what is a frame ladders?

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# SAFETY WALKAROUND CHECKLIST PORTABLE LADDERS (cont.) ## USE OF LADDERS (cont.) NOTES - Ladders are used for access to points above the highest floor that has been planked or decked in steel frame buildings. (Stairways should extend to the highest planked floor.) [1629(b)(2)] - Ladders are used for access to scaffolds. [1637(n)] - Ladders are used for access to levels in a vertical shoring system above the lowest floor in concrete buildings. (There must be at least two ladders in different locations for each floor, and ladders may not be used for more than three floors.) [1629(b)(3)] ## LADDER SPECIFICATIONS - Rungs are uniformly spaced no more than 12 inches apart vertically. [1676(c)] - Stepladders do not exceed 20 feet. [3278(d)(1)(A)] - Extension ladders do not exceed 44 feet when extended. [1678(a)] - Extension ladders are not used fully extended. There is an overlap between sections, not less than 10% of the working length of the ladder. [1678(b)] - Portable metal ladders are marked with a sign cautioning against use near electrical equipment. [3279(d)(11)] □ Portable ladders are labeled as being in accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards A 14.1 1982, Portable Wood Ladders, or A 14.2 1982, Portable Metal Ladders. [1675(c) and (d)] ## USE OF CORRECT LADDER - No portable metal ladder is used for electrical work, near live electrical parts, or within six feet of high voltage lines. (Increase the distance for very high voltage.) [1675(1), 2946, and 3279(d)(11)] - Double cleat ladders are used if there is 2-way traffic or traffic by 25 or more workers. (Double cleat ladders should not exceed 30 feet in length.) [1629(c)(2)] - Single-rail ladders are prohibited on the site. [3276(a)(4)] - Short ladders are not spliced together to make a longer one. [3278(e)(13)] ## PLACEMENT Areas where ladders are placed are clear at the top and bottom, and are not greasy or muddy. [1675(e)] California Tailgate Training Portable…

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# SAFETY WALKAROUND CHECKLIST PORTABLE LADDERS (cont.) ## PLACEMENT (cont.) NOTES - Ladders are placed on firm dry ground, so they won't slip or sink, and are not placed on boxes or other unstable bases. [1675(e)] - Ladders are not placed where they can be bumped (for example, a doorway, passageway, or driveway). Ladders which may be struck or displaced are barricaded or guarded. [1675(h)] - Portable ladders are tied, blocked, or otherwise secured. [1675(j)] - Portable ladders are placed 1 foot out from the wall for every 4 feet of ladder length (75° pitch). [1675(g)] ## WORK PRACTICES - No one stands or works on the top three rungs of a ladder that has no handholds, unless the structure provides a firm handhold or the worker is tied off. [1675(k)] - Workers face a ladder while climbing and descending. [3276(a)(2)] - Stepladders are always opened fully. - Workers do not stand or work on the top (cap) of a stepladder, or the step below the cap. [1675(n)] - Planks are not placed on the top (cap) of a stepladder. [1675(f)] - Workers use a ladder one at a time unless the ladder is specially designed for more people. [3278(e)(8)] - Ladders are not used as guys, braces, skids, gin poles, or for other than their intended purpose. [3278(e)(15) and 3279(d)(10)] - Workers adjust extension ladders only when standing at the base, not while on or above the ladder. - Ladders are placed so that side rails extend at least 3 feet above the landing or level they serve. [1629(c)(3)] - Workers do not carry tools, equipment, or materials (except on a tool belt) while on a ladder. [3276(a)(1)] California Tailgate Training Portable Ladders-Page 3

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CCOHS CCHST Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail Ladders # Ladders - Inspection ## On this page When should you inspect ladders? What should you look for when inspecting any ladder? What other things should I look for when inspecting stepladders? What should you look for when inspecting extension ladders? What should you do after inspecting any ladder? What are some things you should not do after inspecting ladders? ## When should you inspect ladders? - Inspect new ladders promptly upon receipt. - Inspect ladders before each use. - Check the condition of ladders that have been dropped or have fallen before using them again. - Inspect ladders before storing to make sure they are in good condition to store, or need repair, replacement or removal from the site. Most jurisdictions require that ladders be inspected before use. Contact the government department responsible for occupational health and safety. in your area for more information. ## What should you look for when inspecting any ladder? - missing or loose steps or rungs (they are loose if you can move them by hand) - damaged or worn non-slip feet - loose nails, screws, bolts or nuts - worn or loose or faulty spreaders, locks, and other metal parts in poor repair - rot, decay or warped rails in wooden ladders Ladders - Inspection CCOHS

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# What should you do before using a portable ladder? (cont.) ## What should you know about climbing portable ladders? (cont.) Clear the area around the base and top of the ladder of debris, tools and other objects. - Wear a safety harness and tie the lanyard off to a proper anchor (e.g., designed fixed support, temporary fixed support, or existing structural feature or equipment) when working 3 m (10 ft) or more off the ground or when working with both hands. Make sure that you have been trained on how to use fall protection devices safely. - Ensure that only one person is on a single-width ladder. Only one person is allowed on each side of a double-width ladder. - Maintain three-point contact by keeping two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand on the ladder at all times. - Grasp the rungs when climbing a ladder, not the side rails. If your foot slips on a ladder, holding onto rungs is easier than holding onto the side rails. 3 Point Contact - Wear protective footwear with slip-resistant soles and heels. - Ensure that all electrical equipment used during ladder work is in good condition and properly grounded. - Rest frequently to avoid arm fatigue and disorientation when the work requires you to look up and reach above your head. - Drape your arms over a rung and rest your head against another rung or side rail if you become dizzy or panicky. Climb down slowly. ## What should you avoid when climbing portable ladders? - Do not use ladders when a safe means of access is available and practical. - Do not use a ladder in passageways, doorways, driveways, or other locations where a person or vehicle can hit it. Set up suitable barricades or lock the doors shut. - Do not place a ladder against flexible or moveable surfaces. Ladders - Portable CCOHS

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# Ladders - Inspection (cont.) ## What should you do after inspecting any ladder? (cont.) - Protect wooden ladders with a clear sealer or wood preservative. - Replace worn or frayed ropes on extension ladders. - Lubricate pulleys on extension ladders regularly. - Tag and take out of service any ladder that is has defects, or is broken or bent. Destroy ladders that cannot be repaired safely by a person authorized by the manufacturer. Ladders should be destroyed in a way that makes them useless. ## What are some things you should not do after inspecting ladders? - Do not make temporary or makeshift repairs. - Do not try to straighten or use bent or bowed ladders. Fact sheet last revised: 2021-08-25 ## Disclaimer Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy, currency and completeness of the information, CCOHS does not guarantee, warrant, represent or undertake that the information provided is correct, accurate or current. CCOHS is not liable for any loss, claim, or demand arising directly or indirectly from any use or reliance upon the information. Ladders - Inspection CCOHS

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# SAFETY WALKAROUND CHECKLIST PORTABLE LADDERS 2001 Date Prepared: Project Name/No: By: Location: • Check the box if the statement is true. • Citations in brackets are from Title 8 of the California Administrative Code. ## INSPECTIONS NOTES - The company has a written Injury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP) that meets all Cal/OSHA requirements. It includes identification of ladder hazards on the site, regular inspections, accident investigation, and correction of hazardous conditions. [1509] - All defective ladders are tagged and immediately removed. [1675(b)] - Ladders have no broken or defective rungs or side rails, and rungs are firmly attached to side rails. [1675(b)] - Ladders have no nails, screws, or splinters sticking out. [3278(c)] - Rungs have no oil or grease on them. [3278(e)(6) and 3279(d)(4)] - Non-slip safety feet or bases on ladders are in good condition. - Non-slip safety material on ladder rungs is in good condition. - Interiors of open end hollow rungs of metal ladders are free from corrosion. [1675(b)] ## USE OF LADDERS - Unless there are stairways or ramps, ladders are provided at all points in frequently traveled passageways, entries, or exits where there is a break in elevation of 18 inches or more. [1629(a)(3)] - Ladders are used for access to working surfaces above or below ground level only on a short-duration job before installing a permanent means of access. [1629(a)(1)] - Ladders are used for access to roof and attic work areas in wood frame buildings. [1629(b)(1)(B)] California Tailgate Training Portable Ladders-Page 1

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# Ladders - Extension (cont.) ## What should you do to safely secure extension ladders? (cont.) - Raise and lower ladders from the ground. Ensure that locking ladder hooks are secure before climbing. - For access to an elevated work surface, erect ladders so that a minimum of 1 m (3 ft) extends above a landing platform. Tie the top at support points. - Use care when getting on and or off the ladder at the top or bottom in order to avoid tipping the ladder over sideways or causing the ladder base to slide. - Brace or tie off the ladder near the base. If there is no structure to tie off to, use a stake in the ground. - Leave all tie-off devices in place until they must be removed before taking the ladder down. - Maintain the minimum overlap of sections as shown on a ladder label. Refer to safety regulations. Set up barricades and warning signs when using a ladder in a doorway or passageway. Note: When working 3 metres (10 feet) or more above ground, a fall protection program may be necessary. Wear a safety belt or harness with the lanyard tied appropriately to the structure. Make sure that you follow working at heights training that includes how to use fall protection devices safely. Fly (upper section) Extension Tie-off Lock 4X Base (lower section) 1X Non-slip Feet ## What should you avoid when using extension ladders? - Do not use ladders near power lines. Keep ladders and other tools at least 10 feet away from power lines. - Do not use ladders unless they have been inspected by a trained or competent person. Ladders - Extension CCOHS

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# Ladders - Inspection (cont.) ## What should you look for when inspecting any ladder? (cont.) - cracks and exposed fibreglass in fibreglass ladders - cracked, split, worn or broken rails, braces, steps or rungs - sharp edges on rails and rungs - rough or splintered surfaces - corrosion, rust, oxidization and excessive wear, especially on treads - twisted or distorted rails. Check ladders for distortion by sighting along the rails. Using a twisted or bowed ladder is hazardous. - damage or wear on other items such as spreaders, locking devices, hinges, springs or ropes. Check that these items are working properly before using the ladder. - missing identification labels ## What other things should I look for when inspecting stepladders? - wobble - loose or bent hinges and hinge spreaders - broken stop on a hinge spreader - loose pail shelf ## What should you look for when inspecting extension ladders? - loose, broken, or missing extension locks - defective locks that do not set properly when the ladder is extended - sufficient lubrication of working parts - defective cords, chains and ropes - missing or defective pads or sleeves ## What should you do after inspecting any ladder? - Tag any defective ladders and take them out of service. - Clean fibreglass ladders every three months. Spray lightly with a clear lacquer or paste wax. Ladders - Inspection CCOHS