Write a toolbox talk on why hard hats are shaped like they are

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# TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.) ## A. 1910.132 General Requirements. (cont.) 1. The requirement for employers to conduct engineering and work practice controls appears in several substance-specific standards (e.g., the asbestos standard at 1910.1001(f)). CSHOS shall cite the respirator provisions of substance-specific Part 1910 standards when those standards apply (e.g., the asbestos standard at 1910.1001(g)). Cite 1910.1000(e)) when the substance is listed in Table Z of 29 CFR 1910.1000. The requirement for employers to provide respirators is found in several substance-specific Part 1910 standards (e.g., the lead standard at 1910.1025(e) and (f)). CSHOS shall cite the respirator provisions of substance-specific standards when those standards apply. Cite 1910.134(a)(2) when the substance is listed only in Table Z of 1910.1000. Respirator violations are normally grouped with the overexposure to substances regulated by other standards. 2. The employer must provide the right type of respirator for the substance and level of exposure involved. Respiratory protection equipment includes: filtering face pieces (dust masks) and other air-purifying respirators; atmosphere-supplying respirators, including supplied-air respirators and self-contained breathing apparatus; and escape-only respirators. Unless a substance-specific standard applies, citations shall be issued under 1910.134(d) if an employer fails to provide an appropriate respirator. For complete enforcement guidance on respiratory protection, see VOSH Program Directives 02-411, Inspection Procedures for the Respiratory Protection Program and 09-003, VOSH Field Operations Manual. D. 1910.135 Head protection. - CSHOS shall determine compliance with head protection requirements in 1910.135(a). Employers must require employees to wear a protective helmet or hard hat when working in areas where there is potential for injury to the head from falling objects (1910.135(a)(1)). A protective helmet designed to reduce ele…

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CPWR TOOLBOX RESEARCH AND TRAINING THE CENTER FOR CONSTRUCTION TALK Being struck by falling objects is a leading cause of construction fatalities. Even a small object, falling from a height, can cause serious or fatal injuries. ## Ted's Story Ted was picking up debris at a construction site. A forklift was lifting a pile of lumber to the second floor next to him. The lumber was not secure and fell from the forklift. One board struck Ted in the head. He was wearing a hard hat, but the incident left him with a concussion. - What could have been done to prevent this incident? * Have you or someone you know ever been injured by a falling object on a job site? # Equipment: Falling Objects ## Remember This ➤ Do not hoist loads or allow them to pass over people. ➤ Secure loads before lifting them by forklifts. ➤ Secure all tools in elevated work areas if they are close to leading edges. ➤ Always wear a hard hat. ➤ Ask your employer to place toe boards on all scaffolding and open elevations to protect workers below from falling materials. ➤ Stack materials neatly to keep them from toppling over. How can we stay safe today? What will we do at the worksite to prevent workers from being struck and injured by falling objects? 1. 2. OSHA Standard: 1926.250 ©2017, CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training. All rights reserved. CPWR is the research and training arm of NABTU. Production of this document was supported by cooperative agreement OH 009762 from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIOSH. CPWR 【● THE CENTER FOR CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH AND TRAINING

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# PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Date Posted: 09/03/2016 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is gear that can be worn to help minimize or eliminate injury. It can be worn to help prevent sudden injuries or injuries occur over time. It is very important the user understands the intended purpose of the PPE and verifies that it fits properly. that ## When to Wear PPE • Before you resort to PPE, you should first: • Use administrative controls • Implement Engineering Controls • Use local exhaust or general ventilation vs. a respirator • Control dust with a wet process vs. dry • Install sound reducing devices to mechanical equipment • When these other two means of protection are exhausted you then will need to select the appropriate PPE. - Often times PPE will be used in conjunction with administrative and engineering controls for added protection. ## BASIC TYPES OF PPE Head: Hard hat, welders cap Hearing: Earmuffs, ear plugs or canal caps Face/Eye: Safety glasses, face shield, safety goggles. Hand: Gloves for general use, chemical use, electrical work or hot work. Body: Chaps, leathers, coveralls Foot Protection: Leather boots, Safety toe/steel toe boots Personal Protective Equipment is gear that is worn to help minimize or eliminate injury. It is very important the user understands the intended purpose of the PPE, verifies that the PPE fits properly and is adequate for the work to be performed. Remember: PPE is the last line of defense against a hazard. LEARN MORE ## QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION • Does the PPE you wear to perform your work fit properly and is it in good working condition? What can be done in your work area to improve the use of PPE? • What improvements can be made to reduce the need for PPE? ## PRESENTER TIPS • Pre-read the Toolbox Talk. Your comfort level and confidence will be higher if you know your topic. Discuss related tasks, work areas or events that make the Toolbox Talk relevant to your job site. • Involve the workers …

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CPWR TOOLBOX THE CENTER FOR CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH AND TRAINING TALK # Head Protection The hard hat is one of the most widely used and important pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) on the job. Hard hats protect workers from head injuries due to falling objects and overhead hazards. ## Bob's Story Bob and his crew were putting a new roof on a house. During his lunch break, Bob was on the ground eating a sandwich. A worker on the roof dropped his hammer. The falling hammer struck Bob's hard hat. Although Bob had some pain and discomfort, he did not need hospitalization. - Have you or someone you know ever had their hard hat prevent an injury? If so, what happened? - How could this incident have been prevented? ## Remember This ➤ On a jobsite, always wear a hard hat that fits properly. ➤ Always wear your hard hat with the bill facing forward. Certification by ANSI does not cover hard hats worn backwards. ➤ Always avoid contact between the hard hat and electric wires. ➤ Always keep the space between the shell and the head clear. For example, don't wear a ball cap or other object under your hard hat. Never alter its shell or suspension, because that could drastically reduce the protection it gives. ➤ Never use a cushion-support suspension that is intended for use with a different hard hat shell or that is made by a different manufacturer. ➤ If you wear eye protection, use a kind designed to work with hard hats. Be sure to follow the maker's instructions for use. How can we stay safe today? What will we do at the worksite to promote hard hat use and prevent head injuries? - 1. - 2. OSHA Regulation: 1926.100 ©2017, CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training. All rights reserved. CPWR is the research and training arm of NABTU. Production of this document was supported by cooperative agreement OH 009762 from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors an…

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# SafetyWorks! Toolbox Talks # Subject: Head Protection - Hard Hats There are some practical reasons for wearing a hard hat. They help keep your head cooler in summer; dry during rain; and helps shield your ears from noise. But the main reason to wear a hard hat is that it protects the control center part of your body—your head. ## Guide for Discussion What a Hard Hat Does • Protects you from falling objects. • Protects your head in case of a fall or a bump into an object. - Protects you from electrical shocks and burns if it's a non-conductive hat. • It is a neat place to put stickers and decals, such as first aid trained or safety committee member. Proper Care. In order for your hard hat to take care of you, you need to care for your hat. • Always keep your hard hat properly adjusted. • Do not cut, bend or heat the hard hat. • When you see deep gouges or cracks in the shell, or the hat color turns dull, its time for a new one. ## Proper Wear. • Do not wear it backwards. • Don't put anything inside your hard hat except your head. • Don't try to substitute it for a “bump cap." The bump cap will not provide adequate protection from falling objects; just isn't strong enough. • It is not a stool or a step; doing so weakens the shell of the hard hat. ## Additional Discussion Notes: What is company policy on wearing hard hats? INSERT POLICY When working on scaffolding and exposed to falling objects, a hard hat must be worn. Remember: The average hard hat weighs about 14 ounces. The average head weighs about 14 pounds. That's about one ounce of protection for each pound of head. A small price to pay to protect the control center of your body. NOTE: Proper work clothing can make a job a lot easier and safer. Most workers never really think much about what they are wearing, but they should. It is very important to dress for the weather since most of the work is done outside or in a Head Protection - Hard Hats SafetyWorks! 45 State House Station August…

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# Head Protection (cont.) <table><tr><th>If exposed to this kind of hazard</th><th>Examples of work place situations</th><th>Use this type of PPE</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">falling objects or materials</td><td>working below other workers who are using tools and materials which could fall</td><td rowspan="7">Protective helmet (ANSI-approved Class A, B, or C)</td></tr><tr><td>working around or under conveyor belts which are carrying parts or materials</td></tr><tr><td>working below machinery or processes which might cause material or objects to fall</td></tr><tr><td>working around or under scaffolds or other overhead structures</td></tr><tr><td>working around objects suspended by overhead cranes</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">flying or propelled objects</td><td>working around or with machinery, tools, or processes which throw/shoot out particles</td></tr><tr><td>working in roadways while directing traffic</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">contact with overhead objects</td><td>working in areas where overhead heights change, or where one must walk/maneuver under low beams or other structures, or under vehicles, equipment</td><td rowspan="2">Protective helmet or Bump cap*</td></tr><tr><td>working in tight spaces</td></tr><tr><td>hair-catching hazard</td><td>working around machinery or in locations where hair can get caught into nip points, revolving shafts, or other moving parts</td><td>1,3 Hair net, hat, or cap that completely covers hair or controls all loose ends</td></tr><tr><td>hair fire hazard</td><td>✰working around machinery or in locations where an employee is exposed to an ignition source and may run into an area containing a combustible/flammable atmosphere if their hair is on fire</td><td>2.3 Hair covering of solid material</td></tr><tr><td>electrical hazards</td><td>working near exposed electrical conductors that could contact the head</td><td>Protective helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard (ANSI-approved Class A or B) Make sure headwear has no meta…

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# Types of Hard hats Impact Hard Hats - Most hard hats provide protection from impact or penetration only. - Some hard hats are designed to protect from lateral impact as well as top impact. - Some hats have a full brim for rain protection. Washington State Department of Labor & Industries 6

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# OSHA QUICK CARD™ ## Protect Yourself Construction Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ## Eye and Face Protection - Safety glasses or face shields are worn any time work operations can cause foreign objects to get in the eye. For example, during welding, cutting, grinding, nailing (or when working with concrete and/or harmful chemi- cals or when exposed to flying particles). Wear when exposed to any electrical hazards, including working on energized electrical systems. - Eye and face protectors - select based on anticipated hazards. ## Foot Protection - Construction workers should wear work shoes or boots with slip-resistant and puncture-resistant soles. • Safety-toed footwear is worn to prevent crushed toes when working around heavy equipment or falling objects. - Hand Protection - Gloves should fit snugly. - Workers should wear the right gloves for the job (examples: heavy-duty rubber gloves for concrete work; welding gloves for welding; insulated gloves and sleeves when exposed to electrical hazards). - Head Protection • Wear hard hats where there is a potential for objects falling from above, bumps to the head from fixed objects, or of accidental head contact with electrical hazards. - Hard hats - routinely inspect them for dents, cracks or deterioration; replace after a heavy blow or electrical shock; maintain in good condition. - Hearing Protection - Use earplugs/earmuffs in high noise work areas where chainsaws or heavy equipment are used; clean or replace earplugs regularly. For more complete information: Occupational OSHA Safety and Health Administration U.S. Department of Labor www.osha.gov (800) 321-OSHA OSHA 3260-09N-05

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MIOSHA Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration ## Special points of interest: • Wear Hard Hats, Safety Glasses, and Work Boots on job sites. • Use face shields and goggles when safety glasses are not enough • Wear safety toe foot- wear when feet can be crushed by heavy objects # Tool Box Talk Personal Protective Equipment MIOSHA Construction Safety Standard Part 6. Personal Protective Equipment Employer: Shall provide, at no expense to the employee, the initial issue of personal protective equipment (PPE) and replacement equipment necessary due to reasonable wear and tear required, unless specifically indicated otherwise or other employer/employee agreement specifically requires employees to provide such equipment. Employee: An employee shall wear PPE when prescribed by the MIOSHA rules. ## Head protection (Hard Hat): . Class A hard hat shall be used where a hazard from falling or flying objects or particles or from other harmful contacts or exposures may be present • physically altered, painted, or damaged hard hats shall not be worn • Wear hard hat brim forward • Do not ware baseball hats underneath ## Eye and face protection: - Z87.1 safety glasses shall be used where a hazard exists from flying objects or particles, harmful contacts, such as when using power tools, hammers, and working over head. • An employee who needs corrective lenses where eye protection is required shall be protected by 1 of the following: (a) Spectacles whose protective lenses provide optical correction. (b) Goggles that can be worn over the corrective lenses without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacles. - Use goggles when working around dust, chemicals - Use face shields to protect face from particles, chemicals Face shields do not protect eyes from flying object high impacts, must use Z87.1 safety glasses underneath ## Foot protection: • Employee Provided / Employer must require • ANSI Z41-1999 or ASTM 2412 & 2413 certified footwear mu…

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# PPE Fact Sheet-The Right Equipment—Head to PPE is the last line of defense against workplace hazards. OSHA defines PPE as "equipment for the eyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices, protective shields and barriers." Many OSHA regulations state that PPE must meet criteria set by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ## Head Protection HEAD PROTECTION OSHA requires that head protection (hard hats) be worn if there is a risk of head injury from electrical burns or falling/flying objects. ## Aren't all hard hats the same? No. You must wear the right hat for the job. All hard hats approved for electrical work made since 1997 are marked "Class E." Hard hats made before 1997 are marked "Class B." These markings will be on a label inside the helmet or stamped into the helmet itself. Newer hats may also be marked "Type 1" or "Type 2." Type 1 hard hats protect you from impacts on the top of your head. Type 2 hard hats protect you from impacts on the top and sides of your head. ## How do I wear and care for my hard hat? Always wear your hat with the bill forward. (Hats are tested in this position.) If you wear a hat differ- ently, you may not be fully protected. The hat should fit snugly without being too tight. You should clean and inspect your hard hat regularly according to the man- ufacturer's instructions. Check the hat for cracks, dents, frayed straps, and dulling of the finish. These conditions can reduce protection. Use only mild soap and water for clean- ing. Heavy-duty cleaners and other chemicals can damage the hat. Don't wear another hat under your hard hat! WARNING PORE READ ALL WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS ANSI 289.1-1997 ALGE MAS KAFESWON Class E, Type 1 hard hat. CLASS-AD ANGI 20011933 [redacted identifier] Class B hard hat. Page 68 Section 8

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# Head Protection (cont.) (2) Wear hair covering of solid material if exposed to an ignition source, e.g. - welding • cutting with a torch - working with a flame or hot surface that could ignite the hair and - if the potential exists to run into a combustible/flammable atmosphere, such as • class-1 flammable liquid (e.g., ether, benzene) • combustible atmosphere (3) Construction standard WAC [redacted identifier]-6 allows hair nets for hair-catching or for fire hazards. - Note: Also, hair would need to be secured, covered, or removed when it would interfere with other PPE and make them less effective. Protective helmets are designed to prevent penetration of the object and also to absorb the shock of impact. It is important to know the potential for exposure to falling or flying objects, contact with overhead objects, and electrical hazards (must know the voltage) in order to select the most appropriate type of helmet: <table><tr><th>Туре</th><th>Impact &amp; Penetration Resistance</th><th>Electrical Protection</th></tr><tr><td>Class A</td><td>Yes</td><td>low-voltage conductors (up to 2,200 volts) General Service</td></tr><tr><td>Class B</td><td>Yes</td><td>high-voltage conductors (up to 20,000 volts) Utility Service High voltage</td></tr><tr><td>Class C (aluminum)</td><td>Yes</td><td>NONE (not designed for electrical exposure) Special Service such as Metal Loggers Helmets</td></tr></table> Make sure that the protective helmets worn by your employees meet the requirements in WAC 296-800-[redacted postal code]. Note: whenever you are not sure about a particular PPE or which one to use, contact the manufacturer and talk with the technical services department. Often they will be able to provide information and may help you with deciding on the appropriate PPE for your work place conditions and hazards. 45 45 45

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# HEAD PROTECTION Date Posted: 04/24/2023 Hard hats in construction are commonly used to protect workers from a head injury caused by falling objects, striking one's head against an object, or electrical hazards, including shock and electrocution. The hard hat is a piece of personal protective equipment (PPE) designed to protect a worker when all other protection methods cannot. However, a recent Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) survey showed that 84% of workers who suffered impact injuries to the head were not wearing head protection. ## WHEN DO YOU NEED TO WEAR A HARDHAT IN CONSTRUCTION? Whenever there is a potential for head injury from impact, falling or flying objects, or electrical shock. This means that employers must provide hard hats and ensure that employees wear protective coverings in the following situations: • When objects or debris might fall from above and strike workers on the head. • When employees may strike their heads against fixed objects, like supports, beams, or other equipment. • When there is the possibility that workers' heads will come into contact with electrical hazards. • According to WAC [redacted identifier], "all employees on any construction site must be provided an individual hardhat....." ## FUNCTION, TYPES, AND CLASSES OF HARDHATS IN CONSTRUCTION Hard hats are designed to do two very specific things. First, they are designed to resist penetration. Secondly, they are designed to absorb the shock of an impact. This is accomplished by making the shell of the hat of a material hard enough to resist the blow and utilizing a shock-absorbing lining composed of a headband and crown straps to keep the shell away from the wearer's skull. If a hard hat is not worn correctly as designed by the manufacturer, such as backward, your level of protection may be compromised. There are two general types of hard hats used in the construction industry. These are: Inside View of Type I Hard Hat ## ANSI TYPE I They are designed to prote…

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# HEAD PROTECTION (cont.) ## CLASS G (GENERAL) General hard hats are designed to reduce exposure to low-voltage conductors and offer dielectric protection up to 2,200 volts (phase to ground). As with Class E hard hats, this voltage protection is designated to the head only and does not account for voltage protection allocated to the wearer. ## CLASS C (CONDUCTIVE) Conductive hard hats differ from their counterparts because they are not intended to protect against contact with electrical conductors. On the contrary, Class C hard hats may include vented options, which protect the wearer from impact and provide increased breathability through their conductive material (such as aluminum) or added ventilation. ## INSPECTING HARDHATS Inspect a hard hat when it is new and first placed into use, before each day/shift use, and after any incident when the hard hat's integrity may be questioned. When inspecting a new hardhat, ensure that it is the proper type and class for the work you will be doing and that all parts are included. Follow all manufacturer's instructions to assemble and attach parts and adjust the headband tension for a comfortable fit. When inspecting a hard hat before each day/shift, look for gouges, cracks, deterioration, discoloration, and flaking. DO NOT USE A HARD HAT THAT YOU SUSPECT IS DAMAGED! Instead, replace it immediately with an undamaged hard hat. ## HARDHAT LIFESPAN Month of Manufacture: MARCH Year of Manufacture: 2019 The safest practice is always to follow the hard hat manufacturer's replacement guidelines. The most common service life guideline states that hard hat shells need to be replaced after no more than two years of regular use or five years from the date of manufacture-whichever comes first. The life for suspensions is shorter, with replacement needed after no more than twelve months. To determine the specific replacement date for your hard hat, you'll need to reference the date of manufacture (usually located on the helmet…

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# Head protection A 70-lb metal beam fell from the seventh storey of a condominium development and struck a worker on the head, face, and torso. The man was taken to hospital in serious condition but survived. Police credit the man's hard hat with saving his life. ## Explain dangers A hard hat can protect you from cuts, scrapes, and bruises. It can protect you from falling objects, which can cause severe damage to the head and spine. It can prevent electric shock and limit your exposure to UV radiation from the sun. ## Identify controls Hard hats are mandatory for every worker at all times on a construction project in Ontario. Keep the following points in mind to ensure that you get the best use out of your hard hat. • Use the correct type of hard hat for the job. The hard hat should be labeled with the CSA or ANSI Type and Class of protection. • A Class E hard hat is required for construction and utility projects. It provides electrical protection up to 20,000 volts. • Type I and Type II hard hats meet the CSA and ANSI standard for impact protection. Type I hard hats protect the top of the head, while Type II hard hats protect both the top and the sides of the head. Type II hard hats are recommended for use on construction projects. • Hard hats that are poorly maintained or improperly used can fail. It's important that you follow the manufacturer's instructions. • Inspect your hard hat every day before you use it. • Clean your hard hat using mild soap or a cleaning agent recommended by the manufacturer. Never use a cleaning solvent. • Never wear a baseball cap under your hard hat. • Never paint a hard hat or make holes in a hard hat. - A hard hat should normally be worn facing forward. It may be worn backwards only if it has a reverse orientation mark (see below). Reverse Orientation Mark • Never store your hard hat in the rear window of your car-intense sunlight can make it age more quickly. • Never spray your hard hat with insect repellant-…