Overhead loads
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Published by SALUSToolbox Talk: Overhead Loads
Date: [DATE] Duration: [DURATION] minutes Presenter: [PRESENTER NAME] Location: [LOCATION]
Objective
The objective of this toolbox talk is to educate participants on the hazards associated with working under overhead loads and to provide practical steps to ensure safety when working in such environments.
Introduction
Working with overhead loads is a common task in many construction and industrial settings. However, it poses significant risks, including the potential for serious injury or death if loads are not properly managed. Understanding the risks and implementing safety measures is crucial to prevent accidents.
Presenter Note: Engage the audience by asking if anyone has personal experience related to working with overhead loads.
Key Points
- Understand Load Limits: Always adhere to the manufacturer's rated load limits for hoists and cranes. Exceeding these limits can lead to equipment failure and accidents [1].
- Pre-plan Load Routes: Ensure that routes for suspended loads are pre-planned to avoid having employees work directly under them, except when necessary for specific tasks like hooking or unhooking [2].
- Use Qualified Riggers: All loads should be rigged by a qualified rigger to prevent unintentional displacement and ensure safety [2].
- Inspect Equipment Regularly: Conduct regular inspections of hoisting equipment to ensure it is in good working condition and meets safety standards [1].
- Avoid Sudden Movements: During hoisting, avoid sudden acceleration or deceleration to prevent load swinging and potential accidents [3].
Hazard Identification
Common hazards associated with overhead loads include:
- Falling Loads: Can cause serious injury or death if not properly secured.
- Equipment Failure: Overloading or poor maintenance can lead to equipment failure.
- Swinging Loads: Can strike workers or cause the load to become unbalanced.
Presenter Note: Encourage participants to share any additional hazards they've encountered.
Control Measures
- Elimination: Avoid working under suspended loads whenever possible.
- Engineering Controls: Use barriers or exclusion zones to keep workers away from the fall zone.
- Administrative Controls: Implement strict procedures for load handling and ensure all workers are trained.
- PPE: Use hard hats and other protective gear to minimize injury from falling objects.
Safe Work Procedures
- Verify the load weight and ensure it does not exceed equipment limits.
- Inspect all rigging equipment before use.
- Plan the load path and ensure it is clear of obstructions.
- Use tag lines to control load movement.
- Ensure all personnel are clear of the load path before lifting.
Presenter Note: If possible, demonstrate the safe work procedure or use visual aids.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements
- Hard Hats: Must be worn at all times to protect against falling objects.
- Safety Boots: Provide protection against heavy objects and uneven surfaces.
- High-Visibility Vests: Ensure workers are visible to equipment operators.
Real-World Example or Case Study
Discuss a recent incident where a load was improperly rigged, leading to a near-miss. Highlight the importance of proper rigging and adherence to safety protocols.
Presenter Note: Ask participants if they can relate this example to their own experiences.
Group Discussion
Discuss the following questions:
- What are some common mistakes made when working with overhead loads?
- How can we improve our current procedures to enhance safety?
- What additional training or resources would be beneficial?
Presenter Note: Encourage active participation and facilitate the discussion.
Emergency Procedures
- Stop all work immediately if a load becomes unstable.
- Evacuate the area if a load is at risk of falling.
- Report any incidents or near-misses to a supervisor immediately.
- Follow the site-specific emergency response plan.
Questions and Answers
Encourage participants to ask questions and provide answers to common questions related to the topic.
- Q: What should you do if you notice a load is not properly secured?
A: Stop the operation immediately and notify a supervisor.
- Q: How often should equipment be inspected?
A: Before each use and regularly as part of a maintenance schedule.
- Q: What is the role of a qualified rigger?
A: To ensure loads are properly rigged and secure before lifting.
Summary
Recap the main points covered in the toolbox talk:
- Always adhere to load limits and equipment specifications.
- Pre-plan load routes and avoid working under suspended loads.
- Use qualified personnel for rigging and inspections.
- Implement control measures and use appropriate PPE.
Action Items
- Review and update load handling procedures.
- Schedule regular training sessions for all personnel.
- Conduct a site audit to identify potential hazards related to overhead loads.
Remember: Safety is everyone's responsibility. Always report hazards and near-misses to your supervisor immediately.
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Sources used for this answer
[1] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)
Page 807
Open source documentSource excerpt
Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Division 3 - (d) Working under loads. - (1) Routes for suspended loads shall be pre-planned to ensure that no employee is required to work directly below a suspended load except for: - (i) Employees engaged in the initial connection of the steel; or - (ii) Employees necessary for the hooking or unhooking of the load. - (2) When working under suspended loads, the following criteria shall be met: - (i) Materials being hoisted shall be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement; - (ii) Hooks with self-closing safety latches or their equivalent shall be used to prevent components from slipping out of the hook; and - (iii) All loads shall be rigged by a qualified rigger. - (e) Multiple lift rigging procedure. - (1) A multiple lift shall only be performed if the following criteria are met: - (i) A multiple lift rigging assembly is used; - (ii) A maximum of five members are hoisted per lift; - (iii) Only beams and similar structural members are lifted; and - (iv) All employees engaged in the multiple lift have been trained in these procedures in accordance with 1926.761(c)(1). - (v) No crane is permitted to be used for a multiple lift where such use is contrary to the manufacturer's specifications and limitations. - (2) Components of the multiple lift rigging assembly shall be specifically designed and assembled with a maximum capacity for total assembly and for each individual attachment point. This capacity, certified by the manufacturer or a qualified rigger, shall be based on the manufacturer's specifications with a 5 to 1 safety factor for all components. - (3) The total load shall not exceed: - (i) The rated capacity of the hoisting equipment specified in the hoisting equipment load charts; - (ii) The rigging capacity specified in the rigging rating chart. - (4) The multiple lift rigging assembly shall be rigged with members: - (i) Attached at their center of gravity and maintained reasonably level;
[2] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)
Page 656
Open source documentSource excerpt
## OVERHEAD HOISTS ## §1926.554 Overhead Hoists. ## (a) General requirements. - (1) The safe working load of the overhead hoist, as determined by the manufacturer, shall be indicated on the hoist, and this safe working load shall not be exceeded. - (2) The supporting structure to which the hoist is attached shall have a safe working load equal to that of the hoist. - (3) The support shall be arranged so as to provide for free movement of the hoist and shall not restrict the hoist from lining itself up with the load. - (4) The hoist shall be installed only in locations that will permit the operator to stand clear of the load at all times. - (5) Air hoists shall be connected to an air supply of sufficient capacity and pressure to safely operate the hoist. All air hoses supplying air shall be positively connected to prevent their becoming disconnected during use. - (6) All overhead hoists in use shall meet the applicable requirements for construction, design, installation, testing, inspection, maintenance, and operation, as prescribed by the manufacturer. ## (b) Specific requirements. (Reserved) Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(3). Hist: APD Admin. Order 4-1989, f. 3/31/89, ef. 5/1/89 (temp). APD Admin. Order 8-1989, f. 7/7/89, ef. 7/7/89 (perm).
[3] Safety Standards for General Safety and Health Standards (Chaper 296-24 WAC)
Page 50
Open source documentSource excerpt
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ## WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] Handling the load. ## (1) Size of load . - (a) You must not load any crane beyond the rated load, except for test purposes as provided in WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code]. - (b) When loads which are limited by structural competence rather than by stability are to be handled, you must ascertain that the weight of the load has been determined within plus or minus 10% before it is lifted. ## (2) Attaching the load. - (a) You must ensure that the hoist rope is not wrapped around the load. - (b) You must ensure that the load is attached to the hook by means of slings or other approved devices. ## (3) Moving the load . - (a) The employer must ensure that: - (i) The crane is level and where necessary blocked properly. - (ii) The load is well secured and properly balanced in the sling or lifting device before it is lifted more than a few inches. - (b) Before starting to hoist, you must note the following conditions: - (i) Hoist rope must not be kinked. - (ii) Multiple part lines must not be twisted around each other. - (iii) The hook must be brought over the load in such a manner as to prevent swinging. - (iv) If there is a slack rope condition, it should be determined that the rope is properly seated on the drum and in the sheaves. - (c) During hoisting you must take care that: - (i) There is no sudden acceleration or deceleration of the moving load. - (ii) The load does not contact any obstructions. - (d) You must ensure that side loading of booms is limited to freely suspended loads. You must not use cranes for dragging loads sideways. - (e) You must not do any hoisting, lowering, swinging, or traveling while anyone is on the load or hook. - (f) The operator should avoid carrying loads over people. - (g) On truck moun…
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