Nails causing flat tires

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Trench Safety Working in an unprotected trench is dangerous - Protect workers from cave-ins when trenches are at least 5' deep and from shallower trenches where a cave-in hazard exists. - o Do this by supporting the walls with shoring, shielding workers with trench boxes, or sloping the walls back wide enough, per the OSHA Excavation Standard. - o Protect employees from water accumulation by pumping out ground or utility water. - Provide ladders to workers when working in trenches of at least 4'. Call Dig Safe at 1-(888) 344-7233 to identify underground utilities. Ensure that workers wear high-visibility clothing when working around vehicle traffic. - Use Part 6 of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices to determine appropriate work zone signage and traffic channeling devices. • Spoils must be placed 2 feet from the trench edge. • Do not allow employees to work under suspended or raised loads or materials. A competent person must inspect each trench worksite, including the soil protective system, before the start of work, and again if there is a hazard-increasing change in conditions, like a rainstorm. ## Resources from the Department of Labor Standards Download a copy of our Trench Template Program and Inspection Worksheet at mass.gov/doc/trench-template-program-and-worksheet ## For more information, visit mass.gov/dls MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF MASSsafety Works! LABOR STANDARDS Workplace Safety is No Accident 3-20-24

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# Massachusetts Department of Labor Standards Safety Alert: Blind Spots on Construction Equipment ## Never Stand in Blind Spots ## Safety Tips March 2025 ## Contractors ## Managers Ensure detail officers are trained on hazards associated with roadside work zones. ## Traffic Detail Officers - Position yourself outside the construction work zone. Review the work zone plan and internal traffic flow with crew and detail officers in a pre-shift briefing. Blind spots are areas around construction equipment where the operator's view is obstructed. Different vehicles have their own blind spots. Being able to see the operator does not mean the operator can see you! ## Sample Blind Spot Diagram A person must be at least 33 feet (10 meters) in front of this dump truck in order to be seen. A person at the rear of the dump truck will not be seen. Blind Area Meror Visbity 50 290 290 The red circle 270 12m is 33 feet 200 100° around the 25 truck. Gray area is 140° not visible to Operator 100 • Maintain eye contact with equipment operators. Confirm eye contact with hand signals before approaching equipment. Click here for NIOSH Blind Spot Charts for Common Heavy Equipment SETTENSIS NSIS. SIGILLU ALLUM MASSACHUS The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development Department of Labor Standards Workplace Safety and Health Program www.mass.gov/dols/wshp

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# Injuries Are Not Accidents: Construction Will Be Safe When It's Designed to Be Safe (cont.) ## NIOSH-FACE Program recommendations for employers to prevent collisions¹ (cont.) CASE STUDY 4: Injuries Are Not Accidents # CASE STUDY 4 — TIMELINE <table><tr><th>YEAR</th><th>EVENT</th></tr><tr><td>1971</td><td>The first OSHA standards are published in the Federal Register on May 29, 1971, including those for construction. Safety and health standards for the construction industry are found in "Part 1926" under Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).98</td></tr><tr><td>1973</td><td>The Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health (ACCSH) is established to advise OSHA on setting construction standards and policy matters.99</td></tr><tr><td>1978</td><td>At the construction site for a power plant in Willow Island, West Virginia, scaffolding around the cooling tower collapses, killing 51 workers.98</td></tr><tr><td>1978</td><td>In Bridgeport, Connecticut, the collapse of the L'Ambiance Plaza building, under construction, kills 28 workers.98</td></tr><tr><td>1982</td><td>OSHA formally announces the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) to recognize workplaces with exemplary safety and health management systems and designates the first VPP site.100</td></tr><tr><td>1986</td><td>The International Standardization Organization adopts its Quality Management 9000 Series.81</td></tr><tr><td>1988</td><td>The International Labour Organization (ILO) adopts its Safety and Health in Construction Convention (No. 167, 1988).82</td></tr><tr><td>1989</td><td>OSHA issues its voluntary guidelines for safety and health program management. 101</td></tr><tr><td>1990s</td><td>Several major construction safety and health standards are finalized.98</td></tr><tr><td>1994</td><td>OSHA begins its focused inspection initiative for contractors who have established and fully implemented a corporate safety and health program and site-specific plans. 11</td></tr><tr><td>1996</td><td>The I…

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# Appendix 10. Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Classification Manual (Section 2.4) ## 0. Contact with Objects and Equipment - Contact with objects and equipment, unspecified - Struck against object - Struck against object, unspecified - Stepped on object - Struck against stationary object - Struck against moving object - Struck against object, n.e.c. - Struck by object - Struck by object, unspecified - struck by falling object - struck by flying object - Struck by flying object, unspecified - Struck by dislodged flying object, particle - Struck by discharged object or substance - struck by flying object, n.e.c. - Struck by swinging or slipping object - Struck by swinging or slipping object, unspecified - Struck by or slammed in swinging door or gate - Struck by slipping handheld object - Struck by swinging or slipping object, n.e.c. - Caught in or compressed by equipment or objects - Caught in or compressed by equipment or objects, unspecified - Caught in running equipment or machinery - Compressed or pinched by rolling, sliding, or shifting objects • Caught in or compressed by equipment or objects, n.e.c. - Caught in or crushed in collapsing materials - Caught in or crushed in collapsing materials, unspecified - Excavation or trenching cave-in - Other cave-in - Caught in or crushed in collapsing structure - Caught in or crushed in collapsing materials, n.e.c. - Rubbed or abraded by friction or pressure - Rubbed or abraded by friction or pressure, unspecified - Rubbed or abraded by kneeling on surface - Rubbed or abraded by objects being handled - Rubbed or abraded by foreign matter in eye - Rubbed or abraded by friction or pressure, n.e.c. - Rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration 54 • Rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration, unspecified " Rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vehicle or mobile equipment vibration " Rubbed, abraded, or jarred by other machine or equipment vibration " Rubbed, a…

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# 1. Fatal Occupational Injuries in Massachusetts (cont.) ## 1.5 Events/Exposures • Transportation related incidents (including land, water and air transport incidents) led all event categories. During the nine-year period, 221 workers (35% of fatalities) died from work-related transportation incidents. Within this category, highway motor vehicle incidents and water vehicle incidents were the most frequent, resulting in 84 and 51 fatalities respectively. Forty workers were struck by vehicles and 24 died in aircraft crashes (Table 4). • Falls, the second leading event category, accounted for one-fifth (133 fatalities, 21%) of all fatal occupational injuries. Within this category, fall to lower levels was the single leading event; sixty percent (71 fatalities) of the falls to lower levels occurred in the construction industry division (See Special Topic: Falls to Lower Levels, page 27). • Assaults and Violent Acts was the third leading event category, accounting for 115 fatalities (18%). Homicide, which is the major single event within this category and the third leading event overall, claimed a total of 82 workers' lives, while suicides and animal attacks accounted for 33 fatalities. In more than two-thirds (68%) of the homicides, firearms were used as a means of assault. Robbery was the primary circumstance in workplace homicides for which information about circumstance was available; 25 out of 51 (49%) of the cases occurred during robbery. (See Special Topic: Work-related Homicide, page 32). • Contact with objects accounted for the fatalities of 88 workers (14%). Twenty-four victims died after being struck by falling objects such as trees and electrical poles. Another 21 workers died when they were caught in running equipment or machinery. About 61% (54 fatalities) of the 88 fatalities due to contact with objects occurred in the Construction, Manufacturing and Agriculture industries, whereas only 35% of all fatalities occurred in these industries. • Fifty wor…

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TENSIN MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STANDARDS # Trench Hazard Alert MASSsafety Works! Workplace Safety is No Accident Every year, workers are killed or seriously injured conducting work in trenches, including utility repair, utility inspections, and construction. Trenches are recognized by OSHA as one of the most hazardous construction work conditions, with a fatality rate more than double that for construction work overall. ## Requirements for Trench Work • Protect workers from soil cave-ins in all trenches 5' or deeper, and in shallower trenches where a cave-in hazard exists. Do this by supporting the walls with shoring, shielding workers with trench boxes, or sloping the walls back wide enough, in accordance with the OSHA Excavation Standard. • Provide ladders to workers in trenches 4' or deeper. • Underground utilities must be identified and supported. Call Dig Safe at 1-(888) 344-7233. • Ensure that workers wear high visibility clothing when exposed to vehicle traffic, and use appropriate work zone signage and traffic channeling set-ups. . Spoils must be kept back a minimum of 2' from the trench edge. Keep equipment and heavy material as far back from the trench edge as possible. • Stabilize undermined adjacent structures. • Protect employees from water accumulation by pumping out ground or utility water, and preventing drainage or other water from entering the trench. • Do not allow employees to work under suspended or raised loads or materials. • Conduct pre-job planning and inspections of trench worksites. A competent person must inspect each trench worksite, including the soil protective system, prior to the start of work, and again if there is a hazard-increasing change in conditions such as a rainstorm. Unsafe trenches are dangerous! Trenches more than 20 feet in depth must be designed by a registered professional engineer. ## Workers in trenches face other significant hazards in addition to cave-in of the soil walls, including: . …

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# Appendix 10. Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Classification Manual--- Continued ## 4. Transportation Accidents - Transportation accident, unspecified - Highway accident - Highway accident, unspecified - Collision between vehicles, mobile equipment - Collision between vehicles, mobile equipment, unspecified - Re-entrant collision - Moving in same direction Moving in opposite directions, oncoming - Moving in intersection - Moving in intersection - Moving and standing vehicle, mobile equipment-in roadway - Moving and standing vehicle, mobile equipment-side of road - Collision between vehicles, mobile equipment, n.e.c. - Vehicle struck stationary object or equipment in roadway - Vehicle struck stationary object, equipment on side of road - Non-collision accident - Non-collision, accident, unspecified - Jack-knifed or overturned-no collision - Ran off highway—no collision - Struck by shifting load - Sudden start or stop, n.e.c. - Non-collision accident, n,e,c. - Highway accident, n.e.c. - Non-highway accident, except rail, air, water - Non-highway accident, unspecified - Collision between vehicles or mobile equipment • Vehicle, mobile equipment struck stationary object - Non-collision accident - Non-collision accident, unspecified - Fall from moving vehicle, mobile equipment - Fell from and struck by vehicle, mobile equipment - Overturned - Loss of control - Struck by shifting load - Sudden start or stop, n.e.c. - Non-collision accident, n.e.c. - Non-highway accident, n.e.c. - Pedestrian, non-passenger struck by vehicle, mobile equipment • Pedestrian struck by vehicle, mobile equipment, unspecified - Pedestrian struck by vehicle, mobile equipment in roadway 56 - Pedestrian by vehicle, mobile equipment on side of road - Pedestrian struck by vehicle, mobile equipment in parking lot or non-roadway area - Railway accident " Railway accident, …

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# CASE STUDY 4 — TIMELINE (cont.) ## References (cont.) CASE STUDY 4: Injuries Are Not Accidents 81. International Labour Organization. Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems. (ILO-OSH 2001). 2001. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/2001/101B09_287_engl.pdf. Accessed: November 17, 2010. 82. International Labour Organization. Safety and Health in Construction Convention. 1988 (No. 167). Available at: http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp1.htm. Accessed: November 15, 2010. 83. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Draft Proposed Safety and Health Program Rule: 29 CFR 1900.1, Docket S&H-0027. 1998. Available at: http://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/safetyhealth/nshp.html. Accessed: November 15, 2010. No. 84. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. AMEC Construction Partnership implements safety and health management systems and reduces injury and illness incident rate. 2010. Available at: http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/success_stories/partnerships/ region5/191_amec success.html. Accessed: November 15, 2010. 85. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Prevention through Design. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ptd/. Accessed: November 15, 2010. 86. Toole TM, Gambatese J. The trajectories of Prevention through Design in construction. J Safety Res. 2008;39(2):225-30. 87. Behm M. Construction sector. J Safety Res. 2008;39(2):175-8. 88. OSHA Alliance Program's Construction Roundtable. Construction Workplace Design Solution: Non-Fragile Skylights and/or Skylight Guards. 2010. Available at: http://www.designforconstructionsafety.org/Documents/DS5%20-%20Skylight%20%28MG- TB%20update%205-3-10%29.pdf. Accessed: November 15, 2010. 89. Hassan M. OSHA urges Morris County NJ Latino workers to report safety violations. Daily Record. July 27, 2010. 90. Sokas RK, Emile J, Nickels L,…

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# 454 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STANDARDS 28.12: continued (b) Openings of windows on the side of the building where the work is taking place must be closed or sealed with polyethylene sheeting and duct tape in a manner sufficient to prevent leakage of dust or debris to interior spaces. (c) Cementitious asbestos-containing shingles, siding and panels must be removed whole and intact to the greatest feasible extent. Methods predisposing shingles siding or panels to breakage during removal is prohibited. (d) Each panel or shingle must be adequately wetted with Amended Water prior to removal. (e) Nails securing shingles must be cut or pulled prior to shingle removal. Shingles, siding or panels must be carefully lowered to the ground to avoid breakage. (f) Removed shingles, siding or panels and associated debris must be containerized in leak-proof metal, plastic or plastic-lined drums or boxes or wrapped with double thickness plastic sheeting (six-mil minimum thickness each layer) sealed with duct tape no later than the end of each work shift. The outer surface or layer of waste material shall be free of asbestos contamination before exiting the Work Area. (g) Persons performing work involving only the removal of asbestos roofing and siding materials may comply with the OSHA training requirements set forth at 29 CFR 1926.1101(k)(9)(iv) or the corresponding EPA training requirements specified by 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart G, as applicable, in lieu of fulfilling the training requirements of 454 CMR 28.00. (h) Clearance Inspections. The Work Area and perimeter shall be visually inspected for dust, debris and other particulate residue. The Work Area and perimeter shall be repeatedly cleaned by the Contractor or other entity carrying out the work operation until the no Visible Debris criterion is achieved. (i) Persons performing work involving only the removal of asbestos roofing and siding materials must retain records and documents for a period of at least 15 years. …

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# 454 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STANDARDS 28.02: continued (a) An inspection report with general building description; (b) Hazards assessments of all ACM and assumed ACM; (c) Identification of any ACM or assumed ACM remaining in the building; (d) Detailed written descriptions of response actions appropriate for the ACM identified; (e) An Operations & Maintenance (O&M) program; and (f) Evaluation of resources needed to implement the response actions and O&M. Minor Fiber Release Episode. Any uncontrolled, intentional or unintentional disturbance of asbestos-containing material which produces visible debris, or emission and which: (a) Involves the disturbance of: 1. Three or fewer linear feet of friable asbestos-containing material on or in pipes, ducts or wires; or 2. Three or fewer square feet of asbestos-containing material on or in structures or components other than pipes, ducts or wires; and (b) Produces an amount of asbestos-containing material which can be contained by a single 60-inch x 60-inch glove bag of conventional manufacture. Miscellaneous ACM. Miscellaneous material that is ACM in a facility, including a school building. Miscellaneous Material. Interior building material on structural components, structural members or fixtures, such as floor and ceiling tiles, but does not include surfacing material or thermal system insulation. NIOSH. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. NIST. The National Institute of Standards and Technology. Non-friable. Material which when dry may not be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. Non-friable Asbestos-containing Materials (Non-friable ACM). Any material which contains more than 1% asbestos bound by a matrix which cannot, when dry, be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure and that has not been subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting, or abrading and has not been crumbled, shattered, or pulverized by mechanical means such as, but not limi…

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THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF LABOR AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STANDARDS MASS safety Works! Workplace Safety is No Accident # Prevent Aerial Lift Accidents Municipal employees are subject to accidents and injuries while working in bucket trucks and aerial lifts to hang flags and decorations, trim trees, or make repairs to buildings or streetlights. Some of the high hazards of working in bucket trucks or on any elevated work platform include electrocution, tip overs, and struck by passing traffic. Remind all employees who will be working on an elevated work platform of some key safety points: • Wear a harness and lifeline properly. • Make sure the equipment is on stable ground. Avoid slopes, sandy or wet areas, and uneven surfaces. • Never stand on the sides of the bucket or use a ladder in the bucket to extend reach. • Do not put yourself or your equipment within 10 feet of power lines. • Set up a safe work zone to prevent traffic from hitting the bucket truck. • Use advance warning signs, cones, or barricades to protect your workers. If the bucket truck is not regularly used, make sure you inspect it and test it. Look for leaks and check the hydraulics. Make sure that all the outriggers fully deploy, beacons, and lights function properly, and there are no missing parts. Above all, make sure the operator is well trained in the safe use of the equipment. These workers are wearing a harness and lifeline to ensure they are not thrown out of the bucket if the bucket, boom, or truck is hit by a passing vehicle. For further information, read the Aerial Lift Safety Bulletin on the DLS website: www.mass.gov/dols/wshp

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# Injuries Are Not Accidents: Construction Will Be Safe When It's Designed to Be Safe (cont.) ## NIOSH-FACE Program recommendations for employers to prevent collisions¹ (cont.) WORL Falls are the most frequent cause of fatal injuries among construction workers in the United States. ©2010 Earl Dotter equipment." Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and tag readers are one such collision warning tech- nology: each worker on foot wears a small RFID tag, each piece of mobile equipment is equipped with a tag reader, and the equipment operator receives a warning when a tag is sensed. 1.94 OSHA and NIOSH are part of the Roadway Work Zone Safety and Health Alliance, which includes these six other partners from the employers' and employees' or- ganizations: American Road and Transportation Builders Association (ARTBA), Associated General Contractors of America (AGC), International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE), Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA), LIUNA Education and Train- ing Fund, and National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA).95 The Alliance provides construction industry employers, workers (including Spanish-speaking and other high-risk or hard-to-reach workers), and others with information, guidance, and training resources spe- cifically to reduce and prevent exposures to roadway work zone safety and health hazards (e.g. flagger safety, safer deployment of traffic control and direction devices, safer night work precautions, work zone speeding control as well as runover/backover control).95 The National Work Zone Safety Information Clearinghouse is located at http://www.workzonesafety.org-many tools and documents developed by the Alliance are at this site. An important overall strategy to prevent collisions in worksites is an Internal Traffic Control Plan to design worksite traffic patterns in such a way that the amount of vehicle backing is reduced and the exposure of workers on foot to vehicles is minimized.⁹6 Collisions happen …

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# SAFETY ALERT-Please Post # Perform Maintenance Safely on Skid-Steer Loaders • Inspect equipment prior to each use. - After the 2009 incident, it was discovered that the operator's seat interlock on the loader was not working. • Never perform maintenance or service tasks under a raised lift arm unless a manufacturer- approved lift arm support is properly in place. - In each of the cases noted, the lift arm support was not used to keep the lift arm from dropping. The workers died after the lift arm dropped and crushed them. • Read and follow the manufacturer's operator and service manual procedures and all instruction decals on the machine. - In the 2012 incident, the way the victim was found indicates that he was working underneath the raised arm without using the lift arm support. Skid-steer loader's decal showing the lift arm support 2012 fatality investigation Lift Arm- Lift Cylinder- Lift Arm Support Clamping Knob ° STORAGE POSITION INSTALLED POSITION • Use the loader's controls only from the operator's seat, inside the cab. In the 2009 incident, the victim likely stood on a step ladder and reached up into the cab to start the loader's engine, and unintentionally engaged the control that raises and lowers the loader's lift arm. In the 2012 incident, when the victim was found, the operator seat was empty with the restraint bar in the down position. The seat restraint bar should only be down while the operator is seated in the cab because, in the down position, it allows the lift arm to move. ## Resources On-site Consultation Program, MA Department of Labor Standards (DLS) DLS offers free consultation services to help employers recognize and control potential hazards at their worksites, and assists in training employees. www.mass.gov/dols/consult ## MA FACE, MA Department of Public Health Full reports of incidents are available for free online including those referenced in this fact sheet. www.mass.gov/dph/FACE National Institute for Occ…