Overhead permanent highway signs

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# INDUSTRY (cont.) ## FATALITY TOTALS PER QUARTER (cont.) phases in a requirement for employers to have ladder safety or personal fall arrest systems for fixed ladders that extend more than 24 feet and phases out the use of cages or wells for fall protection. Portable Ladders – Portable ladders - usually consist of side rails joined at intervals by steps, rungs, or cleats. They can be self-supporting or lean against a supporting structure. # PROVIDE the Right Stepladder for the Job with the Proper Load Capacity. ## Safe Stepladder Use―DO: Read and follow all the manufacturer's instructions and labels on the ladder. • Look for overhead power lines before handling or climbing a ladder. - Maintain a 3-point contact (two hands and a foot, or two feet and a hand) when climbing/descending a ladder. - Stay near the middle of the ladder and face the ladder while climbing up/down. - Use a barricade to keep traffic away from the ladder. • Keep ladders free of any slippery materials. • Only put ladders on a stable and level surface that is not slippery. ## Safe Stepladder Use―DO NOT: • Use ladders for a purpose other than that for which they were designed. For example, do not use a folded stepladder as a single ladder. • Use a stepladder with spreaders unlocked. • Use the top step or cap as a step. • Place a ladder on boxes, barrels, or other unstable bases. • Move or shift a ladder with a person or equipment on the ladder. • Use cross bracing on the rear of stepladders for climbing. • Paint a ladder with opaque coatings. • Use a damaged ladder. • Leave tools/materials/equipment on stepladder. • Use a stepladder horizontally like a platform. • Use a metal stepladder near power lines or electrical equipment. O SEPTEMBER 2022 7

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# Kentucky Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) Program Incident Number: 14KY002 Release Date: May 23, 2014 Subject: Construction Flagger Struck and Killed in Work Zone ## Summary On a clear, cold, Monday, January 20, 2014, a 36-year-old married flagger entered a two-lane highway with his back toward oncoming traffic and was struck by a 2010 red Toyota Corolla, driven by a 53 year-old motorist. The seven-man crew had finished setting up a construction zone on a two-lane highway to repair damaged guardrails along the westbound side of the roadway. The crew had placed alert signs in each direction of travel in preparation to stop all traffic prior to completely closing the westbound lane and had just dropped off the victim, who was designated as the flagger for the eastbound traffic. Traffic flow was to be coordinated with flaggers by two-way radios. Witnesses stated that the victim walked out into the eastbound lane with his back to oncoming traffic while facing the other flagger and the lane of traffic he stepped into had not yet been stopped. The victim was struck from behind by a passenger vehicle traveling approximately 55 mph. Police interviews with the driver stated that his vision was obscured due to the glare of the sun through his windshield and he did not see the victim. Recommendation No. 1: Flaggers should never enter the roadway before traffic has been stopped and never turn their backs towards oncoming traffic. Recommendation No. 2: Operators of motor vehicles should always adhere to roadway warning signage by slowing down and paying close attention while in a work zone area. Recommendation No. 3: Employers should train employees quarterly to keep flagging safety policies and procedures fresh in their minds while working in highway situations. Recommendation No. 4: Companies should set up traffic control in accordance with the MUTCD. ## Introduction Monday, January 20, 2014, the Kentucky Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation pr…

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# TOGETHER WITH TOSHA newsletter (cont.) ## In This Issue (cont.) DD # Highway Work Zones and Signs, Signals, and Barricades | ighway, road, street, Highway, tunnel, utility and other workers for the highway infrastructure are exposed to hazards from outside and inside the work zone. Falls, electrical, struck-by, and caught between are the common hazards found in this type of work. Guidance for the set-up of work zone signs, barricades, flagging, etc. are found in the U.S. Department of Transportation's "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)." The MUTCD is referenced in 1926 Subpart G. Workers being struck by vehicles or mobile equipment led to many work zone fatalities or injuries. Work zones need traffic controls identified by signs, cones, barrels, and barriers. Drivers, workers on foot, and pedestrians must be able to see and understand the proper routes. Construction project managers determine traffic control plans within construction/demolition worksites. Traffic control devices, signals, and message boards instruct drivers to follow paths away from where work is being done. Approved traffic control devices, including cones, barrels, barricades, and posts, are also used inside work zones. O 2 TOGETHER WITH TOSHA

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# Case #7: Highway Construction Worker Dies After Being Struck While Crossing Roadway A 55-year-old construction worker died of injuries sustained after being struck by a vehicle on an interstate highway near a major metropolitan area. The victim and a co-worker were assigned to drill holes for installation of steel pipes beneath the highway, using a boring machine. The machine was located in the ditch on the east side of the northbound lanes. Construction warning signs were set up 2,000 feet ahead of the work area. At the time of the incident, the victim's task was to cross the highway lanes to mark the exit location of the hole currently being drilled, as his co-worker monitored the gauges on the boring machine. According to witnesses, the victim was not wearing a high-visibility safety vest. At about 8:30a.m., when the victim crossed the highway and was near the middle of the left lane, two vehicles traveling in that lane approached him. The driver of the second vehicle momentarily looked to the right, toward the boring machine. When he looked forward again, the vehicle ahead of him had moved one lane to the right, and he saw the victim standing directly in front of him. The driver of the second vehicle turned his vehicle to the right and applied his brakes. The victim was struck by the skidding vehicle and thrown 40 feet, landing in the ditch along the left shoulder of the highway. Emergency medical personnel arrived at the scene within a few minutes. The victim was transported to a local hospital where he died approximately 2 hours later. Death was attributed to multiple blunt force injuries. The total skid distance of the vehicle that struck the victim was 193 feet. Based on the length of the skid and the dry conditions of the road surface, the state patrol estimated the minimum speed of the vehicle as 61 miles per hour at the time the driver started braking. According to the state patrol officer's report, several drivers who witnessed the incident said tha…

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# Workzone layout (cont.) ## Contracting agencies can: (cont.) Road builders and maintainers and contracting agencies can: - Cooperate to design and implement TCPs in accordance with safety management principles that call for a hierarchical approach to prevention of worker injuries: - Reduce worker exposure to injury to the extent possible. For highway construction, possible strategies to reduce exposure to injury from traffic vehicles include rerouting all traffic to one side of a multi-lane highway, or complete road closure. - Where worker exposure to traffic cannot be completely eliminated, use positive protective barriers to shield workers from intrusions by traffic vehicles. Examples applicable to highway work zones are truck-mounted attenuators (TMAs) and temporary traffic barriers. - Where installation of temporary traffic barriers is impractical or creates a greater hazard, install channelizing devices such as traffic cones and barrels to delineate the work zone. Keep in mind that channelizing devices supplement the use of temporary traffic barriers, but are a less effective physical barrier to prevent vehicles intruding into the work zone. - Consider additional measures such as sensors, handheld radios, and intrusion alarms, but do not rely on them as a primary protection against injury. Policy makers (Federal, state, and local) can: - Revise OSHA regulations for the construction industry (29 CFR 1926, Subpart G – Signs, Signals, and Barricades) to require adherence to the Millennium Edition of the MUTCD in place of the 1971 version that is currently specified [FHWA 2000; CFR]. This change would make OSHA regulations consistent with Federal Department of Transportation policy, which will require state departments of transportation to adhere to the more protective version of the MUTCD by January 17, 2003. - Where Federal agencies have overlapping responsibilities for work zone safety, collaborate to ensure that regulations are consistent and co…

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# Written Safety Programs and Training (cont.) ## Recommendations/Discussions (cont.) Option: 1. For low-volume situations with short work zones on straight roadways where the flagger is visible to road users approaching from both directions, a single flagger, positioned to be visible to road users approaching from both directions, may be used (see Chapter 6E). 2. The ROAD WORK AHEAD and the END ROAD WORK signs may be omitted for short- duration operations. 3. Flashing warning lights and/or flags may be used to call attention to the advance warning signs. A BE PREPARED TO STOP sign may be added to the sign series. ## Guidance: 4. The buffer space should be extended so that the two-way traffic taper is placed before a horizontal (or crest vertical) curve to provide adequate sight distance for the flagger and a queue of stopped vehicles. ## Standard: ## 5. At night, flagger stations shall be illuminated, except in emergencies. Guidance: 6. When used, the BE PREPARED TO STOP sign should be located between the Flagger sign and the ONE LANE ROAD sign. 7. When a grade crossing exists within or upstream of the transition area and it is anticipated that queues resulting from the lane closure might extend through the grade crossing, the TTC zone should be extended so that the transition area precedes the grade crossing. 8. When a grade crossing equipped with active warning devices exists within the activity area, provisions should be made for keeping flaggers informed as to the activation status of these warning devices. 9. When a grade crossing exists within the activity area, drivers operating on the left-hand side of the normal center line should be provided with comparable warning devices as for drivers operating on the right-hand side of the normal center line. 10. Early coordination with the Railroad Company or light rail transit agency should occur before work starts. Option: 11. A flagger or a uniformed law enforcement officer may be used at the grad…

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# Section 16: Traffic Control Layouts - Avalanche Control (cont.) ## Options: (cont.) Section 16: Traffic Control Layouts - Avalanche Control Ministry of BRITISH Transportation COLUMBIA and Infrastructure ## 16.2 Road Closure for Avalanche Control - Gates without TCPs ## Purpose: This layout shows the typical setup where the highway must be closed for avalanche control, and the existing gates are used, without Traffic Control Persons. ## Standard: • A Stop R-[redacted street address] Closed R-012 sign shall be clearly displayed on the gate as shown in the diagram. • Type B red flashing lights shall be erected on the gate. • The Avalanche Control C-057 sign and the Prepare to Stop C-029 sign shall have flags during the daytime. - A Stop Ahead C-111 sign shall be positioned in advance of the closed gates. ## Guidance: • If TCPs are not used, the avalanche barrier gates should be locked as authorized by the Ministry Avalanche Technician. • Overhead permanent dynamic message signs (DMS) should be used whenever possible to inform travellers of the road closures. - Additional portable dynamic message signs (DMS) may be used closer to the closure area to advise of closure periods, wait times, instructions for motorists in the waiting queue, and other details. See Section 4.3.3: DMS Fundamentals for sample messages and abbreviations. ## Options: • None at this time. Traffic Management Manual for Work on Roadways 2020 16-4