Situational awareness for construction

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## 4. Enforcement In the event of violations, citations shall be recommended and civil assessments derived in accordance with procedures set forth in Chapters 4, 5 and 6. ## C. Employer Workplace Inspections of employers in the construction industry are not easily separable into distinct establishments. The establishment is generally the site where the construction is being performed (e.g., the building site, the dam site). Where the construction site extends over a large geographical area (e.g., road construction), the entire job will be considered a single worksite. In cases when such large geographical areas overlap between states, only operations of the employer within the State of Utah will be considered as the worksite of the employer for UOSH inspection purposes. In such cases, the Director or designee may consult with the applicable Federal or other State Plan OSHA Office and refer potential safety and/or health hazards if warranted. For instructions regarding multi-employer worksites, see Chapter 12, Section I. ## D. Advance Notice ## 1. General The same general policies and procedures on advance notice set forth in Chapter 3 are applicable to construction inspections. Thus, in general, advance notice will be given only where it will enhance the effectiveness of the inspection. ## 2. Authorized When advance notice is authorized, the CSHO shall contact the general contractor's office by telephone. If there is more than one general contractor (e.g., if two or more general contractors have formed a joint venture for purposes of the job in question), the CSHO shall attempt to ascertain the identity of all such general contractors and contact each of them. The general contractor(s) shall be told to advise all subcontractors working on the job that the inspection will take place. The general contractor shall also be asked to advise the labor organizations representing employees and to instruct each subcontractor to take similar action, in accorda…

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## Part 12 General Safety Precautions ## Housekeeping 185 An employer must ensure that a work site is kept clean and free from materials or equipment that could cause workers to slip or trip. ## Lighting 186 (1) An employer must ensure that lighting at a work site is sufficient to enable work to be done safely. 186 (2) An employer must ensure that a light source above a working or walking surface is protected against damage. - 186 (3) An employer must ensure that there is emergency lighting at a work site if workers are in danger if the normal lighting system fails. - 186 (4) Emergency lighting must generate enough light so that workers can - (a) leave the work site safely, - (b) start the necessary emergency shut-down procedures, and - (c) restore normal lighting. ## Pallets and storage racks 187 (1) An employer must ensure that pallets used to transport or store materials or containers are loaded, moved, stacked, arranged and stored in a manner that does not create a danger to workers. - 187 (2) An employer must ensure that racks used to store materials or equipment - (a) are designed, constructed and maintained to support the load placed on them, and - (b) are placed on firm foundations that can support the load. - 187 (3) A worker must report any damage to a storage rack to an employer as quickly as practicable. - 187 (4) The employer and the workers at a work site must take all reasonable steps to prevent storage racks from being damaged to the extent that their integrity as structures is compromised. ## Placement of roofing materials - 187.1 (1) An employer must ensure that supplies and roofing materials stored on the roof of a residential building under construction are located not less than 2 metres from a roof edge. - 187.1 (2) An employer must ensure that the weight of supplies and roofing materials referred to in subsection (1) is uniformly distributed.

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Division 2 - 1910.268 (d)(2) If work exposes energized or moving parts that are normally protected, danger signs shall be displayed and barricades erected as necessary, to warn other personnel in the area. - [redacted phone] (2) Employee protection in public work areas - (b) Once a work area has been established, it shall be the employer's responsibility to provide adequate supervision and periodic surveillance to assure that the above requirements are met. - [redacted phone] (3) Before work is performed on overhead lines, underground (such as in manholes), or in buried plants, the employer or designated representative shall make a complete evaluation of the work location to determine if a hazard exists or could be created in the performance of the work. The employer or designated representative shall determine from this evaluation, a safe procedure for performing the work and those means or methods shall be implemented before the work proceeds. Examples of possible work site conditions that may be hazardous include, but are not limited to: - (a) Manhole, pit, and pole locations, street intersections, alleys and isolated areas; - (b) Weather and road conditions (such as ice, snow, and rain); - (c) Visibility; - (d) Time of day; - (e) Manhole atmosphere conditions (such as explosive gases, exhaust fumes, and oxygen deficiency); - (f) Jointly occupied manholes with foreign utilities; and - (g) Power hazards. - 1910.268 (d)(3) The employer shall insure that an employee finding any crossed or fallen wires which create or may create a hazardous situation at the work area: - (i) Remains on guard or adopts other adequate means to warn other employees of the danger and - (ii) has the proper authority notified at the earliest practical moment.

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［ ## WORKSITES IN URBAN AREAS Set up barricades to prevent unauthorized personnel and/or vehicles from entering the worksite. If working near a road, use a signal person and signs to alert vehicles and pedestrians of potential hazards and falling objects. If needed, use a signal person to direct traffic. The operator should always be alert and follow the signals from the signal person. The operator shall respond to signals only from the appointed signal person, but shall obey a stop signal from anyone at any time. <!-- image -->

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- a. Authorized Representative. Each employer is entitled to select an authorized representative to accompany the CSHO during the inspection. Similarly, the employees of each employer have the right to select an authorized representative for this purpose. If the job is organized, then the labor organization representing the employees shall select the authorized employee representative. If there is no representative, the CSHO shall normally interview a reasonable number of employees to determine whether hazards exist. A reasonable number of employees shall include at least some employees of each employer and each trade on the job. - b. Employee Interviews . Pursuant to UAC R614-1-6.J., during the walkaround the CSHO shall consult with individual employees as well as the employee representative concerning working conditions, as judged appropriate by the CSHO. - c. Walkaround Provisions. A representative of the employer and a representative authorized by employees shall be given an opportunity to accompany the CSHO during the physical inspection for the purpose of aiding such inspection. The representative(s) authorized by employees may be an employee of the employer or a third party. When the representative(s) authorized by employees is not an employee of the employer, they may accompany the CSHO during the inspection if, in the judgment of the CSHO, good cause has been shown why accompaniment by a third party is reasonably necessary to the conduct of an effective and thorough physical inspection of the workplace (including but not limited to because of their relevant knowledge, skills, or experience with hazards or conditions in the workplace or similar workplaces, or language or communication skills). More than one employer and/or employee representative may accompany the CSHO throughout or during any phase of an inspection if the CSHO determines such additional representatives will aid, and not interfere with, the inspection. However, if the CSHO determine…

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- i. There appears to be an imminent danger and advance notice is needed to enable the employer to correct the danger as quickly as possible. - ii. The inspection can most effectively be conducted after regular business hours or where special preparations are necessary - iii. The DM determines that the presence of the employer, the representative of the employees or the appropriate personnel are needed to aid in the inspection; or - iv. The DM determines that giving advance notice will increase the probability of carrying out an effective and thorough inspection. - B. When an advance notice of an inspection is received, the employer shall give notice of the inspection to the representative of the employees if the employer knows the identity of the representative. If the identity of the representative is not known, the employer shall notify a reasonable number of employees. - C. If the inspection is in response to a formal NRS 618.425 complaint, the complainant will be informed of the inspection unless this will cause a delay in speeding the elimination of the hazard. - c. IMMINENT DANGER INSPECTION PROCEDURES All alleged imminent danger situations brought to the attention of or discovered by CSHOs while conducting any inspection will be inspected immediately. Additional inspection activity will take place after the imminent danger condition has been resolved. - 1. Scope of Inspection - CSHOs may consider expanding the scope of an imminent danger inspection based on additional hazards discovered or brought to their attention during the inspection. - 2. Procedures for Inspection - A. Every imminent danger inspection will be conducted as quickly as possible. - B. CSHOs will offer the employer and employee representatives the opportunity to participate in the worksite inspection, unless the immediacy of the hazard makes it impractical to delay the inspection in order to afford time to reach the area of the alleged imminent danger. - C. Tell the employer of the hazard(s)…

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- 3. An exposing employer must exercise reasonable care to discover a hazard by demonstrating is has regularly and diligently inspected the worksite. - 4. If the exposing employer has the authority to correct or remove the hazard, it must correct or remove the hazard with reasonable diligence. If the exposing employer lacks such authority, it may still be cited if it fails to do each of the following: - a. Make a good effort to ask the creating and/or controlling employer to correct the hazard; - b. Inform its employees of the hazard; and - c. Take reasonable alternative measures, consistent with its authority on the worksite, to protect its employees. - 5. EXAMPLE 3: Employer Sub S is responsible for inspecting and cleaning a work area in Plant P around a large, permanent hole at the end of each day. An OSHA standard requires guardrails. There are no guardrails around the hole and Sub S employees do not use personal fall protection, although it would be feasible to do so. Sub S has no authority to install guardrails. However, it did ask Employer P, which operates the plant, to install them. P refused to install guardrails. Analysis: Step 1: Sub S is an exposing employer because its employees are exposed to the fall hazard. - Step 2: While Sub S has no authority to install guardrails, it is required to comply with UOSH requirements to the extent feasible. It must take steps to protect its employees and ask the employer that controls the hazard - Employer P - to correct it. Although Sub S asked for guardrails, since the hazard was not corrected, Sub S was responsible for taking reasonable alternative protective steps, such as providing personal fall protection. Because that was not done, Sub S is citable for the violation. - 6. EXAMPLE 4: Unprotected rebar on either side of an access ramp presents an impalement hazard. Sub E, an electrical subcontractor, does not have the authority to cover the rebar. However, several times Sub E asked the general contra…

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- 191 (3) A designated signaller using hand signals must wear the high-visibility safety apparel required by the employer under subsection (2). - 191 (4) Before giving a signal to proceed, a designated signaller must ensure that there are no hazards in the vicinity. - 191 (5) If a signaller is designated, an equipment operator must take signals only from the designated signaller. - 191 (6) An employer must ensure that only one designated signaller at a time gives signals to an equipment operator. - 191 (7) Despite subsections (5) and (6), an equipment operator must take a 'STOP' signal from a worker who is not a designated signaller. - 191 (8) Despite subsections (5) and (6), if signals cannot be transmitted properly between a designated signaller and an equipment operator, an employer must ensure that - (a) additional designated signallers are available to transmit signals, or - (b) a means of ensuring clear and complete communication other than using designated signallers is provided. ## Stabilizing masonry walls - 192 An employer must ensure that temporary supporting structures - (a) are used to stabilize a masonry wall that is more than 2 metres high during its erection, and - (b) are not removed until the wall is permanently stabilized. ## Tire servicing - 193 (1) An employer must ensure that a competent worker services, inspects, disassembles and reassembles a tire or tire and wheel assembly in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. - 193 (2) An employer must ensure that the manufacturer's service manuals for tires and wheels serviced by the employer are readily available to workers. - 193 (3) An employer must ensure that a competent worker inflates a tire mounted on a split-rim or locking ring wheel only if - (a) the wheel assembly is in a tire cage or is similarly restrained, and - (b) flying parts from split-rim or locking ring failure or tire rupture can be contained. - 193 (4) An employer must ensure that a worker uses a clamp-on type of c…

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Division 3 ## 1926.752 Site Layout, Site-specific Erection Plan and Construction Sequence - (a) Approval to begin steel erection. Before authorizing the commencement of steel erection, the controlling contractor shall ensure that the steel erector is provided with the following written notifications: - (1) The concrete in the footings, piers and walls and the mortar in the masonry piers and walls has attained, on the basis of an appropriate ASTM standard test method of field-cured samples, either 75 percent of the intended minimum compressive design strength or sufficient strength to support the loads imposed during steel erection. - (2) Any repairs, replacements and modifications to the anchor bolts were conducted in accordance with 1926.755(b). - (b) Commencement of steel erection. A steel erection contractor shall not erect steel unless it has received written notification that the concrete in the footings, piers and walls or the mortar in the masonry piers and walls has attained, on the basis of an appropriate ASTM standard test method of field-cured samples, either 75 percent of the intended minimum compressive design strength or sufficient strength to support the loads imposed during steel erection. ## [redacted phone] Written notifications A copy of the written notification(s) required by this section must be maintained on the site by the controlling contractor for review until completion of the project. Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 6-2002, f. 7/19/02, ef. 7/19/02. 1926.752(c) Site layout. The controlling contractor shall ensure that the following is provided and maintained: - (1) Adequate access roads into and through the site for the safe delivery and movement of derricks, cranes, trucks, other necessary equipment, and the material to be erected and means and methods for pedestrian and vehicular control. Exception…