permit to work

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## §1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces. - (a) Scope and application. This section contains requirements for practices and procedures to protect employees in general industry from the hazards of entry into permit-required confined spaces. This section does not apply to agriculture, to construction, or to shipyard employment (parts 1928, 1926, and 1915 of this chapter, respectively). ## (b) Definitions. Acceptable entry conditions means the conditions that must exist in a permit space to allow entry and to ensure that employees involved with a permit-required confined space entry can safely enter into and work within the space. Attendant means an individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors the authorized entrants and who performs all attendant's duties assigned in the employer's permit space program. Authorized entrant means an employee who is authorized by the employer to enter a permit space. Blanking or blinding means the absolute closure of a pipe, line, or duct by the fastening of a solid plate (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind) that completely covers the bore and that is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line, or duct with no leakage beyond the plate. Confined space means a space that: - (1) Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and - (2) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry.); and - (3) Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. Double block and bleed means the closure of a line, duct, or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in-line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves. Emergency means any occurrence (including any failure of hazard control or monitoring equipment) or event internal or external to the permit …

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## Entry permit system - 47 (1) A person must not enter a confined space at a work site without a valid entry permit. - 47 (2) An employer must establish an entry permit system for a confined space that - (a) lists the name of each worker who enters the confined space and the reason for the worker's entry, - (b) gives the location of the confined space, - (c) specifies the time during which an entry permit is valid, - (d) takes into account the work being done in the confined space, and - (e) takes into account the code of practice requirements for entering, being in and leaving a confined space. - 47 (3) An employer must ensure that, before a worker enters a confined space, an entry permit is properly completed, signed by a competent person and a copy kept readily available. - 47 (4) Based on a review of similar confined spaces, an employer may issue an entry permit that can be used for a number of similar confined spaces. ## Safety and protection - generally - 48 (1) An employer must ensure that - (a) if a lifeline is required in a confined space or a restricted space, it is used in a manner that does not create an additional hazard, - (b) the safety and personal protective equipment required under this Code is available to workers entering a confined space or a restricted space, - (c) a worker who enters, occupies or leaves a confined space or restricted space uses the safety and personal protective equipment, - (d) the personal protective equipment and emergency equipment required under this Code is available to workers undertaking rescue operations in a confined space or restricted space, - (e) equipment appropriate to the confined space or restricted space, including personal protective equipment, is available to perform a timely rescue, and - (f) a communication system is established that is readily available to workers in a confined space or a restricted space and is appropriate to the hazards. - 48 (2) An employer must ensure that all personal protective…

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J Division 2 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (H) Names of entrants and current attendants. - (I) The signature of the original supervisor authorizing entry. - (J) The current entry supervisor. - (K) Communication procedures for entrants and attendants to maintain contact during the entry. - (L) Equipment provided for safe entry, such as: - (i) Personal protective equipment (PPE). - (ii) Testing and monitoring equipment. - (iii) Communications equipment. - (iv) Alarm systems. - (v) Rescue equipment. - (M) Rescue services available, and how to contact them. - (N) Other information needed for safety in the particular permit space. - (O) Additional permits issued for work in the space, such as for hot work. - (P) Any problems, if any, encountered during the entry. - (c) Perform initial testing for atmospheric hazards, where necessary, before entry is made. - (d) Provide each entrant or their authorized representative with the results of any initial testing before they enter the space. - (e) Maintain safe entry conditions for the duration of the entry. - (A) When the space is too large to isolate, or is part of a continuous system, such as a sewer, ensure continuous monitoring where entrants are working for the duration of the entry. - (B) When an entrant or their authorized representative has reason to believe that the testing or monitoring was inadequate, re-test the space. - (f) Follow all actions and precautions identified on the permit. - (g) When conditions require the space to be evacuated, do not allow re-entry unless you: - (A) Re-assess the conditions of the space to ensure it is safe for re-entry and ensure the permit reflects the evacuation and subsequent reassessment; or

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules AO 1-2025 Division 2 - (v) An employee reports of concerns about the effectiveness of the program. - (vi) Any other condition that affects employee safety or health. - (B) When revising the permit program to correct hazard-related deficiencies, do not allow entries into affected permit spaces to be made until the revisions are complete. - (C) Provide employees and their representatives access to the revised permit program. - (g) Review permits within one year of their cancellation to evaluate: - (A) The permit program. - (B) The protection provided to employees entering permit spaces. - (6) Permit Entry. - (a) Develop and implement procedures for issuing permits. Procedures must include how to: - (A) Evaluate the hazards of the space. - (B) Evaluate hazards of the work to be performed. - (C) Identify safe entry conditions. - (b) Entry permits must include the following information: - (A) The space to be entered. - (B) The purpose of the entry. - (C) The date, start, and stop times of the permit. - (D) The hazards of the space. - (E) Acceptable entry conditions. - (F) Results of initial tests and periodic monitoring performed to evaluate and identify the hazards and conditions of the space, or the period for continuous monitoring, accompanied by the names or initials of the testers and by an indication of when the tests were performed. - (G) Appropriate measures used before entry to isolate the space and eliminate or control hazards. - Examples of appropriate measures include the de-energizing and lockout or tagging of equipment, and procedures for purging, inerting, ventilating, and flushing permit spaces.

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## 4. Hot Work Permit The implementation of a permit system for hot work is intended to assure that employers maintain control over operations involving hot work and to assure that employees are aware of and utilize appropriate safeguards when conducting these activities. Precautions for hot work operations are specified in 29 CFR 1910.252(a), and include such safeguards as relocating the hot work operation to a safe location if possible, relocating or covering combustible material in the vicinity, providing fire extinguishers, and provisions for establishing a fire watch. Permits are not required for hot work operations conducted in the presence of the employer or the employer's authorized representative who would otherwise issue the permit, or in an employer authorized welding shop or when work is conducted outside and away from the facility. It should be noted that the permit is not a record, but is an authorization of the employer certifying that certain safety precautions have been implemented prior to the beginning of work operations. ## 5. Entry Into Bins, Silos, and Tanks In order to assure that employers maintain control over employee entry into bins, silos, and tanks, OSHA is requiring that the employer issue a permit for entry into bins, silos, and tanks unless the employer (or the employer's representative who would otherwise authorize the permit) is present at the entry and during the entire operation. Employees should have a thorough understanding of the hazards associated with entry into bins, silos, and tanks. Employees are not to be permitted to enter these spaces from the bottom when grain or other agricultural products are hung up or sticking to the sides which might fall and injure or kill an employee. Employees should be made aware that the atmosphere in bins, silos, and tanks can be oxygen deficient or toxic. Employees should be trained in the proper methods of testing the atmosphere, as well as in the appropriate procedures to be take…

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J Division 2 AO 1-2025 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (vii) Whenever there is a deviation from the established procedures or employee knowledge of the procedures is inadequate. - (B) Document employee training. Ensure the documentation: - (i) Contains the employee's name, the name and signature of the trainer, and the date of training. - (ii) Contains the responsibilities for which they were trained. - (iii) Is available for inspection by employees and their authorized representative. - (b) Ensure each employee is proficient in their assigned duties. - (c) Awareness training: - (A) Provide all employees whose work operations are or may be in an area where permit spaces are present with a basic overview of: - (i) The permit space program. - (ii) The entry permit system. - (iii) The alternate entry procedures, if used. Note: Awareness training is not required for employees whose exposure is negligible, such as office workers who walk in a parking lot that has a sewer manhole or workers entering a building with a baghouse near it, as long as those employees have no other exposures to permit spaces. Similarly, when all permit spaces cannot be accessed or opened by employees, awareness training is not required. An example of this are spaces that are locked or require a specialized tool, access to the key or tool is controlled, and access without the key or tool would require extraordinary means (such as a chop saw or cutting torch). ## (B) Provide this training: - (i) For all new affected employees. - (ii) For all employees whose duties change to include work in areas with permit spaces. - (iii) When inadequacies in an employee's knowledge indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding. - (iv) When there is a change in the permit program. - (v) When there are new or previously unidentified permit spaces. - (C) Ensure all employees understand how to recognize permit spaces in their work area.

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## 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA) - (1) The permit space to be entered; - (2) The purpose of the entry; - (3) The date and the authorized duration of the entry permit; - (4) The authorized entrants within the permit space, by name or by such other means (for example, through the use of rosters or tracking systems) as will enable the attendant to determine quickly and accurately, for the duration of the permit, which authorized entrants are inside the permit space; NOTE: This requirement may be met by inserting a reference on the entry permit as to the means used, such as a roster or tracking system, to keep track of the authorized entrants within the permit space. - (5) The personnel, by name, currently serving as attendants; - (6) The individual, by name, currently serving as entry supervisor, with a space for the signature or initials of the entry supervisor who originally authorized entry; - (7) The hazards of the permit space to be entered; - (8) The measures used to isolate the permit space and to eliminate or control permit space hazards before entry; - NOTE: Those measures can include the lockout or tagging of equipment and procedures for purging, inerting, ventilating, and flushing permit spaces. - (9) The acceptable entry conditions; - (10) The results of initial and periodic tests performed under paragraph (d)(5) of this section, accompanied by the names or initials of the testers and by an indication of when the tests were performed; - (11) The rescue and emergency services that can be summoned and the means (such as the equipment to use and the numbers to call) for summoning those services; - (12) The communication procedures used by authorized entrants and attendants to maintain contact during the entry; - (13) Equipment, such as personal protective equipment, testing equipment, communications equipment, alarm systems, and rescue equipment, to be provided for compliance with this section; - (14) Any other information whose inclusion is necessary, given the circu…

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## 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA) - (iv) Purging, inerting, flushing, or ventilating the permit space as necessary to eliminate or control atmospheric hazards; - (v) Providing pedestrian, vehicle, or other barriers as necessary to protect entrants from external hazards; and - (vi) Verifying that conditions in the permit space are acceptable for entry throughout the duration of an authorized entry. - (4) Provide the following equipment (specified in paragraphs (d)(4)(i) through (d)(4)(ix) of this section) at no cost to employees, maintain that equipment properly, and ensure that employees use that equipment properly: - (i) Testing and monitoring equipment needed to comply with paragraph (d)(5) of this section; - (ii) Ventilating equipment needed to obtain acceptable entry conditions; - (iii) Communications equipment necessary for compliance with paragraphs (h)(3) and (i)(5) of this section; - (iv) Personal protective equipment insofar as feasible engineering and work practice controls do not adequately protect employees; - (v) Lighting equipment needed to enable employees to see well enough to work safely and to exit the space quickly in an emergency; - (vi) Barriers and shields as required by paragraph (d)(3)(v) of this section. - (vii) Equipment, such as ladders, needed for safe ingress and egress by authorized entrants; - (viii) Rescue and emergency equipment needed to comply with paragraph (d)(9) of this section, except to the extent that the equipment is provided by rescue services; and - (ix) Any other equipment necessary for safe entry into and rescue from permit spaces. - (5) Evaluate permit space conditions as follows when entry operations are conducted: - (i) Test conditions in the permit space to determine if acceptable entry conditions exist before entry is authorized to begin, except that, if isolation of the space is infeasible because the space is large or is part of a continuous system (such as a sewer), pre-entry testing shall be performed to the extent feasibl…