Substation safety

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules AO 2-2017 Division 2 - (a) Where a cable in a manhole or vault has one or more abnormalities that could lead to a fault or be an indication of an impending fault, the employer must deenergize the cable with the abnormality before any employee may work in the manhole or vault, except when service-load conditions and a lack of feasible alternatives require that the cable remain energized. In that case, employees may enter the manhole or vault provided the employer protects them from the possible effects of a failure using shields or other devices that are capable of containing the adverse effects of a fault. The employer must treat the following abnormalities as indications of impending faults unless the employer can demonstrate that the conditions could not lead to a fault: Oil or compound leaking from cable or joints, broken cable sheaths or joint sleeves, hot localized surface temperatures of cables or joints, or joints swollen beyond normal tolerance. - (b) If the work employees will perform in a manhole or vault could cause a fault in a cable, the employer must deenergize that cable before any employee works in the manhole or vault, except when service-load conditions and a lack of feasible alternatives require that the cable remain energized. In that case, employees may enter the manhole or vault provided the employer protects them from the possible effects of a failure using shields or other devices that are capable of containing the adverse effects of a fault. - (9) Sheath continuity. When employees perform work on buried cable or on cable in a manhole or vault, the employer must maintain metallic-sheath continuity, or the cable sheath must be treated as energized. Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4) Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist.: OR OSHA Admin. Order 3 2015, f. 10/9/15, ef. 1/1/16. - - ## [redacted phone] Substations This paragraph provides additi…

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Division 2 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (2) The procedures also incorporate the requirements of paragraphs (b)(2)(iii)(D) and (b)(2)(iv)(B) of this section. - (i) Procedures. The employer shall maintain a written copy of the procedures outlined in paragraph (b)(2) and shall make it available for inspection by employees and by the Assistant Secretary of Labor and his or her authorized representatives. - Note: The written procedures may be in the form of a copy of paragraph (b) of this section. - (ii) Deenergizing equipment. - (A) Safe procedures for deenergizing circuits and equipment shall be determined before circuits or equipment are deenergized. - (B) The circuits and equipment to be worked on shall be disconnected from all electric energy sources. Control circuit devices, such as push buttons, selector switches, and interlocks, may not be used as the sole means for deenergizing circuits or equipment. Interlocks for electric equipment may not be used as a substitute for lockout and tagging procedures. - (C) Stored electric energy which might endanger personnel shall be released. Capacitors shall be discharged and high capacitance elements shall be short-circuited and grounded, if the stored electric energy might endanger personnel. - Note: If the capacitors or associated equipment are handled in meeting this requirement, they shall be treated as energized. - (D) Stored non-electrical energy in devices that could reenergize electric circuit parts shall be blocked or relieved to the extent that the circuit parts could not be accidentally energized by the device. - (iii) Application of locks and tags. - (A) A lock and a tag shall be placed on each disconnecting means used to deenergize circuits and equipment on which work is to be performed, except as provided in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii)(C) and (b)(2)(iii)(E) of this section. The lock shall be attached so as to prevent persons from operating the disconnecting means un…

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules AO 2-2017 Division 2 ## [redacted phone] Power generation installations This rule provides additional requirements and related work practices for power generating plants. - (1) Interlocks and other safety devices. - (a) Interlocks and other safety devices must be maintained in a safe, operable condition. - (b) No interlock or other safety device may be modified to defeat its function, except for test, repair, or adjustment of the device. - (2) Changing brushes. Before exciter or generator brushes are changed while the generator is in service, the exciter or generator field must be checked to determine whether a ground condition exists. The brushes may not be changed while the generator is energized if a ground condition exists. - (3) Access and working space. The employer must provide and maintain sufficient access and working space around electric equipment to permit ready and safe operation and maintenance. Note to paragraph (3) of this rule: American National Standard: National Electrical Safety Code, ANSI/IEEE C2-2012 contains guidelines for the dimensions of access and working space about electric equipment in substations. Installations meeting the ANSI provisions comply with paragraph (3) of this rule. Oregon OSHA will determine whether an installation that does not conform to this ANSI standard complies with paragraph (3) of this rule based on the following criteria: Whether the installation conforms to the edition of ANSI C2 that was in effect when the installation was made; Whether the configuration of the installation enables employees to maintain the minimum approach distances, established by the employer under paragraph (3)(a) of this section, while the employees are working on exposed, energized parts, and; Whether the precautions taken when employees perform work on the installation provide protection equivalent to the protection provided by access and working space me…

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules Division 2 - Note 1: Examples of increased or additional hazards include interruption of life support equipment, deactivation of emergency alarm systems, shutdown of hazardous location ventilation equipment, or removal of illumination for an area. - Note 2: Examples of work that may be performed on or near energized circuit parts because of infeasibility due to equipment design or operational limitations include testing of electric circuits that can only be performed with the circuit energized and work on circuits that form an integral part of a continuous industrial process in a chemical plant that would otherwise need to be completely shut down in order to permit work on one circuit or piece of equipment. Note 3: Work on or near deenergized parts is covered by paragraph (b) of this section. - (2) Energized parts. If the exposed live parts are not deenergized (i.e., for reasons of increased or additional hazards or infeasibility), other safetyrelated work practices shall be used to protect employees who may be exposed to the electrical hazards involved. Such work practices shall protect employees against contact with energized circuit parts directly with any part of their body or indirectly through some other conductive object. The work practices that are used shall be suitable for the conditions under which the work is to be performed and for the voltage level of the exposed electric conductors or circuit parts. Specific work practice requirements are detailed in paragraph (c) of this section. - (b) Working on or near exposed deenergized parts. - (1) Application. This paragraph applies to work on exposed deenergized parts or near enough to them to expose the employee to any electrical hazard they present. Conductors and parts of electric equipment that have been deenergized but have not been locked out or tagged in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section shall be treated as energ…

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Division 2 - (C) If a lock cannot be applied, or if the employer can demonstrate that tagging procedures will provide a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock, a tag may be used without a lock. - (D) A tag used without a lock, as permitted by paragraph (b)(2)(iii)(C) of this section, shall be supplemented by at least one additional safety measure that provides a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock. Examples of additional safety measures include the removal of an isolating circuit element, blocking of a controlling switch, or opening of an extra disconnecting device. - (E) A lock may be placed without a tag only under the following conditions: - (1) Only one circuit or piece of equipment is deenergized, and - (2) The lockout period does not extend beyond the work shift, and - (3) Employees exposed to the hazards associated with reenergizing the circuit or equipment are familiar with this procedure. - (iv) Verification of deenergized condition. The requirements of this paragraph shall be met before any circuits or equipment can be considered and worked as deenergized. - (A) A qualified person shall operate the equipment operating controls or otherwise verify that the equipment cannot be restarted. - (B) A qualified person shall use test equipment to test the circuit elements and electrical parts of equipment to which employees will be exposed and shall verify that the circuit elements and equipment parts are deenergized. The test shall also determine if any energized condition exists as a result of inadvertently induced voltage or unrelated voltage backfeed even though specific parts of the circuit have been deenergized and presumed to be safe. If the circuit to be tested is over 600 volts, nominal, the test equipment shall be checked for proper operation immediately before and immediately after this test. - (v) Reenergizing equipment. These requirements shall be met, in the order given, before circuits or equipm…

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Division 2 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (iii) If the insulating capability of protective equipment may be subject to damage during use, the insulating material shall be protected. (For example, an outer-covering of leather is sometimes used for the protection of rubber insulating material.) - (iv) Employees shall wear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a danger of head injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with exposed energized parts. - (v) Employees shall wear protective equipment for the eyes or face wherever there is danger of injury to the eyes or face from electric arcs or flashes or from flying objects resulting from electrical explosion. - (2) General protective equipment and tools. - (i) When working near exposed energized conductors or circuit parts, each employee shall use insulated tools or handling equipment if the tools or handling equipment might make contact with such conductors or parts. If the insulating capability of insulated tools or handling equipment is subject to damage, the insulating material shall be protected. - (A) Fuse handling equipment, insulated for the circuit voltage, shall be used to remove or install fuses when the fuse terminals are energized. - (B) Ropes and handlines used near exposed energized parts shall be nonconductive. - (ii) Protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating materials shall be used to protect each employee from shock, burns, or other electrically related injuries while that employee is working near exposed energized parts which might be accidentally contacted or where dangerous electric heating or arcing might occur. When normally enclosed live parts are exposed for maintenance or repair, they shall be guarded to protect unqualified persons from contact with the live parts. - (b) Alerting techniques. The following alerting techniques shall be used to warn and protect employees from hazards which could cause injury due to ele…

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Division 2 AO 2-2017 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (A) Arc-rated protection is not necessary for the employee's hands when the employee is wearing rubber insulating gloves with protectors or, if the estimated incident energy is no more than 14 cal/cm2, heavy-duty leather work gloves with a weight of at least 407 gm/m2 (12 oz/yd2), - (B) Arc-rated protection is not necessary for the employee's feet when the employee is wearing heavy-duty work shoes or boots, - (C) Arc-rated protection is not necessary for the employee's head when the employee is wearing head protection meeting [redacted phone](9) and 437003-0134(9) if the estimated incident energy is less than 9 cal/cm2 for exposures involving single-phase arcs in open air or 5 cal/cm2 for other exposures, - (D) The protection for the employee's head may consist of head protection meeting [redacted phone](9) and [redacted phone](9), and a faceshield with a minimum arc rating of 8 cal/cm2 if the estimated incident-energy exposure is less than 13 cal/cm2 for exposures involving single-phase arcs in open air or 9 cal/cm2 for other exposures, and - (E) For exposures involving single phase arcs in open air, the arc rating for the employee's head and face protection may be 4 cal/cm2 less than the estimated incident energy. Note to paragraph (8): See Appendix E to Division 2/RR for further information on the selection of appropriate protection. - (9) Fuse handling. When an employee must install or remove fuses with one or both terminals energized at more than 300 volts, or with exposed parts energized at more than 50 volts, the employer must ensure that the employee uses tools or gloves rated for the voltage. When an employee installs or removes expulsiontype fuses with one or both terminals energized at more than 300 volts, the employer must ensure that the employee wears eye protection meeting the requirements of Division 2/I and Division 3/E, uses a tool rated for the …

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules Division 2 - (2) Visual inspection. Test instruments and equipment and all associated test leads, cables, power cords, probes, and connectors shall be visually inspected for external defects and damage before the equipment is used. If there is a defect or evidence of damage that might expose an employee to injury, the defective or damaged item shall be removed from service, and no employee may use it until repairs and tests necessary to render the equipment safe have been made. - (3) Rating of equipment. Test instruments and equipment and their accessories shall be rated for the circuits and equipment to which they will be connected and shall be designed for the environment in which they will be used. - (d) Occasional use of flammable or ignitible materials. Where flammable materials are present only occasionally, electric equipment capable of igniting them shall not be used, unless measures are taken to prevent hazardous conditions from developing. Such materials include, but are not limited to: flammable gases, vapors, or liquids; combustible dust; and ignitible fibers or flyings. Note: Electrical installation requirements for locations where flammable materials are present on a regular basis are contained in 1910.307. [55 FR [redacted postal code], Aug. 6, 1990] Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(4). Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 through 654.295. Hist: OR-OSHA Admin. Order 2-1991, f. 2/4/91, ef. 4/1/91. ## 1910.335 Safeguards for Personnel Protection - (a) Use of protective equipment. - (1) Personal protective equipment. - (i) Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards shall be provided with, and shall use, electrical protective equipment that is appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed. Note: Personal protective equipment requirements are contained in subpart I of this part. - (ii) Protect…

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Division 2 AO 2-2017 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Whether the installation conforms to the edition of ANSI C2 that was in effect when the installation was made. Whether the configuration of the installation enables employees to maintain the minimum approach distances, established by the employer under paragraph (3)(a) of [redacted phone], while the employees are working on exposed, energized parts, and Whether the precautions taken when employees perform work on the installation provide protection equivalent to the protection provided by access and working space meeting ANSI/IEEE C2-2012. - (2) Draw-out-type circuit breakers. The employer must ensure that, when employees remove or insert draw-out-type circuit breakers, the breaker is in the open position. The employer must also render the control circuit inoperable if the design of the equipment permits. - (3) Substation fences. Conductive fences around substations must be grounded. When a substation fence is expanded or a section is removed, fence sections must be isolated, grounded, or bonded as necessary to protect employees from hazardous differences in electric potential. Note to paragraph (3): IEEE Std 80-2000, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding, contains guidelines for protection against hazardous differences in electric potential. - (4) Guarding of rooms and other spaces containing electric supply equipment. - (a) Rooms and other spaces in which electric supply lines or equipment are installed must meet the requirements of paragraphs (4)(a) through (4)(e) of this rule under the following conditions: - (A) If exposed live parts operating at 50 to 150 volts to ground are within 2.4 meters (8 feet) of the ground or other working surface inside the room or other space, - (B) If live parts operating at 151 to 600 volts to ground and located within 2.4 meters (8 feet) of the ground or other working surface inside the room or other space are guard…

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- (3) Subsection (2) does not apply to switching work carried out using a switching device where an adequate written procedure has been established by the employer. Subsection 125(3) replaced: O.I.C. 2000-130, N.S. Reg. 52/2000; amended: O.I.C. 2013-65, N.S. Reg. 53/2013. - (4) Where compliance with the personal protective equipment requirements and normal work procedures in effect at the workplace is inadequate to control the risk of exposure to an electrical hazard during work on an energized electrical installation due to an unusual factor in the nature of the work, such as the location or condition of the workplace, a competent person not actively engaged in the work shall be designated as a safety watcher to observe a person who is working on or near an energized electrical installation. - (5 ) A safety watcher required by subsection (4) shall - (a) warn all persons working on or near an energized electrical installation of any potential hazards; - (b) ensure that the requirements of this Part are complied with; - (c) be a competent person able to evaluate relevant hazards, and competent and equipped to initiate a rescue; - (d) be free of any other duties that might interfere with the duties outlined in this subsection; - (e) have the authority to stop work where the task or conditions in the workplace become hazardous; and - (f) remain in the immediate vicinity of the work. - 126 (1) In this Section and in Section 128, 'authority' means an electrical utility whose primary business is the generation or distribution of electricity. - (2) No person shall carry out work that may bring a person or object closer than 6.0 m to an overhead energized power line or power line equipment where the voltage of the overhead energized power line is not known to the person carrying out the work. - (3) Where work is performed in close proximity to an energized overhead power line or power line equipment rated at less than 750 v phase to phase, an employer shall ensure that the …

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules AO 2-2017 Division 2 - (b) Fences, screens, partitions, or walls must enclose the rooms and other spaces so as to minimize the possibility that unqualified persons will enter. - (c) Unqualified persons may not enter the rooms or other spaces while the electric supply lines or equipment are energized. - (d) The employer must display signs at entrances to the rooms and other spaces warning unqualified persons to keep out. - (e) The employer must keep each entrance to a room or other space locked, unless the entrance is under the observation of a person who is attending the room or other space for the purpose of preventing unqualified employees from entering. - (5) Guarding of energized parts. - (a) The employer must provide guards around all live parts operating at more than 150 volts to ground without an insulating covering unless the location of the live parts gives sufficient clearance (horizontal, vertical, or both) to minimize the possibility of accidental employee contact. Note to paragraph (5)(a): American National Standard: National Electrical Safety Code, ANSI/IEEE C2-2002 contains guidelines for the dimensions of clearance distances about electric equipment in substations. Installations meeting the ANSI provisions comply with paragraph (5)(a) of this rule. Oregon OSHA will determine whether an installation that does not conform to this ANSI standard complies with paragraph (5)(a) of this rule based on the following criteria: Whether the installation conforms to the edition of ANSI C2 that was in effect when the installation was made, Whether each employee is isolated from energized parts at the point of closest approach; and Whether the precautions taken when employees perform work on the installation provide protection equivalent to the protection provided by horizontal and vertical clearances meeting ANSI/IEEE C2-2002. - (b) Except for fuse replacement and other necessary a…

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Division 2 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (A) A qualified person shall conduct tests and visual inspections, as necessary, to verify that all tools, electrical jumpers, shorts, grounds, and other such devices have been removed, so that the circuits and equipment can be safely energized. - (B) Employees exposed to the hazards associated with reenergizing the circuit or equipment shall be warned to stay clear of circuits and equipment. - (C) Each lock and tag shall be removed by the employee who applied it or under his or her direct supervision. However, if this employee is absent from the workplace, then the lock or tag may be removed by a qualified person designated to perform this task provided that: - (1) The employer ensures that the employee who applied the lock or tag is not available at the workplace, and - (2) The employer ensures that the employee is aware that the lock or tag has been removed before he or she resumes work at that workplace. - (D) There shall be a visual determination that all employees are clear of the circuits and equipment. - (c) Working on or near exposed energized parts. - (1) Application. This paragraph applies to work performed on exposed live parts (involving either direct contact or contact by means of tools or materials) or near enough to them for employees to be exposed to any hazard they present. - (2) Work on energized equipment. Only qualified persons may work on electric circuit parts or equipment that have not been deenergized under the procedures of paragraph (b) of this section. Such persons shall be capable of working safely on energized circuits and shall be familiar with the proper use of special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools. Note: 1910.333(c)(3) introductory text and (c)(3)(i) are repealed in Oregon. In Oregon, OAR [redacted phone] applies. - (3) Overhead lines. Note: The work practices…

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- 123 (1) Where a person is required to work on an energized electrical installation, an employer shall, as necessary in the circumstances, provide a person with all protective equipment and devices - (a) necessary to work safely on an energized electrical installation; and - (b) that comply with the latest version of the applicable standard listed below: - (i) ASTM D120, 'Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Gloves', - (ii) ASTM D1051, 'Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Sleeves', - (iii) ASTM D1048, 'Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Blankets', - (iv) ASTM D1050, 'Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Line Hose', - (v) ASTM D1049, 'Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Covers', - (vi) ASTM D 178, 'Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting', - (vii) ASTM F696, 'Standard Specification for Leather Protectors for Rubber Insulating Gloves and Mittens', and - (viii) ASTM F711, 'Standard Specification for Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Rod and Tube Used in Live Line Tools'. Clause 123(1)(b) replaced: O.I.C. 2000-130, N.S. Reg. 52/2000; amended: O.I.C. 2013-65, N.S. Reg. 53/2013. - (2) A person who is required to work on an energized electrical installation shall use the appropriate protective equipment or devices required under subsection (1). - 124 (1) An employer shall ensure that a person who handles an energized power line or power line equipment rated at greater than 15 000 v to ground uses hot line tools to do so, in addition to other personal protective equipment required in the circumstances. - (2) A person may use rubber gloves instead of hot line tools to handle energized power lines or power line equipment rated at greater than 750 v phase to phase, where a written work procedure has been adopted as a code of practice by order of the Director for use in such circumstances. Subsection 124(2) amended: O.I.C. 2000-130, N.S. Reg. 52/2000. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_…

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Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Oregon Administrative Rules AO 2-2017 Division 2 Note 2 to paragraph (8)(b): This paragraph does not require the employer to estimate the incident heat energy exposure for every job task performed by each employee. The employer may make broad estimates that cover multiple system areas provided the employer uses reasonable assumptions about the energy-exposure distribution throughout the system and provided the estimates represent the maximum employee exposure for those areas. For example, the employer could estimate the heat energy just outside a substation feeding a radial distribution system and use that estimate for all jobs performed on that radial system. - (c) The employer must ensure that each employee who is exposed to hazards from flames or electric arcs does not wear clothing that could melt onto their skin or that could ignite and continue to burn when exposed to flames or the heat energy estimated under paragraph (8)(b) of this rule. - Note to paragraph (8)(c) of this rule: This paragraph prohibits clothing made from acetate, nylon, polyester, rayon and polypropylene, either alone or in blends, unless the employer demonstrates that the fabric has been treated to withstand the conditions that may be encountered by the employee or that the employee wears the clothing in such a manner as to eliminate the hazard involved. - (d) The employer must ensure that the outer layer of clothing worn by an employee, except for clothing not required to be arc rated under paragraphs (8)(e)(A) through (8)(e)(E) of this rule, is flame resistant under any of the following conditions: - (A) The employee is exposed to contact with energized circuit parts operating at more than 600 volts, - (B) An electric arc could ignite flammable material in the work area that, in turn, could ignite the employee's clothing, - (C) Molten metal or electric arcs from faulted conductors in the work area could ignite the employee's clothing, or…

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Division 2 AO 2-2017 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (B) If live parts operating at 151 to 600 volts to ground and located within 2.4 meters (8 feet) of the ground or other working surface inside the room or other space are guarded only by location, as permitted under paragraph (5)(a) of this rule, or - (C) If live parts operating at more than 600 volts to ground are within the room or other space, unless: - (i) The live parts are enclosed within grounded, metal-enclosed equipment whose only openings are designed so that foreign objects inserted in these openings will be deflected from energized parts, or - (ii) The live parts are installed at a height, above ground and any other working surface, that provides protection at the voltage on the live parts corresponding to the protection provided by a 2.4-meter (8-foot) height at 50 volts. - (b) Fences, screens, partitions, or walls must enclose the rooms and other spaces so as to minimize the possibility that unqualified persons will enter. - (c) Unqualified persons may not enter the rooms or other spaces while the electric supply lines or equipment are energized. - (d) The employer must display signs at entrances to the rooms and other spaces warning unqualified persons to keep out. - (e) The employer must keep each entrance to a room or other space locked, unless the entrance is under the observation of a person who is attending the room or other space for the purpose of preventing unqualified employees from entering. ## (5) Guarding of energized parts. - (a) The employer must provide guards around all live parts operating at more than 150 volts to ground without an insulating covering unless the location of the live parts gives sufficient clearance (horizontal, vertical, or both) to minimize the possibility of accidental employee contact. Note to paragraph (5)(a): American National Standard: National Electrical Safety Code, ANSI/IEEE C2-2002 contains guidelines fo…

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Division 2 AO 2-2017 Oregon Administrative Rules Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division - (d) Proper identification and warning signs must be posted at all entrances to battery rooms or compartments. - (6) Substation entry. - (a) Upon entering an attended substation, each employee, other than employees regularly working in the station, must report their presence to the employee in charge of substation activities to receive information on special system conditions affecting employee safety. - (b) The job briefing required by [redacted phone] Job Briefing, Division 2/RR; must cover information on special system conditions affecting employee safety, including the location of energized equipment in or adjacent to the work area and the limits of any deenergized work area. Job briefings apply equally to unattended and attended substations and to employees already working in a substation and employees who enter a substation. - (c) A qualified safety watch must be provided for all other work being performed in any energized substation yard except when the work is separated from all energized equipment by a barrier. - (d) Qualified nonelectrical workers will be allowed to work in substations without barriers and without a safety watch if all the following conditions are observed: - (A) Permission to enter must be obtained from the substation operator or other authorized person. - (B) Each qualified nonelectrical worker must be trained and competent as required by [redacted phone](2)(b) Training, of Division 2/RR, and must have demonstrated proficiencies in the work practices involved as required by [redacted phone](2)(h) Training, Division 2/RR. - Note: Employees who have not demonstrated proficiency in the work practices involved are considered to be undergoing on-the-job training and must be under the direct supervision of a qualified employee. - (C) The worker must not work off the ground without the specific approval of the person responsible for control of e…