Security Measures

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# SAFETY ALERT-Please Post # Employees Must Wear Fall Protection when Working from Aerial Lifts You MUST COMPLY with the requirements of: American National Standards Institute A92.2, A DANGER National Electric Safety Code, and OSHA FALLING FROM PLATFORM WILL RESULT IN A DANGER DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY approved fall protection system with Platform personnel must wear an OSHA AN UNTRAINED OPERATOR lanyard attached to anchor provided. SUBJECTS HIMSELF AND Platform doors, if provided, must be se- OTHERS TO curely latched. 419264A DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY ## What happened in Massachusetts? During 2011 and 2012, two municipal workers were fatally injured while repairing traffic lights: each was working from the raised bucket of an aerial lift truck and was thrown from the bucket when struck by a passing tractor-trailer. ## What can be done? In each incident: • The trucks were parked as far to the right side of the road as possible, and the trucks' buckets extended over active travel lanes so the workers could access the traffic lights. • The victims were not wearing fall protection, so when the passing tractor trailers hit the buckets, they bounced out and fell nearly [redacted street address] below. Both deaths could have been prevented if fall protection had been used. When performing work from any vehicle mounted elevated platform: - Fall protection must be provided to workers and used properly. - Additionally, when working in or near roadways: • Work zones should be set up appropriately to minimize worker exposure to moving vehicles. ## Ensure Use of Fall Protection The best type of fall protection equipment to be used with aerial lift trucks is a restraint system because it keeps the worker in the bucket and prevents a fall of any distance, even if the truck's bucket is struck by an oncoming vehicle. A restraint system consists of: • a body belt or harness • a lanyard, no longer than 2 feet • an anchor point (this will come attached to the aerial li…

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# Injuries Are Not Accidents: Construction Will Be Safe When It's Designed to Be Safe (cont.) ## Need for an occupational safety and health management systems approach (cont.) construction safety and health management systems (see sidebar, A success story). ## Sustaining the Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPTD) movement In 2007, NIOSH established a national initiative called Prevention through Design (PtD).85 In all business deci- sions, the PtD approach emphasizes the importance of designing out, or at least minimizing, occupational haz- ards early in the design stage to prevent occupational in- juries and illnesses. The first step for the PtD launch was the 2007 National Workshop, at which stakeholders from eight sectors including construction-convened to formulate the PtD strategy. 85 Construction Hazard Pre- vention through Design (CHPtD) is a procedure in which construction engineers and architects consider the safety of construction workers as they design a facility.86 CHPTD has been recognized and implemented inter- nationally as a feasible method to reduce occupational hazards in construction-in particular in the United Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHP+D) is a procedure in which construction engineers and architects consider the safety of construction workers as they design a facility. Kingdom (UK) and Australia. 87 In 1995, the UK passed a law requiring architects and construction engineers to incorporate CHPtD when designing facilities.86 In contrast, in the United States, many professional organizations were not aware of the NIOSH PtD initiative in 2007. In all countries, there seem to be similar challenges in implementing CHPtD, such as designers' lack of safety expertise and additional costs, 86 but in the United States. ## A success story: One corporation's construction safety and health management system84 s a result of a partnership between AMEC Construction Management, Inc., and OSHA-a partnership A that …

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# Injuries Are Not Accidents: Construction Will Be Safe When It's Designed to Be Safe (cont.) ## Final thoughts (cont.) CASE STUDY 4: Injuries Are Not Accidents LESSONS LEARNED safety in construction. Issuing a national OSH-MS frame- work for the construction sector should not be an im- possible task. In fact, models already exist, including OSHA's Draft Proposed Safety and Health Program Rule of 1998, ILO-OSH 2001, and ANSI ZIO. It is also vital to keep the momentum going on Con- struction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD). The stakeholders who participated in the National PtD Workshop felt strongly that a government regulation on CHPTD is not a viable short-term strategy-but that it is important for governmental agencies to continue lead- ing the CHPtD movement. CHPtD is also an avenue to incorporate construction workers' safety and health in green building and other sustainability programs. ## NIOSH-FACE Program recommendations for employers to prevent collisions¹ • Develop, implement, and enforce a policy that requires workers on foot to maintain a safe clearance from mobile equipment and train all workers regarding this policy. • Develop, implement, and enforce a policy that requires mobile equipment operators to operate mobile equipment in accordance with safety guidance provided in the equipment operator's manual and provide additional training to all mobile equipment operators regarding this policy. - Consider conducting a pre-work safety meet- ing each day to discuss the work to be per- formed, potential safety hazards and safe work procedures, and means to be used for com- municating changes to the work plan. • Ensure that personal protective equipment, including high-visibility clothing, is provided and used in accordance with company policy. The media often portray construction injuries and fatalities as unpreventable tragedies. It is critical to identify ways to reduce the growing number of fatal and non-fatal injuries among immi- gr…

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# Injuries Are Not Accidents: Construction Will Be Safe When It's Designed to Be Safe (cont.) ## NIOSH-FACE Program recommendations for employers to prevent collisions¹ (cont.) CASE STUDY 4: Injuries Are Not Accidents # CASE STUDY 4 — TIMELINE <table><tr><th>YEAR</th><th>EVENT</th></tr><tr><td>1971</td><td>The first OSHA standards are published in the Federal Register on May 29, 1971, including those for construction. Safety and health standards for the construction industry are found in "Part 1926" under Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).98</td></tr><tr><td>1973</td><td>The Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health (ACCSH) is established to advise OSHA on setting construction standards and policy matters.99</td></tr><tr><td>1978</td><td>At the construction site for a power plant in Willow Island, West Virginia, scaffolding around the cooling tower collapses, killing 51 workers.98</td></tr><tr><td>1978</td><td>In Bridgeport, Connecticut, the collapse of the L'Ambiance Plaza building, under construction, kills 28 workers.98</td></tr><tr><td>1982</td><td>OSHA formally announces the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) to recognize workplaces with exemplary safety and health management systems and designates the first VPP site.100</td></tr><tr><td>1986</td><td>The International Standardization Organization adopts its Quality Management 9000 Series.81</td></tr><tr><td>1988</td><td>The International Labour Organization (ILO) adopts its Safety and Health in Construction Convention (No. 167, 1988).82</td></tr><tr><td>1989</td><td>OSHA issues its voluntary guidelines for safety and health program management. 101</td></tr><tr><td>1990s</td><td>Several major construction safety and health standards are finalized.98</td></tr><tr><td>1994</td><td>OSHA begins its focused inspection initiative for contractors who have established and fully implemented a corporate safety and health program and site-specific plans. 11</td></tr><tr><td>1996</td><td>The I…

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# Table 9. Rates of Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation Groups Massachusetts, 1991-1999 and U.S., 1992-1999 (cont.) ## Falls to lower levels were the leading event among older workers. (cont.) Number _ Rate 35 3.0 30 2.7 30 2.5 26 25 21 2.0 20 20 Number 16 1.5 Rate per 100,000 workers 15 10 5 5 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0.0 20 24 2534 35-44 4554 55-64 65+ Age group of workers NOTE: Rates are not presented for age groups with fewer than 5 fatalities. Employment data from the Current Population Survey for 1995 is used to calculate rates. ## Preventing Falls to Lower Levels in the Workplace Surveillance findings underscore falls in construction as a priority for prevention in Massachusetts. Falls in this industry division should not simply be accepted as part of the job. Comprehensive work- site fall prevention programs, including the use of fall protection systems, can reduce the risk of fall injuries in construction. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has established standards for fall protection in construction workplaces (Subpart M, Fall Protection, 29 CFR 126.500- 1926.503). Employers should develop and implement comprehensive fall protection programs that, at a minimum, meet these OSHA requirements. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends the following elements as a guide for employers and workers in developing fall-protection programs: 16 • Address all aspects of safety and hazards in the planning phase of projects - Train employees in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and the OSHA regulations applicable to their work environment • Provide appropriate fall protection equipment - Train workers on the proper use of fall protection equipment, enforce its use, and inspect equipment daily - Conduct scheduled and unscheduled safety inspections of the work-site • Address environmental conditions, language differences, alternative methods/equipment to perform assigned tasks…

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HEAT ILLNESS. Workplace Safety is No Accident MASSsafety Works! Temperatures of 80 degrees 225 Fahrenheit or higher put all outdoor workers at risk. Risk increases with high humidity, sun exposure, high workload, & time outdoors. ## Employers should establish a program to prevent heat illness. - Provide one (1) quart of water per hour for each worker. - Provide easy access to shade or air-conditioned space for breaks. - Require breaks to cool down. Make more frequent and longer when it's hotter (5-20 minutes per hour.) - Build workers' heat tolerance by gradually increasing workloads and allowing frequent breaks for new workers and those returning after a week or more off. - Train workers to recognize symptoms of heat illness, what to do when they occur, and when to call 9-1-1. ## If a worker experiences: Take these actions: Headache or nausea. Weakness or dizziness. Heavy sweating. Elevated body temperature. Thirst or decreased urine output. Fainting, vomiting, or lightheaded. Give water to drink. Remove unnecessary clothing. Move to a cooler area. Cool with water, ice, or a fan. Do not leave alone. Seek medical care or call 9-1-1. Heat Stroke: A worker experiencing loss of consciousness, disorientation, slurred or garbled speech, hallucinations, seizure is having HEAT STROKE. Call 911. This is life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Move them to a cool place, remove unnecessary clothing and cool them down with water and ice as much as possible. MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STANDARDS For more information, visit www.osha.gov/heat MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF LABOR & WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT

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# Table 9. Rates of Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation Groups Massachusetts, 1991-1999 and U.S., 1992-1999 (cont.) ## Patterns of workplace homicide differ from patterns of homicide in general (cont.) Chart 15. Workplace Homicide by Circumstance Massachusetts, 1991-1999 (N = 51) Personal acquain- tance 10% Work associate- Robbery 16% 49% Other crimes 25% ## Preventing Violence in the Workplace Workplace violence cannot be considered independently from violence in the community at large. Efforts to prevent violence in the community should contribute to reduction of injuries due to violence at work. At the same time, it is important to recognize that specific efforts can and should be made to address violence in the workplace. As discussed, patterns of workplace homicides are distinct from patterns of homicide in the community in general and point to unique opportunities for violence prevention. While specific approaches will vary depending by the type of workplace, there are steps that most workplaces can take to address risk factors that have been identified. These risk factors include: 21 • Contact with the public • Exchange of money • Delivery of passengers, goods, or services - Having a mobile workplace (i.e. taxicab, police cruiser) • Working with unstable persons in health care, social services, or criminal justice settings • Working alone or in small numbers - Working late at night or during early morning hours - Guarding valuable property or possessions - Working in high-crime areas - Working in community-based settings The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has recommended that workplace violence prevention programs should include: ## 1) Management commitment Management should develop and publicize a written "zero tolerance for violence" policy. A written program should include a policy statement, a system of record keeping, and a program of responsibilities and actions in the event of violence. Implementat…

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# Injuries Are Not Accidents: Construction Will Be Safe When It's Designed to Be Safe (cont.) ## A success story: One corporation's construction safety and health management system84 (cont.) CASE STUDY 4: Injuries Are Not Accidents LESSONS LEARNED there are some distinct concerns in moving the CHPtD effort further. The most important of these is US archi- tects' and engineers' fear of liability for not following standard practices. In contrast, in the United Kingdom and Australia, liability is less of a concern because of leg- islative requirements for safety. The construction sector stakeholders in the National Workshop developed seven recommendations to sustain CHPTD in the United States (see sidebar).87 Research has identified three distinct benefits of CHPtD: (1) Project decisions that dramatically influence project safety occur early in the project, and are usually made by designers and owners. (2) Since many construc- tion hazards are associated with forces, stresses, dynamic motion, and electricity, it would clearly be beneficial to ## Seven recommendations to sustain CHPTD in the United States87 I. Gather, combine, and share programs, checklists, best practices,...customized by type of construction and firm size. 2. Develop case studies for owners and designers. 3. Clarify liability issues with insurers and attorneys to distinguish between real versus perceived liability. 4. Create PtD education for continuing education units (CEUs) that are required for Professional Engineer and Registered Architect certification renewals in some states. 5. Develop consensus PtD standards (ANSI, building code, etc.) to define PtD and the PtD process. 6. Apply LEED/sustainability experiences to spread PtD. 7. Collaborate with and educate key profes- sional organizations (American Institute of Architects, Construction Industry Institute, and Construction Users Roundtable). include site safety in design decisions (e.g., regarding soil cave-ins, the safety of cran…

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# Injuries Are Not Accidents: Construction Will Be Safe When It's Designed to Be Safe (cont.) ## Address contributing factors (cont.) CASE STUDY 4: Injuries Are Not Accidents LESSONS LEARNED our key strategies emerge from our analysis of 'construction safety and health: (1) implementing management systems in construction safety and health; (2) implementing construction hazards preven- tion through design (CHPtD); (3) enhancing training and other supports for immigrant construction workers; and (4) engaging the media to raise awareness and im- prove safety and health in construction. ## Need for an occupational safety and health management systems approach A complex, very hazardous, dynamic, and fast-paced in- dustry needs a comprehensive and systematic OSH solu- tion. One of the best such approaches is an occupational safety and health management system (OSH-MS). An OSH-MS encompasses every critical function through the plan-do-check-act cycle: workplace policy planning and set-up, implementation and operation of the sys- tem, evaluation of the system, and continual improve- ment of OSH performance. OSHA qualifies for focused inspections those construction contractors that have a comprehensive OSH program (i.e., an OSH-MS) in place at their sites. Without an OSH-MS, many companies (and not only in the construction field) approach safety and health sporadically. Some corrective action might be taken when serious incidents occur, but these actions rarely tackle root causes or aim toward continual improvement. All too often, incident reporting and tracking are not taken seriously. It is tempting to cut corners when facing dead- lines. Even when programs are established at worksites, their goal often seems to be compliance with a certain standard rather than preventing and minimizing as many hazards as possible.79 Management systems have been gaining in popularity ever since the International Organization for Standard- ization (ISO) passed its Quality Management…

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# 454 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STANDARDS 28.09: continued (3) Fulfillment of the asbestos project notification requirements of the MassDEP through submission of a completed Notification Form ANF-001 (BWP AQ-04) with the appropriate fee where required, satisfies the notification requirements of 454 CMR 28.09. (4) Fulfillment of the notification requirements of 454 CMR 28.09 shall not relieve the Asbestos Contractor, operator of the project or facility owner of the responsibility for making written notification as may be required by any other municipality, agency of the Commonwealth, or any agency of the federal government. ## 28.10: Work Practices and Other Requirements for Asbestos Response Actions (1) Required Use of Certified Asbestos Contractors. Except as allowed by 454 CMR 28.10(1)(a), only Asbestos Contractors certified pursuant to 454 CMR 28.03(2) and 28.05 shall carry out Asbestos Response Actions. - Exception to Certification Requirement for Entities Conducting Response Actions in their Own Facilities. Persons, firms, corporations or other entities who carry out Asbestos Response Actions at their own property or usual place of business or employment using their own regular employees or Responsible Persons need not be licensed as Asbestos Contractors, provided that the requirements of 454 CMR 28.10(2) and (3) are met, and the work is otherwise conducted in accordance with the applicable requirements of 454 CMR 28.00. Uncertified entities who conduct Response Actions in their own Facilities shall be responsible for complying with the notification requirements of 454 CMR 28.09. (2) Requirement for On-site Supervisor. The Responsible Persons of the certified Asbestos Contractor or other entity carrying out an Asbestos Response Action must ensure that a licensed Asbestos Supervisor who is an employee or Responsible Person of said Asbestos Contractor or entity is present at the work site and in control of the work at all times when work is in progress. (3…

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# Injuries Are Not Accidents: Construction Will Be Safe When It's Designed to Be Safe (cont.) ## Immigrant construction workers and the nature of their work (cont.) for nearly 40 percent of all deaths of Hispanic construction workers, compared to 31 percent for white non-Hispanics. 13.68.71 Furthermore, Dong and colleagues showed that Hispanic workers were 53 percent more likely to have medical conditions resulting from work-related injuries than their white non-Hispanic counterparts, but 48 percent less likely to receive payment for medical costs from workers' compensation. 63 The average medical cost per injury was about $210 more (12.4 percent higher) for Hispanic construction workers than for white non-Hispanic workers.63 New immigrant workers-in particular undoc- umented workers-experience communication, legal, and cultural barriers to understanding and exercising their workplace rights.63 Many undocu- mented immigrant workers are day laborers hired from street corners. They are often employed in dangerous conditions and afraid to speak up for their rights for fear of possible retaliation. 72.73 Undocumented day laborers have few job alterna- tives because of their lack of work authorization, weak English, relative youth, limited formal edu- cation, and lack of job experience. 72 The majority are hired by non-union residential construction contractors or directly by landlords/homeowners to carry out tasks such as roofing (e.g., carrying shingles up to the roof), demolition, drywall in- stallation, painting, and repairs carried out on ladders or scaffolds.72 These employers have typi- cally little awareness of occupational safety and health concerns and rarely use measures to prevent injuries and illnesses (e.g., guard rails and other fall prevention systems, training, personal protec- tive equipment).72 ## Government action Since the passage of the OSHAct, OSHA has de- veloped and adopted a number of standards for the construction sector. Most recently, in…

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# Table 9. Rates of Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation Groups Massachusetts, 1991-1999 and U.S., 1992-1999 (cont.) ## 2) Work-site analysis Identification and analysis of potential problem areas is a necessary prelude to implementing effective control measures. Part of this process involves studying the history of violence in the community and workplace to better understand the scope and nature of potential violence. A comprehensive physical inspection of the work-site to document areas where controls are in order is also necessary. ## 3) Environmental controls Controls will vary with the work setting. Measures may include: enhanced lighting at strategic outside locations and enhanced street visibility; installation of security devices such as alarms, mirrors and video cameras; and design of entrances and exits to deter access by unauthorized persons and eliminate hiding places. In retail and other establishments where money is exchanged, the installation of bulletproof glass can provide workers with physical protection, while using drop safes and posting signs about limited cash availability may also serve as deterrents. In other settings where the public or clients may pose a threat, additional controls may include the provision of separate and locked bathroom facilities for staff, the installation of panic buttons and alarms, and the use of card key access systems. ## 4) Administrative controls Staffing patterns are among the foremost violence prevention administrative measures. Increasing the number of staff on site is only one possible control. Particular activities may carry increased risk, such as transporting patients or storing money. Increased staffing policies should be implemented for such activities. Using trained security guards is another way of improving workplace security. Employee training and education on hazard recognition, safe work practices, and conflict resolution is another form of administrative control. Instructing employees i…