should conduct a job safety.</td><td>How should I communicate the</td></tr><tr><td>analysis?</td><td>information to everyone?</td></tr><tr><td>What are the basic steps?</td><td>Appendix A: Sample Form for Job</td></tr><tr><td>What is important to know when</td><td>Safety Analysis Worksheet</td></tr><tr><td>"selecting the job"?</td><td>Appendix B: Sample Forms for Tasks</td></tr><tr><td>How do I break the job into "basic</td><td>and Job Inventory</td></tr><tr><td>steps"?</td><td></td></tr></table> ## What is a Job Safety Analysis? A job safety analysis (JSA) is a process which helps assess a job to identify hazards and necessary control measures. In a job safety analysis, each basic step of the job is broken down into steps to identify potential hazards and to recommend the safest way to do the job. Other terms used to describe this procedure are job hazard analysis (JHA) and job hazard breakdown. Some individuals prefer to expand the analysis into all aspects of the job, not just safety. This approach is known as total job analysis. Methodology is based on the idea that safety is an integral part of every job, not a separate entity. In this document, only health and safety aspects will be considered. The terms "job" and "task" are commonly used interchangeably to mean a specific work assignment, such as "operating a grinder," "using a pressurized water extinguisher," or "changing a flat tire." Generally, a job or task can be further divided into many smaller steps. Job safety analyses are not suitable for jobs defined too bro…

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# Return to Work - Job Demands Analysis (cont.) ## What do you need to conduct a job demands analysis? (cont.) - Self-supervision - Work pressures and deadlines - Interpersonal skills required - Self-regulation and independent work - Reading, writing, and speech Each element should be compared against an established classification of occupational data. For example, the National Occupational Classification Skills and Competencies Taxonomy. established by the Government of Canada. This data provides the descriptor as well as the definition for specific skills that may be required for a job or task. When describing the demands of a task, we often see "frequency categories." These categories may include descriptors such as rare, occasional, frequent, or constant. These categories must be well defined within the job demands analysis. ## How does a Job Demands Analysis compare to a Job Safety Analysis? A Job Safety Analysis (JSA)_ can be used to identify potential risk factors for injury in a job, and to identify ways to modify a job. Job safety analyses can also be used to understand and address the hazards of a job task, and in developing a return to work program. A job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which helps integrate accepted safety and health principles and practices into a particular task or job operation. In a JSA, each basic step of the job is to identify potential hazards and to recommend the safest way to do the job. Other terms used to describe this procedure are job hazard analysis (JHA) and job hazard breakdown. A job demands analysis differs from a job safety analysis. The job demands analysis focuses on the demands of the job, not necessarily how to do the job. The job safety analysis can identify hazards throughout the task and suggest controls, whereas the job demands analysis is describing the demands of the task as is. ## How often should you review a job demands analysis? Job demands analyses should be reviewed as often as ne…

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# What are the benefits of doing a job safety analysis? (cont.) ## Who should conduct a job safety analysis? (cont.) The basic steps in conducting a job safety analysis are: - Select the job to be analyzed - Break the job down into a sequence of steps - Identify potential hazards - Determine preventive measures to control these hazards - Communicate the results ## What is important to know when "selecting the job"? Ideally, all jobs should be subjected to a job safety analysis. In some cases, practical constraints are posed by the amount of time and effort required to do a job safety analysis. Another consideration is that each job safety analysis will require revision whenever equipment, raw materials, processes, or the environment changes. For these reasons, it is usually necessary to identify which jobs are to be analyzed. Even if an analysis of all jobs is planned, this step ensures that the most critical jobs are examined first. Factors to be considered in setting a priority for the analysis of jobs include: - Incident frequency and severity: jobs where incidents occur frequently or where they occur infrequently but result in serious injuries. - Potential for severe injuries or illnesses: the consequences of an incident, hazardous condition, or exposure to harmful products are potentially severe. - Newly established jobs: due to lack of experience in these jobs, hazards may not be evident or anticipated. - Modified jobs: new hazards may be associated with changes in job procedures. - Infrequently performed jobs: workers may be at greater risk when undertaking non- routine jobs, and a JSA provides a means of reviewing hazards. ## How do I break the job into "basic steps"? After a job has been chosen for analysis, the next stage is to break the job into steps. A job step is defined as a segment of the operation necessary to advance the work. Job Safety Analysis CCOHS

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# How do I "identify potential hazards"? (cont.) ## 4. Reduce the exposure (cont.) <table><tr><th>Sequence of Events</th><th>Potential Incidents or Hazards</th><th>Preventive Measures</th></tr><tr><td>1. Park vehicle</td><td>a) Vehicle too close to passing traffic b) Vehicle on uneven, soft ground c) Vehicle may roll</td><td>a) Drive to an area clear of traffic. Turn on emergency flashers. b) Choose a firm, level parking area. c) Apply the parking brake; leave the transmission in PARK; place blocks in front and back of the wheel diagonally opposite to the flat.</td></tr><tr><td>2. Remove the spare tire and tool kit</td><td>a) Strain from lifting the spare tire</td><td>a) Turn the spare into an upright position in the wheel well. Using your legs and standing as close as possible, lift the spare out of the trunk and roll it to the flat tire.</td></tr><tr><td>3. Pry off the hub cap and loosen lug bolts (nuts)</td><td>a) Hub cap may pop off and hit you b) Lug wrench may slip</td><td>a) Pry off the hub cap using steady pressure. b) Use a proper lug wrench; apply steady pressure slowly.</td></tr><tr><td>And so on</td><td>a)</td><td>a)</td></tr></table> ## How should I communicate the information to everyone? A job safety analysis is a useful technique for identifying hazards so that workers and supervisors can take measures to eliminate or control hazards. The job safety analysis breaks down the job into steps that can be understood clearly; however, the table format may not always be the best way to communicate the information. Once the analysis is completed, the results must be communicated to all workers who are or will be performing that job. The side-by-side format used in JSA worksheets is not ideal for instructional purposes. Better results can be achieved by using a narrative-style communication format. For example, the work procedure based on the partial job safety analysis developed as an example in this document might start out like this: ## 1. Park vehic…