HAZOP for VTD

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# §5189. Process Safety Management of Acutely Hazardous Materials. (cont.) (E) The consequences of deviations, including those affecting the safety and health of employees. - NOTE: For processes for which data is unavailable, the information concerning the technology of the process may be developed from a process/hazard analysis conducted in accordance with subsection (e). (3) Information pertaining to the equipment in the process. (A) Information pertaining to the equipment in the process shall include at least the following: 1. Materials of construction; 2. Piping and instrument diagrams (P&ID's); 3. Electrical classification; 4. Relief system design and design basis; 5. Ventilation system design; 6. Design codes employed including design conditions and operating limits; 7. Material and energy balances for processes built after September 1, 1992; 8. Safety systems (such as interlocks, detection and suppression systems, etc.); and, 9. Electrical supply and distribution systems. (B) The employer shall document that the equipment complies with the criteria established in subsection (d) (3)(A) in accordance with recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices. (C) For existing equipment designed and constructed in accordance with codes, standards, or practices that are no longer in general use, the employer shall determine and document that the equipment is designed, maintained, inspected, tested and operating in a safe manner. (4) A copy of the process safety information and communication shall be accessible to all employees who perform any duties in or near the process. (e) Process Hazard Analysis. (1) The employer shall perform a hazard analysis appropriate to the complexity of the process for identifying, evaluating, and controlling hazards involved in the process and shall determine and document the priority order for conducting process hazard analyses based on the extent of process hazards, number of potent…

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# Part 1910-OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS (cont.) ## 1910.109 EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING AGENTS. (cont.) based on their completion date, in accordance with paragraph (e)(6) of this standard. (2) The employer shall use one or more of the following methodologies that are appropriate to determine and evaluate the hazards of the process being analyzed. (i) What-If; (ii) Checklist; (iii) What-If/Checklist; (iv) Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP); (v) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA); (vi) Fault Tree Analysis; or (vii) An appropriate equivalent methodology. (3) The process hazard analysis shall address: (i) The hazards of the process; (ii) The identification of any previous incident which had a likely potential for catastrophic consequences in the workplace; (iii) Engineering and administrative controls applicable to the hazards and their interrelationships such as appropriate application of detection methodologies to provide early warning of releases. (Acceptable detection methods might include process monitoring and control instrumentation with alarms, and detection hardware such as hydrocarbon sensors.); (iv) Consequences of failure of engineering and administrative controls; (v) Facility siting; (vi) Human factors; and (vii) A qualitative evaluation of a range of the possible safety and health effects of failure of controls on employees in the workplace. (4) The process hazard analysis shall be performed by a team with expertise in engineering and process operations, and the team shall include at least one employee who has experience and knowledge specific to the process being evaluated. Also, one member of the team must be knowledgeable in the specific process hazard analysis methodology being used. (5) The employer shall establish a system to promptly address the team's findings and recommendations; assure that the recommendations are resolved in a timely manner and that the resolution is documented; document what actions are to b…

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# 1910.119 PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF HIGHLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS (cont.) ## 1910.119(e) PROCESS HAZARD ANALYSIS. 1910.119(e)(1) The employer shall perform an initial process hazard analysis (hazard evaluation) on processes covered by this standard. The process hazard analysis shall be appropriate to the complexity of the process and shall identify, evaluate, and control the hazards involved in the process. Employers shall determine and document the priority order for conducting process hazard analyses based on a rationale which includes such considerations as extent of the process hazards, number of potentially affected employees, age of the process, and operating history of the process. The process hazard analysis shall be conducted as soon as possible, but not later than the following schedule: - 1910.119(e)(1)(i) No less than 25 percent of the initial process hazards analyses shall be completed by May 26, 1994; - 1910.119(e)(1)(ii) No less than 50 percent of the initial process hazards analyses shall be completed by May 26, 1995; - 1910.119(e)(1)(iii) No less than 75 percent of the initial process hazards analyses shall be completed by May 26, 1996; - 1910.119(e)(1)(iv) All initial process hazards analyses shall be completed by May 26, 1997. - 1910.119(e)(1)(v) Process hazards analyses completed after May 26, 1987 which meet the requirements of this paragraph are acceptable as initial process hazards analyses. These process hazard analyses shall be updated and revalidated, based on their completion date, in accordance with paragraph (e)(6) of this standard. - 1910.119(e)(2) The employer shall use one or more of the following methodologies that are appropriate to determine and evaluate the hazards of the process being analyzed. - 1910.119(e)(2)(i) What-If; - 1910.119(e)(2)(ii) Checklist; - 1910.119(e)(2)(iii) What-If/Checklist; - 1910.119(e)(2)(iv) Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP); - 1910.119(e)(2)(v) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA); -…

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# How is a risk assessment done? (cont.) ## Basic Qualitative Methods (cont.) Let's look at an example using criteria from Table 2: When painting a room, a step stool must be used to reach higher areas. The individual will not be standing higher than 1 metre (3 feet) at any time. The assessment team reviewed the situation and agrees that working from a step stool at 1 m is likely to: - Cause a short-term injury such as a strain or sprain if the individual falls. A severe sprain may require days off work. This outcome is similar to a medium severity rating. - Occur once in a working lifetime as painting is an uncommon activity for this organization. This criterion is similar to a low probability rating. When compared to the risk matrix chart (Table 2), these values correspond to a low risk rating. The workplace decides to implement hazard control measures, including the use of a stool with a large top that will allow the individual to maintain stability when standing on the stool. They also provided training to the individual on the importance of making sure the stool's legs always rest on the flat surface and are secure. The training also included steps to avoid excessive reaching while painting. Other types of qualitative risk assessments include hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis, bowtie analysis, and other similar risk matrices. ## Semi-quantitative Methods Semi-quantitative methods involve assigning numerical values or scores to various qualitative risk factors and then using these scores to rank or prioritize risk. This approach combines elements of both qualitative and quantitative risk assessment techniques. This method offers a middle-ground approach between qualitative and quantitative risk assessments, making it a flexible tool for a wide range of applications. Semi-quantitative methods involve assigning numerical values or scores to various qualitative risk factors and then using these scores to rank or prioritize risk. This approach combin…

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# Thermal and chemical stability data; and (cont.) ## 1910.119(e)(1) (cont.) 1910.119(e)(1)(v) Process hazards analyses completed after May 26, 1987 which meet the requirements of this paragraph are acceptable as initial process hazards analyses. These process hazard analyses shall be updated and revalidated, based on their completion date, in accordance with paragraph (e)(6) of this in accordance with paragraph (e)(6) of this section. 1910.119(e)(2) The employer shall use one or more of the following methodologies that are appropriate to determine and evaluate the hazards of the process being analyzed. - 1910.119(e)(2)(i) - What-If; 1910.119(e)(2)(ii) Checklist; 1910.119(e)(2)(iii) What-If/Checklist; 1910.119(e)(2)(iv) Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP): 1910.119(e)(2)(v) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA); 1910.119(e)(2)(vi) Fault Tree Analysis; or 1910.119(e)(2)(vii) An appropriate equivalent methodology. - 1910.119(e)(3) The process hazard analysis shall address: 1910.119(e)(3)(i) Submit Feedback