Explain the specialty options when form building

Source excerpt

WAC [redacted identifier] Requirements for cast in place concrete. (1) General requirements for formwork and placing and removal of forms. (a) Formwork must be designed, fabricated, erected, supported, braced, and maintained so that it will be capable of supporting with- out failure all vertical and lateral loads that may reasonably be an- ticipated to be applied to the formwork. Formwork which is designed, fabricated, erected, supported, braced, and maintained in conformance with the Appendix to this section will be deemed to meet the require- ments of this subdivision. (b) Any form, regardless of size, must be planned in every par- ticular and designed and constructed with an adequate factor of safe- ty. In addition to computable loading, additional form pressures may result from impact during concrete placement, sudden lowering of tem- peratures retarding the set and increasing the liquid head or static pressure, vibrations of the form or concrete, uneven stressing result- ing from failure or weakening of form members, or impact from concrete buckets or placing equipment. As a result, an adequate factor of safe- ty is required to offset these unpredictable conditions. (c) The thoroughness of planning and design must be governed by the size, complexity, and intended use of the form. Formwork which is complex in nature or which will be subjected to unusually high con- crete pressures must be designed or approved for use by an engineer or experienced form designer. (d) When moved or raised by crane, cableway, A-frame, or similar mechanical device, forms must be securely attached to slings having a minimum safety factor of 5. Use of No. 9 tie wire, fiber rope, and similar makeshift lashing is prohibited. (e) Taglines must be used in moving panels or other large sec- tions of forms by crane or hoist. (f) All hoisting equipment, including hoisting cable used to raise and move forms must have a minimum safety factor incorporated in the manufacturer's design, and t…

Source excerpt

WAC [redacted identifier] Placing and removal of forms. (1) When moved or raised by crane, cableway, A-frame, or similar mechanical device, forms must be securely attached to slings having a minimum safety fac- tor of 5. Use of No. 9 tie wire, fiber rope, and similar makeshift lashing is prohibited. (2) You must use taglines in moving panels or other large sec- tions of forms by crane or hoist. (3) All hoisting equipment, including hoisting cable used to raise and move forms must have a minimum safety factor incorporated in the manufacturer's design, and the manufacturer's recommended loading must not be exceeded. Field-fabricated or shop-fabricated hoisting equipment must be designed or approved by a registered professional engineer, incorporating a minimum safety factor of 5 in its design. Panels and built-up form sections must be equipped with metal hoisting brackets for attachment of slings. (4) Forms intended for use where there is a free fall of over 10 feet must be equipped with adequate scaffolding and guardrails, or em- ployees working on the forms must be protected from falls in accord- ance with chapter 296-880 WAC during forming and stripping operations. (5) You must not release vertical forms being raised or removed in sections until adequately braced or secured. You must not release overhead forms until adequately braced or secured. (6) You must protect workers or others at lower levels from fall- ing materials. You must erect appropriate warning signs along walk- ways. (7) You must not remove forms until the concrete is cured. The concrete must be adequately set in order to permit safe removal of the forms, shoring, and bracing. You must adhere to engineer's specifica- tions and local building codes in determining the length of time forms should remain in place following concrete placement. In addition, you must perform tests on field-cured concrete specimens in order to in- sure that concrete has obtained sufficient strength to safely support t…

Source excerpt

# MINIMUM SAFETY FACTORS OF FORMWORK ACCESSORIES* (cont.) ## R 408.[redacted postal code] Vertical shoring generally. (cont.) (5) Eccentric loads on shore heads and similar members or shoring are prohibited, unless the shore heads are designed for the loading. (6) Shoring equipment shall be inspected by a qualified person before erection to determine that it is as specified in the shoring drawings or plans. Any equipment found to be damaged shall not be used for shoring. (7) Before concrete is placed in the forms, all shoring equipment shall be inspected by a qualified person to determine whether it was erected as specified in the shoring drawings or plans. (8) Erected shoring shall be inspected by a qualified person during and immediately after pouring concrete. Shoring that is found to be damaged or weakened shall be reinforced or reshored. (9) Only designated employees shall be permitted on the first floor immediately under the forms during concrete placing work. (10) Shoring equipment shall not be released or removed without the approval and assurance of a qualified person that the remaining equipment will support the load. (11) Construction or superimposed loads shall not be placed on an uncured concrete pour unless either of the following provisions is complied with: (a) The strength of the concrete in the previous pour has been determined by testing to be capable of withstanding the load. (b) A qualified person indicates that the concrete has developed sufficient strength to support the load. This subrule does not apply to slip form operations and slabs built at grade elevation. (12) Reshoring shall be provided, when necessary, to support slabs and beams after stripping or where the members are subjected to superimposed loads due to the construction work done. (13) Vertical shoring shall not be adjusted to raise formwork after concrete is in place, unless specifically provided for in the design specifications. ## R 408.[redacted postal code] Meta…

Source excerpt

# §1717. Falsework and Vertical Shoring. (cont.) (4) When the formwork and shoring are being erected, the first set of protective guardrails shall be installed at the perimeter immediately after such supporting members are in place. Railings are to be installed and maintained at perimeter of and at openings in all floors of buildings and sides of bridge decks at all times. (5) In the area immediately adjacent to where the joists or similar members are being installed, a 12-inch wide plank resting on the joists is acceptable as a walkway for distributing joists. (6) Building floor form installation (A) Employees shall be prohibited from working below a building floor form installation, except those individuals actually engaged in this installation, removal, or inspection. Warning signs to this effect shall be posted at the perimeter of the affected work area. (B) During the actual placement of concrete, only those individuals who are engaged in the inspection or necessary building floor form modifications shall be permitted in the affected work area below the concrete placement. (C) Areas underneath building floor form installations described in sections 1717(b)(1)(A) or 1717(b)(1)(B) shall not be occupied before, during, or after the placement of concrete unless the building floor form installations have been inspected and certified, by a civil engineer currently registered in California, to safely withstand all anticipated loads. All other building floor form installations shall be inspected and certified by one of the following persons, to safely withstand all anticipated loads. 1. A civil engineer currently registered in California. 2. A licensed contractor, or representative, qualified to determine that the floor form installation can safely withstand all anticipated loads. (7) Stripped forms and shoring shall be removed and stockpiled promptly in all areas in which persons are required to work or pass. Protruding nails, wire ties, and other …

Source excerpt

# OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REGULATION (cont.) ## Unstable face of a stockpile (cont.) B.C. Reg. 296/97 WORKERS COMPENSATION ACT OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REGULATION Part 20 - Construction, Excavation and Demolition # Bridges and Similar Structures ## Drawings and special procedures 20.15 During the construction of a bridge or a structure involving erection of skeleton structural members, documentation of all construction details that require engineering, including erection procedures, temporary bracing and falsework must be (a) available at the worksite at all times during such work, and (b) updated as necessary to show changes in details or site conditions, and each update must be certified by a professional engineer. ## Walkways 20.16 A worker must not walk upon the surfaces of structural members that have shear connectors, dowels or other protrusions unless suitable walkways and runways are provided to eliminate the tripping hazard. ## Concrete Falsework and Formwork ## Definitions 20.16.1 In sections 20.17 to 20.26: "specified formwork" means formwork of a type listed in section 20.17 (1) (a) to (n); "worksite-specific plans" means worksite-specific application drawings and any associated specifications and supplementary instructions. [en. B.C. Reg. 14/2019, App. C, S. 2.] ## Application 20.16.2 Sections 20.17 to 20.26 apply only to cast-in-place concrete. [en. B.C. Reg. 14/2019, App. C, S. 2.] ## Worksite-specific plans required for specified formwork - 20.17 (1) The employer must ensure that worksite-specific plans are prepared for the following types of formwork and any associated falsework or reshoring: (a) flyforms; (b) ganged forms; (c) jump forms; (d) vertical slip forms; (e) formwork over 4 m (13 ft) in height; (f) suspended forms for beams, slabs, stairs and landings; (g) single-sided, battered or inclined forms over 2 m (6.5 ft) in height; (h) cantilever forms; (i) bridge deck forms; 396 Last amended M…

Source excerpt

WAC [redacted identifier] Vertical slip forms. (1) Slip forms must be de- signed and constructed, and the form movement carried out, under the immediate supervision of a person or persons experienced in slip form design and operation. Drawings prepared by a qualified engineer, show- ing the jack layout, formwork, working decks, and scaffolding, must be available at the job site, and followed. (2) The steel rods or pipe on which the jacks climb or by which the forms are lifted must be designed for this purpose. Such rods must be adequately braced where not encased in concrete. (3) Forms must be designed to prevent excessive distortion of the structure during the jacking operation. (4) Vertical slip forms must be provided with scaffolding or work platforms completely encircling the area of placement. (5) Jacks and vertical supports must be positioned in such a man- ner that the loads do not exceed the rated capacity of the jacks. (6) The jacks or other lifting devices must be provided with me- chanical dogs or other automatic holding devices to support the slip forms whenever failure of the power supply or lifting mechanism oc- curs. (7) The form structure must be maintained within all design tol- erances specified for plumbness during the jacking operation. (8) Lifting must proceed steadily and uniformly and must not ex- ceed the predetermined safe rate of lift. A jacking system, which pro- vides precise, simultaneous movement of the entire form in small pre- selected increments, is recommended for large structures. (9) Workers placing reinforcing steel must comply with the re- quirements of chapter 296-880 WAC when working above the scaffold lev- el. (10) The total allowable load on slip form platforms must be de- termined by the design engineer and enforced by the field supervisor. (11) Lateral and diagonal bracing of the forms must be provided to prevent excessive distortion of the structure during the sliding operation. (12) While the slide is in opera…

Source excerpt

# Occupational Safety and Health Administration (cont.) ## 1926.703(a)(2). (cont.) Jacks and vertical supports shall be positioned in such a manner that the loads do not exceed the rated capacity of the jacks. - 1926.703(c)(5) The jacks or other lifting devices shall be provided with mechanical dogs or other automatic holding devices to support the slip forms whenever failure of the power supply or lifting mechanism occurs. - 1926.703(c)(6) The form structure shall be maintained within all design tolerances specified for plumbness during the jacking operation. - 1926.703(c)(7) The predetermined safe rate of lift shall not be exceeded. - 1926.703(d) ## Reinforcing steel. 1926.703(d)(1) Reinforcing steel for walls, piers, columns, and similar vertical structures shall be adequately supported to prevent overturning and to prevent collapse. 1926.703(d)(2) Employers shall take measures to prevent unrolled wire mesh from recoiling. Such measures may include, but are not limited to, securing each end of the roll or turning over the roll. - 1926.703(e) ## Removal of formwork. 1926.703(e)(1) Forms and shores (except those used for slabs on grade and slip forms) shall not be removed until the employer determines that the concrete has gained sufficient strength to support its weight and superimposed loads. Such determination shall be based on compliance with one of the following: - 1926.703(e)(1)(i) The plans and specifications stipulate conditions for removal of forms and shores, and such conditions have been followed, or Submit Feedback

Source excerpt

# Bridges and Similar Structures (cont.) ## Worksite-specific plans required for specified formwork (cont.) WORKERS COMPENSATION ACT B.C. Reg. 296/97 # OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REGULATION Part 20 - Construction, Excavation and Demolition (j) shaft lining forms; (k) tunnel lining forms; (1) formwork into which concrete will be pumped through an injection port below the upper concrete surface; (m) formwork over 3 m (10 ft) in height into which self-consolidating concrete will be placed; (n) formwork designated by the designer of the structure. (2) The employer must ensure that a professional engineer certifies the following in accordance with section 20.18: (a) worksite-specific plans; (b) any changes to worksite-specific plans. (3) The employer must ensure that certified worksite-specific plans are available at the worksite during the erection, use and dismantling of formwork, falsework and reshoring. (4) The employer must ensure that any changes to certified worksite-specific plans are available at the worksite (a) as soon as practicable, and (b) before the inspection required for placement of concrete or other intended loading of formwork, falsework and reshoring. (5) The employer must ensure that formwork, falsework and reshoring are erected, used and, if applicable, dismantled in accordance with up-to-date certified worksite-specific plans. [en. B.C. Reg. 14/2019, App. C, S. 3.] ## Certification of worksite-specific plans by professional engineer 20.18 For the purposes of section 20.17 (2), a professional engineer must certify that worksite-specific plans, and any changes to worksite-specific plans, meet the require- ments of (a) CSA Standard S269.1-16, Falsework and formwork, (b) section 20.20 of this Regulation, and (c) if worksite-specific plans are prepared for flyforms and any associated falsework or reshoring, sections 20.21 (1) and (2) and 20.22 (1) and (2) of this Regulation. [en. B.C. Reg. 14/2019, App. C, S…

Source excerpt

# OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REGULATION (cont.) ## Concrete placing hazards (cont.) WORKERS COMPENSATION ACT B.C. Reg. 296/97 # OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REGULATION # Part 20 - Construction, Excavation and Demolition ## Inspections - 20.26 (1) Subject to subsection (4), immediately before placement of concrete or other intended loading of specified formwork and any associated falsework or reshoring, the employer must ensure that (a) the formwork, falsework and reshoring are inspected by a professional engineer, and (b) the professional engineer issues a certificate that (i) indicates the specific areas inspected, and (ii) certifies that the formwork, falsework and reshoring have been erected in accordance with up-to-date worksite-specific plans. (2) The certificate required by subsection (1) (b) must be available at the worksite for inspection by an officer. (3) If ganged forms are being reused on the same worksite with any modification to the design or method of erection of the ganged forms, subsection (1) applies in relation to the reuse of the ganged forms. (4) If ganged forms are being reused on the same worksite without modification to the design or method of erection of the ganged forms certified under subsection (1), immediately before placement of concrete or other intended loading of the ganged forms, the employer must ensure that the ganged forms are inspected by a qualified person who (a) confirms that the ganged forms have been erected in accordance with up-to- date worksite-specific plans, and (b) documents the inspection and the confirmation, including the specific location where the ganged forms are being reused and the date of the inspection. (5) The documents required by subsection (4) (b) must be available at the worksite for inspection by an officer. [en. B.C. Reg. 14/2019, App. C, S. 3.] ## Concrete Pumping ## Definition 20.26.1 In sections 20.26.2 to 20.54, "mast" means a mounting or support s…

Source excerpt

# Occupational Safety and Health Administration (cont.) ## 1926.700(a). (cont.) 1926.700(b)(3) Lift slab means a method of concrete construction in which floor, and roof slabs are cast on or at ground level and, using jacks, lifted into position. 1926.700(b)(4) Limited access zone means an area alongside a masonry wall, which is under construction, and which is clearly demarcated to limit access by employees. - 1926.700(b)(5) Precast concrete means concrete members (such as walls, panels, slabs, columns, and beams) which have been formed, cast, and cured prior to final placement in a structure. - 1926.700(b)(6) Reshoring means the construction operation in which shoring equipment (also called reshores or reshoring equipment) is placed, as the original forms and shores are removed, in order to support partially cured concrete and construction loads. - 1926.700(b)(7) Shore means a supporting member that resists a compressive force imposed by a load. 1926.700(b)(8) Vertical slip forms means forms which are jacked vertically during the placement of concrete. - 1926.700(b)(9) Jacking operation means the task of lifting a slab (or group of slabs) vertically from one location to another (e.g., from the casting location to a temporary (parked) location, or from a temporary location to another temporary location, or to its final location in the structure), during the construction of a building/structure where the lift-slab process is being used. [55 FR [redacted postal code], Oct. 18, 1990] Scroll to Top + OSHA Standards Enforcement Topics Media Center Contact Us Submit Feedback

Source excerpt

# MINIMUM SAFETY FACTORS OF FORMWORK ACCESSORIES* (cont.) ## R 408.[redacted postal code] Concrete mixing, pouring, and floating. (cont.) loose material from accumulating on the top and sides of the bucket. (7) An employee shall not be permitted to ride bucket or walk or work under a bucket that is suspended from a crane or cableway. a (8) A concrete bucket that is positioned by a crane or cableway shall be suspended from an approved swivel safety-type hook. (9) A pumpcrete or similar system using discharge pipe shall have pipe supports that are designed for a 100% overload. Compression air hoses in the system shall be provided with positive fail-safe joint connectors to prevent the separation of sections when pressurized. (10) A runway, ramp, or scaffold shall be provided for placement of concrete in areas such as walls, piers, columns, and beams, as prescribed in Construction Safety Standards Part 12 "Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms," Part 21 "Guarding of Walking and Working Areas," and Part 45 "Fall Protection," as referenced in R 408.[redacted postal code]. (11) A concrete mixer, or other equipment, such as a compressor, screen, or pumps used for concrete construction activities, where inadvertent operation of the equipment may occur and cause injury, shall be locked out when an employee is performing maintenance or repair. An employee who is inside a concrete mixer performing maintenance or repair shall have the only key to the lock. (12) Sections of tremies and similar concrete conveyances shall be secured with wire rope, or equivalent materials, in addition to the regular couplings or connections. ## R 408.[redacted postal code] Forms and shoring generally. - Rule 2521. (1) Formwork, shoring, and reshoring shall be designed, erected, supported, braced, and maintained so that they will support all vertical and lateral loads that may be imposed upon them during placement of concrete or until the loads can be supported by the concrete structure. (2)…

Source excerpt

# ONTARIO REGULATION 213/91 CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS (cont.) ## LADDERS (cont.) (c) shall be offset at each rest platform; (d) where the ladder extends over five metres above grade, floor or landing, shall have a safety cage commencing not more than 2.2 metres above grade, floor or landing and continuing at least 90 centimetres above the top landing with openings to permit access by a worker to rest platforms or to the top landing; (e) shall have side rails that extend 90 centimetres above the landing; (f) shall have rungs that are at least 15 centimetres from the wall and spaced at regular intervals; (g) shall have an adequate landing surface that is clear of obstructions at the top and bottom of the ladder for access and egress; (h) shall be free from defective or loose rungs; and (i) shall not be used in an elevator shaft or a similar hoisting area when the shaft or area is being used for hoisting. O. Reg. 631/94, S. 2; O. Reg. 345/15, S. 14 (1, 2). (2) Clauses (1) (b), (c) and (d) do not apply to any access ladder on a tower, water tank, chimney or similar structure that has a safety device that will provide protection should a worker using the ladder fall. O. Reg. 345/15, S. 14 (3). - 85., 86. REVOKED: O. Reg. 145/00, S. 24. ## FORMS, FORMWORK, FALSEWORK AND RE-SHORING 87. (1) Formwork, falsework and re-shoring shall be designed, constructed, supported and braced so that they are capable of withstanding all loads and forces likely to be applied to them, (a) without exceeding the allowable working loads established for any component of the structure; and (b) without causing uplift, sliding, overturning or lateral displacement of the system. O. Reg. 213/91, S. 87 (1). (2) No formwork, falsework or re-shoring shall be loaded in excess of the load that it is designed and constructed to bear. O. Reg. 213/91, S. 87 (2). (3) The allowable - working load of the formwork, falsework or re-shoring shall be established, (a) by an engineer in ac…