Rigging scaffold racks
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Published by SALUSRigging and Erecting Scaffold Racks ===================================
Document Number: \[SWP-NUMBER]
Revision Date: \[DATE]
Next Review Date: \[NEXT REVIEW DATE]
Department: \[DEPARTMENT NAME]
1\. Scope
This safe work procedure (SWP) outlines the safety requirements for rigging and erecting scaffold racks, including inspection protocols and fall protection measures. It applies to all workers involved in these activities. This SWP aims to minimize the risks associated with scaffold erection and rigging, ensuring a safe working environment.
2\. Definitions
Competent Person A person who, because of knowledge, training, and experience, is able to judge the safety of the scaffold and is aware of the potential hazards. Scaffold A platform temporarily supported for workers to perform tasks at heights. Rigging The process of lifting and securing components using ropes, chains, and other equipment.
3\. Responsibilities
3\.2 Workers
- Workers must use a vertical ladder that gives access to a working level of scaffold only to move up or down between levels of the scaffold. Workers must not extend a part of their body, other than an arm, beyond the side rails of the ladder, and must maintain a 3-point stance on the ladder at all times. [3]
- Workers must not perform work from a ladder that is used to give access to the working levels of a scaffold. [3]
4\. Potential Hazards and Risks
| Hazard | Risk | Control Measures |
|---|---|---|
| Falls from heights during scaffold erection and use. | Serious injury or death. | Ensure proper training, use fall arrest systems, inspect harnesses and lanyards, provide guardrails. |
| Scaffold collapse due to overloading or improper assembly. | Serious injury or death. | Inspect scaffold components, ensure proper load distribution, use correct assembly techniques, and follow manufacturer's instructions. |
| Falling objects striking workers below. | Head injuries, lacerations, or death. | Use tag lines, establish exclusion zones, secure materials, and provide overhead protection. |
| Musculoskeletal injuries from manual handling of scaffold components. | Strains, sprains, and back injuries. | Inspect tools and equipment, use proper lifting techniques, and wear appropriate PPE. |
| Electrocution from contact with overhead power lines. | Burns, cardiac arrest, or death. | Maintain safe distances from power lines, use insulated tools, and ensure proper grounding. |
| Slips, trips, and falls due to poor visibility. | Minor to serious injuries. | Provide adequate lighting, use reflective clothing, and ensure clear communication. |
| Equipment malfunction during scaffold erection or dismantling. | Crushing injuries or lacerations. | Implement lockout/tagout procedures, inspect equipment, and ensure proper training. |
5\. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
All PPE must be inspected before each use to ensure it is in good condition and fits properly.
- Hard Hat: Provides head protection from falling objects and impacts.
- Safety Glasses: Protects eyes from dust, debris, and other particles.
- Steel-Toed Boots: Provides foot protection from falling objects and sharp edges.
- Fall Arrest Harness: Prevents falls from heights; must be inspected before each use.
- Work Gloves: Provides hand protection when handling scaffold components.
6\. Equipment and Tools
All equipment and tools must be inspected before use to ensure they are in good working condition.
- Crane or Forklift: Used for lifting heavy scaffold components; must be inspected regularly.
- Wrenches and Hand Tools: Essential for assembling and disassembling scaffold structures.
- Levels and Plumb Bobs: Used to ensure scaffold components are level and plumb.
- Measuring Tape: For measuring distances and ensuring correct scaffold dimensions.
7\. Pre-Job Requirements
7\.1 Training and Competency
Training and Competency: All workers must be trained and competent in scaffold erection, rigging, and fall protection. Training records must be maintained.
7\.2 Pre-Job Briefing
Pre-Job Briefing: Conduct a pre-job briefing to discuss the scope of work, potential hazards, and safety measures. Ensure all workers understand the SWP.
7\.3 Work Area Preparation
Work Area Preparation: Ensure the work area is clear of obstructions, hazards, and unauthorized personnel. Establish a clear and level foundation for the scaffold.
8\. Safe Work Procedure Steps
- Pre-Job Briefing: Review the SWP, identify potential hazards, and ensure all workers understand their roles and responsibilities.
- Inspect Scaffold Components: Inspect all scaffold components for damage, corrosion, or defects. Do not use any damaged components.
- Prepare the Foundation: Ensure the ground is level and stable. Use base plates and mud sills to distribute the load evenly.
- Erect Scaffold Frame: Erect the scaffold according to the manufacturer's instructions and under the supervision of a competent person. Ensure all connections are secure.
- Install Fall Protection: Install guardrails, midrails, and toeboards on all open sides and ends of the scaffold platform to prevent falls and protect workers below.
- Provide Safe Access: Use appropriate access methods such as ladders or stairs. Ensure they are securely attached to the scaffold.
- Final Inspection: Check that the scaffold is level, plumb, and stable. Make any necessary adjustments.
- Tag the Scaffold: Ensure the scaffold is properly tagged to indicate its status (safe for use, under construction, or out of service).
- Maintain a Safe Work Area: Keep the scaffold platform clear of debris, tools, and excess materials to prevent tripping hazards and overloading.
- Dismantle Scaffold Safely: Dismantle the scaffold in reverse order of erection, under the supervision of a competent person. Ensure components are lowered safely.
9\. Precautions and Safety Measures
- Ensure that a competent person inspects the scaffold before each work shift and after any event that could affect its structural integrity. [2]
- Provide all employees with training on scaffold safety, including erection, dismantling, and fall protection. [4]
- Ensure that scaffolds are not erected, used, dismantled, or altered except under the supervision and direction of a competent person. [1]
- Protect employees from falling objects by installing toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems. [7]
- Prohibit work on or from scaffolds during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined it is safe. [2]
10\. Emergency Procedures
10\.1 General Emergency Response
In the event of an emergency, immediately stop work and evacuate the scaffold. Administer first aid and call emergency services if necessary.
10\.3 Emergency Contact Information
Emergency contact information should be readily available on site.
11\. Incident Reporting and Investigation
Report all incidents, including near misses, to the supervisor immediately. Conduct a thorough investigation to determine the root cause and implement corrective actions.
The investigation should involve interviewing witnesses, inspecting the site, and reviewing relevant documentation.
Approved by: \[NAME AND POSITION]
Date: \[APPROVAL DATE]
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Sources used for this answer
[1] Occupational Health and Safety Code (Alberta Regulation 191/2021)
Page 187
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Part 23 Scaffolds and Temporary Work Platforms Scaffolds (cont.) ## Tagging requirements (cont.) Section 327 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE Part 23 AR 191/2021 326(7) Subsection (6) does not apply to a competent worker who is involved in the erection, inspection or dismantling of a scaffold. 326(8) Repealed. ## Vertical ladder on scaffold 327(1) An employer must ensure that a vertical ladder that gives access to a working level of scaffold is used by a worker only to move up or down between levels of the scaffold. - 327(2) Workers moving between levels of a scaffold on a vertical ladder (a) must not extend a part of their body, other than an arm, beyond the side rails of the ladder, and 23-3 (b) must maintain a 3-point stance on the ladder at all times. - 327(3) The employer must ensure that a ladder attached to a scaffold and providing access to a working level of a scaffold (a) is securely fastened to the scaffold, (b) does not lean away from the scaffold, (c) extends at least 1 metre above the uppermost working level of the scaffold, (d) has rungs that are uniformly spaced at a centre-to-centre distance of 250 millimetres to 305 millimetres, (e) has a maximum unbroken length of 9.1 metres measured from the ground or between working levels, and (f) is equipped with a ladder cage that begins within 2.4 metres of the ground or working level if the ladder is more than 6.1 metres in height. - 327(4) The employer must ensure that the ladder cage required by subsection (3)(f) is (a) circular with an inside diameter that measures no more than 760 millimetres, or (b) square with inside dimensions that measure no more than 760 millimetres by 760 millimetres. - 327(5) Despite subsection (3)(e) and (f), the ladder may have a maximum unbroken length of more than 9.1 metres and does not require a ladder cage if a fall protection system complying with Part 9 is used. ## Working from a ladder - 328(1) An employer must ensure that no wor…
[2] Safety Standards for General Safety and Health Standards (Chapter 296-24 WAC)
Page 376
Open source documentSource excerpt
# Chapter 296-24 WAC General Safety and Health Standards (cont.) Chapter 296-24 WAC General Safety and Health Standards Part J-2 Scaffolds Specifications (30.48 cm). In the event the open space on either side of the rope exceeds 12 inches (30.48 cm), a second wire or synthetic rope appropriately placed, or guardrails in accordance with WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] (7)(d), must be installed in order to reduce that open space to less than 12 inches (30.48 cm). (4) Scaffold planks of rough full-dimensioned 2-inch (5.1 cm) X 12-inch (30.5 cm) Douglas Fir or Southern Yellow Pine of Select Structural Grade must be used. Douglas Fir planks must have a fiber stress of at least 1900 lb/in(2) (130,929 n/cm(2)) and a modulus of elasticity of at least 1,900,000 lb/in(2) (130,929,000 n/cm(2)), while Yellow Pine planks must have a fiber stress of at least 2500 lb/in(2) (172,275 n/cm(2)) and a modulus of elasticity of at least 2,000,000 lb/in(2) (137,820,000 n/cm(2)). (5) Guardrails must be constructed of a taut wire or synthetic rope, and must be supported by angle irons attached to brackets welded to the steel plates. These guardrails must comply with WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] (7)(d) guardrail supports must be located at no greater than 10 feet 6 inch intervals. ## Nonmandatory Appendix C to Part J-2, List of National Consensus Standards. ANSI/SIA A92.2-1990 Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial Devices ANSI/SIA A92.3-1990 Manually Propelled Elevating Aerial Platforms ANSI/SIA A92.5-1990 Boom Supported Elevating Work Platforms ANSI/SIA A92.6-1990 Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms ANSI/SIA A92.7-1990 Airline Ground Support Vehicle-Mounted Vertical Lift Devices ANSI/SIA A92.8-1993 Vehicle-Mounted Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Devices ANSI/SIA A92.9-1993 Mast-Climbing Work Platforms ## Nonmandatory Appendix D to Part J-2, List of Training Topics for Scaffold Erectors and Dismantlers. This Appendix D is provided to serve as a guide to assist e…
[3] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
Page 34
Open source documentSource excerpt
# 1926.451 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (cont.) ## 1926.451(g) "Fall protection." (cont.) - 1926.451(g)(4)(xiv) Manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for toprails or midrails shall be inspected by a competent person as frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of paragraph (g) of this section. - 1926.451(g)(4)(xv) Crossbracing is acceptable in place of a midrail when the crossing point of two braces is between 20 inches (0.5 m) and 30 inches (0.8 m) above the work platform or as a toprail when the crossing point of two braces is between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 48 inches (1.3 m) above the work platform. The end points at each upright shall be no more than 48 inches (1.3 m) apart. - 1926.451(h) "Falling object protection." 1926.451(h)(1) In addition to wearing hardhats each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. When the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures, the employer shall place such potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they could fall and shall secure those materials as necessary to prevent their falling. - 1926.451(h)(2) Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold and striking employees below, the following provisions apply: - 1926.451(h)(2)(i) The area below the scaffold to which objects can fall shall be barricaded, and employees shall not be permitted to enter the hazard area; or 1926.451(h)(2)(ii) A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffol…
[4] OSHA Construction Industry Standards Requiring Programs, Inspections, Procedures Records and/or Training (NCDOL)
Page 134
Open source documentSource excerpt
# 29 CFR Subpart L-Scaffolds # 1926.451-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Scope/Application: This section applies to all scaffolds used in workplaces covered by this part. Exception: It does not apply to crane or derrick suspended personnel platforms. The criteria for aerial lifts are set out exclusively in Sec. 1926.453 [Aerial Lifts]. ## STANDARD HIGHLIGHTS - Inspections and Tests-evaluations, competent person, inspected every occurrence and workshift - Recordkeeping-design - Training and Communications-trained employees - Competent Person-inspections, evaluations - Qualified Person-engineer designs ## Inspections and Tests 1926.451(b)(11)-Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals shall not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component to a level below that required by paragraph (a)(1) [Capacity] of this section. 1926.451(d)(3)(i)-Before the scaffold is used, direct connections shall be evaluated by a competent person who shall confirm, based on the evaluation, that the supporting surfaces are capable of supporting the loads to be imposed. In addition, masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold connections shall be designed by an engineer experienced in such scaffold design. 1926.451(d)(10)-Ropes shall be inspected for defects by a competent person prior to each workshift and after every occurrence which could affect a rope's integrity. 1926.451(d)(12)(iv)-Clips shall be inspected and retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations at the start of each workshift thereafter. 1926.451(d)(13)-Suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manual hoists shall be tested by a qualified testing laboratory. 1926.451(d)(18)-Two-point and multi-point suspension scaffolds shall be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined to be necessary based on an evaluation by a competent person. Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for this purpose. 1926.451(e…
[5] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)
Page 5
Open source documentSource excerpt
# CONSTRUCTION STANDARD (cont.) ## R 408.[redacted postal code] Access to scaffold platforms. (cont.) - R 408.[redacted postal code] Accumulation of tools, material, or debris prohibited; weather conditions; slippery conditions; electrical hazards; rope protection; fall protection. - Rule 1212. (1) Excess tools, materials, and debris shall not be permitted to accumulate on a scaffold to create a hazard. (2) Work on or from scaffolds is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for employees to be on scaffold and that the employees are protected by a personal fall arrest system. Wind screens shall not be used unless the scaffold is secured against the anticipated wind forces imposed. a (3) A scaffold shall be kept free of slippery conditions such as those caused by ice, snow, oil, grease, or other slippery compounds. (4) An employee shall not be allowed within 10 feet of uninsulated electrical energized lines. (5) Before a scaffold is erected within 10 feet of a power line all of the following requirements shall be met, as applicable: (a) The utility or property owner is consulted. (b) A power line or electrical apparatus is considered energized unless the property owner or utility indicates it is de-energized and the line or apparatus is visibly grounded. If de-energizing is impractical and the equipment is exposed to contact by an employee, the minimum clearances in table 1 shall be maintained between the scaffold, employee, or material, whichever is closer. (c) The requirements for employees performing power transmission and distribution work, electrical work, or telecommunications work are found in Construction Safety Standard Part 16. "Power Transmission and Distribution," Construction Safety Standard Part 17. "Electrical Installations," and in Construction Safety and Health Standard Part 30. "Telecommunications for Constructions," as referenced in R 408.[redacted postal code]. (6) Table 1 …
[6] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)
Page 537
Open source documentSource excerpt
# GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (cont.) L # GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (vii) Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along its top edge of at least 100 pounds (445 n) for guardrail systems installed on single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds or two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and at least 200 pounds (890 n) for guardrail systems installed on all other scaffolds. (viii) When the loads specified in paragraph (g)(4)(vii) of this section are applied in a downward direction, the top edge shall not drop below the height above the platform surface that is prescribed in paragraph (g)(4)(ii) of this section. (ix) Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and equivalent structural members of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the midrail or other member of at least 75 pounds (333 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 100 pound toprail capacity, and at least 150 pounds (666 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 200 pound toprail capacity. (x) Suspension scaffold hoists and non-walkthrough stirrups may be used as end guardrails, if the space between the hoist or stirrup and the side guardrail or structure does not allow passage of an employee to the end of the scaffold. (xi) Guardrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. (xii) The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. (xiii) Steel or plastic banding shall not be used as a toprail or midrail. (xiv) Manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for toprails or midrails …
[7] OSHA Construction Industry Standards Requiring Programs, Inspections, Procedures Records and/or Training (NCDOL)
Page 135
Open source documentSource excerpt
# 1926.451-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (cont.) ## Inspections and Tests (cont.) 1926.451(g)(2)-Effective September 2, 1997, the employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. 1926.451(g)(4)(xiv)-Manila. or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for toprails or midrails shall be inspected by a competent person as frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of paragraph (g) [Fall Protection] of this section. ## Recordkeeping 1926.451(d)(3)(i)-Before the scaffold is used, direct connections shall be evaluated by a competent person who shall confirm, based on the evaluation, that the supporting surfaces are capable of supporting the loads to be imposed. In addition, masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold connections shall be designed by an engineer experienced in such scaffold design. 1926.451(d)(12)(iv)-Clips shall be inspected and retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations at the start of each workshift thereafter. ## Training and Communications 1926.451(f)(7)-Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. ## Competent Person 1926.451(b)(10)-Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be intermixed unless the components fit together without force and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained by the user. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be modified i…
[8] OSHA Construction Industry Standards Requiring Programs, Inspections, Procedures Records and/or Training (NCDOL)
Page 136
Open source documentSource excerpt
# 1926.451-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (cont.) ## Competent Person (cont.) 1926.451(f)(3)-Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be inspected for visible defects by a competent person before each work shift, and after any occurrence which could affect a scaffold's structural integrity. 1926.451(f)(7)-Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. 1926.451(f)(12)-Work on or from scaffolds is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for employees to be on the scaffold and those employees are protected by a personal fall arrest system or wind screens. Wind screens shall not be used unless the scaffold is secured against the anticipated wind forces imposed. 1926.451(g)(2)-Effective September 2, 1997, the employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. 1926.451(g)(4)(xiv)-Manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for toprails or midrails shall be inspected by a competent person as frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of paragraph (g) [Fall Protection] of this section. ## Qualified Person 1926.451(d)(3)(i)-Before the scaffold is used, direct connections shall be evaluated by a competent person who shall confirm, based on the evaluation, that the supporting surfaces are capable of supporting the loads to be imposed. In addition, masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffol…
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