Shoring

Source excerpt

## 29 CFR 1926 (OSHA) Failure means the breakage, displacement, or permanent deformation of a structural member or connection so as to reduce its structural integrity and its supportive capabilities. Hazardous atmosphere means an atmosphere which by reason of being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, oxygen deficient, toxic, or otherwise harmful, may cause death, illness, or injury. Kickout means the accidental release or failure of a cross brace. Protective system means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins, from material that could fall or roll from an excavation face or into an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent structures. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection. Ramp means an inclined walking or working surface that is used to gain access to one point from another, and is constructed from earth or from structural materials such as steel or wood. Registered Professional Engineer means a person who is registered as a professional engineer in the state where the work is to be performed. However, a professional engineer, registered in any state is deemed to be a 'registered professional engineer' within the meaning of this standard when approving designs for 'manufactured protective systems' or 'tabulated data' to be used in interstate commerce. Sheeting means the members of a shoring system that retain the earth in position and in turn are supported by other members of the shoring system. Shield (Shield system) means a structure that is able to withstand the forces imposed on it by a cavein and thereby protect employees within the structure. Shields can be permanent structures or can be designed to be portable and moved along as work progresses. Additionally, shields can be either premanufactured or job-built in accordance with §1926.652 (c)(3) or (c)(4). Shields used in trenches are usually referred to…

Source excerpt

<!-- image --> Division 3 AO 1-2003 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(3). Hist: APD Admin. Order 4-1989, f. 3/31/89, ef. 5/1/89 (temp). APD Admin. Order 8-1989, f. 7/7/89, ef. 7/7/89 (perm). ## 1926.703 Requirements for Cast-in-place Concrete - (a) General requirements for formwork. - (1) Formwork shall be designed, fabricated, erected, supported, braced and maintained so that it will be capable of supporting without failure all vertical and lateral loads that may reasonably be anticipated to be applied to the formwork. Formwork which is designed, fabricated, erected, supported, braced and maintained in conformance with the Appendix to this section will be deemed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. - (2) Drawings or plans, including all revisions, for the jack layout, formwork (including shoring equipment), working decks, and scaffolds, shall be available at the jobsite. - (b) Shoring and reshoring. - (1) All shoring equipment (including equipment used in reshoring operations) shall be inspected prior to erection to determine that the equipment meets the requirements specified in the formwork drawings. - (2) Shoring equipment found to be damaged such that its strength is reduced to less than that required by 1926.703(a)(1) shall not be used for shoring. - (3) Erected shoring equipment shall be inspected immediately prior to, during, and immediately after concrete placement. - (4) Shoring equipment that is found to be damaged or weakened after erection, such that its strength is reduced to less than that required by 1926.703(a)(1), shall be immediately reinforced. - (5) The sills for shoring shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load. - (6) All base plates, shore heads, extension devices, and adjustment screws shall be in firm contact, and secured when necessary, with the foundation and the form. - (7) Eccentric loads on shore heads and simila…

Source excerpt

## Bracing and supports - 154 (1) An employer at a project shall ensure that - (a) work is completed on any component designed to support or give added support to a part of the project before proceeding with any work that adds to the load on that part; - (b) a free standing wall of brick, concrete blocks or similar materials greater than 2 m in height is braced from both sides until the wall is attached to a rigid structure and the mortar has set adequately; - (c) a free standing wall or structure designed to support roof components or any load is braced in an adequate manner to prevent collapse of the wall or structure; and - (d) a column is erected in an adequate manner to prevent collapse of the column and, where further support is required to ensure that the column does not collapse, braced in an adequate manner. - (2) An employer at a project shall use bracing or shoring for support beneath floor levels where concrete is being poured. - (3 ) An employer at a project shall - (a) ensure that bracing or shoring is designed by an engineer and is erected, maintained and dismantled in accordance with the engineer's certified specifications; or - (b) retain the bracing or shoring at all floor levels beneath the floor where concrete is being poured until the removal of the bracing or shoring is authorized in writing by an engineer. - (4) An employer shall ensure that any bracing or shoring referred to in this Section complies with the latest version of CSA standard CSA S.269.1, 'Falsework for Construction Purposes.' Subsection 154(4) amended: O.I.C. 2013-65, N.S. Reg. 53/2013. - (5) An employer shall ensure that footings for shoring and bracing are designed to support the maximum load likely to be imposed, without excessive settlement or deformation. ## By-stander safety \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Source excerpt

- 457 (4) Despite section 456, an employer may install additional protection certified by a professional engineer in trenches to compensate for passing vehicular traffic, working machinery or a heavy object placed within a distance equal to the depth of the trench, measured from the near edge of the bottom of the trench to the traffic, machinery or heavy object. - 457 (5) Despite section 456, an employer may install additional protection certified by a professional engineer in a trench to compensate for the stress created because the trench is adjacent to or abuts a building or other structure. ## Installation of shoring, stringers or bracing - 458 (1) An employer must ensure that a worker who installs shoring, stringers or bracing uses a ladder and works down from the top of the trench, installing each brace in descending order. - 458 (2) An employer must ensure that a worker who removes shoring, stringers or bracing uses a ladder and works upward from the bottom of the trench, removing each brace in ascending order. - 458 (3) A worker must install shoring, stringers or bracing in accordance with subsection (1) and remove them in accordance with subsection (2). - 458 (4) Despite subsections (2) and (3), if the quality of the ground in which a trench has been dug has deteriorated during operations to the extent that it is unsafe to use the method of removal required by subsection (2), an employer must ensure that the shoring, stringers or bracing are removed using a method that does not require the worker to be in the trench. ## Access for powered mobile equipment - 459 An employer must ensure that the open side of an excavation or a route used by powered mobile equipment to gain access to an excavation has a barrier high enough to stop the equipment from sliding or rolling into the excavation. ## Dumping block - 460 An employer must ensure that if powered mobile equipment may go over a bank or enter a dump opening while it is discharging its load, the equipme…

Source excerpt

## OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY, 2020 - (3) An employer or contractor shall ensure that a temporary protective structure in an excavation more than 3 metres deep is designed and certified as safe by a professional engineer and installed, used, maintained and dismantled in accordance with that design. 31 Dec 2020 c S-15.1 Reg 10 s17-6. ## Protection against cave-in of trenches - 17-7 (1) If a worker is present in a trench that is more than 1.2 metres deep, an employer or contractor shall ensure that the worker is protected from cave-ins or sliding material by: - (a) cutting back the upper portion of the walls of the trench in accordance with subsection 17-4(2); - (b) installing a temporary protective structure; or - (c) a combination of cutting back the walls to the slope specified in subsection 17-4(2) and installing a temporary protective structure that extends at least 300 millimetres above the base of the cut-back. - (2) An employer or contractor shall ensure that a temporary protective structure required by clause (1) (b) or (c) is: - (a) designed and installed using shoring made of number 1 structural grade spruce lumber having the dimensions set out in Table 14 of the Appendix for the type of soil and the depth of the trench or made of material of equivalent or greater strength; or - (b) designed by a professional engineer and constructed, installed, used, maintained and dismantled in accordance with that design. - (3) An employer or contractor shall ensure that a temporary protective structure in a trench more than 6 metres deep in type 1, type 2 or type 3 soil or in a trench more than 4 metres deep in type 4 soil is designed and certified as safe by a professional engineer and installed, used, maintained and dismantled in accordance with that design. - (4) An employer or contractor shall ensure that: - (a) shoring is installed and removed in a manner that protects workers from cave-ins and structural collapses and from being struck …

Source excerpt

## Support where heavy equipment used near edge 181 (3) Where powered mobile equipment or a mobile crane is used near the edge of an excavation or trench, an employer shall ensure that any shoring, bracing or ca -ging for the excavation or trench is adequate to support the increased pressure. ## Certificate of engineer respecting support 181 (4) An employer shall ensure that shoring, bracing or caging for an excavation or trench is certified as ade -quate by an engineer and shall make the proof of the cer -tification available to an officer on request. 2001-33 ## Entering excavation or trench 182 (1) An employer shall ensure that an employee does not, and no employee shall, enter an excavation or trench 1.2 m or more in depth unless - (a) the walls of the excavation or trench are sup -ported by shoring, bracing or caging, the excavation or trench is cut in solid rock or the excavation or trench is sloped or benched to within 1.2 m of the bot -tom of the excavation or trench with the slope not ex -ceeding 1 m of vertical rise to each 1 m of horizontal run, - (b) subsections 181(2), (3) and (4) have been com -plied with, - (c) loose material that may fall into the excavation or trench has been removed, and - (d) a ladder that extends at least 1 m above the ex -cavation or trench is installed no more than 15 m from where the employee is working or some other safe means of access and egress is provided. - 182 (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), an employee may enter an excavation 1.2 m or more in depth to install bracing if the employee remains a distance from the face of the excavation equal to or greater than the depth of the excavation. ## Soutènement des parois si utilisation de matériel lourd 181 (3) Lorsqu'un équipement mobile à moteur ou une grue mobile est utilisé près du bord d'une excavation ou d'une tranchée, l'employeur doit s'assurer que tout étayage, tout étrésillonnement ou tout encagemen…