Write a pre-task plan for Heat trace Installation

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WASHINGTON State FACE Program Fatality Assessment & Control Evaluation # CONSTRUCTION INJURY NARRATIVE FACE National Institute for Health NIOSH® INCIDENT FACTS # Apprentice Electrician Suffers Arc Flash Burns ## SUMMARY REPORT #: 71-209-2021 An apprentice electrician suffered severe arc flash burns to his hands and face while attempting to install a breaker into an energized electrical panel. REPORT DATE: September 13, 2021 The apprentice had worked for his employer, an electrical contractor, for three years. INCIDENT DATE: February 27, 2019 WORKER: 45 years old Electrical contractors Apprentice electrician 600amp/480volt electrical panel ## SCENE: ## EVENT TYPE: Arc flash ## INDUSTRY: The plan was for the apprentice to install the breaker into the 600amp/480volt main distribution panel (MDP) while his journey-level electrician coworker stood behind him supervising. ## OCCUPATION: They did not de-energize the panel before starting the job because they believed it was not required. Also, the customer was not required to have a disconnect ahead of the panel. The nearest disconnect was off- site at the public utility transformer. They had done similar jobs in the past, and this panel had been previously inspected and approved by an electrical inspector. Service panel after the arc flash explosion. The apprentice was in the process of removing the heat shrink from the panel hardware when his side cutters slipped and contacted the b and c phases simultaneously, causing the line to fault. He suffered severe arc flash burns to his face and hands. He was not wearing arc flash protective clothing, gloves, or a face shield and his side cutters were not insulated. His coworker rushed him to the hospital. Investigators found: 1) A hazard assessment had not been done prior to starting the task. 2) The employer was unaware of the requirement to de-energize the panel before working on it. 3) The employer did not provide and ensure the apprentice used the…

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# ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL WORK PERMIT ## PART I: TO BE COMPLETED BY THE REQUESTER: Job/Work Order Number: <empty> 1) Description of circuit/equipment/job location: <empty> 2) Description of work to be done: <empty> 3) Justification of why the circuit/equipment cannot be de-energized or the work deferred until the next scheduled outage: <empty> Requester/Title: <empty> Date: <empty> ## PART II: TO BE COMPLETED BY THE ELECTRICALLY QUALIFIED PERSONS DOING THE WORK: <table><tr><th>1)</th><th>Detailed job description procedure to be used in performing the above described work:</th><th>Check when Complete</th></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2)</td><td>Description of the Safe Work Practices to be employed:</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3)</td><td>Results of the Shock Hazard Analysis:</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4)</td><td>Determination of Shock Protection Boundaries:</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5)</td><td>Results of the Flash Hazard Analysis:</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6)</td><td>Determination of the Flash Protection Boundary:</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7)</td><td>Necessary personal protective equipment to safely perform the assigned task:</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8)</td><td>Means employed to restrict the access of unqualified persons from the work area:</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9)</td><td>Evidence of completion of a Job Briefing including discussion of any job-specific hazards:</td><td></td></tr></table> 10) Do you agree the above described work can be done safely? Yes "No (If no, return to requester) Electrically Qualified Person(s) Date Electrically Qualified Person(s) Date ## PART III: APPROVAL(s) TO PERFORM THE WORK WHILE ELECTRICALLY ENERGIZED: Manufacturing Manager Maintenance/Engineering Manager Safety Manager Electrically Knowledgeable Person General Manager Date Note: Once the work is complete, foreword this form to the site Safety Department for review and retention. -1-

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# Maintaining clearances around electric panels (cont.) ## ➤ Grounding (cont.) In addition, portable multiple outlet GFCI's are available for use on construction sites and industrial sites where heavy duty, multiple outlet GFCI's are required. 0000 Heavy Duty GFCI ## Eliminating access to exposed energized parts Covers on openings and approved electrical boxes restrict access to the exposed energized parts inside the openings and boxes. All openings in boxes, enclosures or fittings shall be effectively guarded or closed as per 2340.23. Missing covers and free access to exposed energized electrical parts are very common safety hazards in works involving electricity. However, these are easy to eliminate. Replacing missing covers in electrical panels and boxes, and covering the openings that have unrestricted access to exposed energized electrical parts save workers from the danger of shock and electrocution. # Using proper personal protective equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) provides protection to workers from hazards. Depending on the job task to be performed, PPE for electrical workers generally includes safety glasses, flame-resistant (FR) face shields, hard hats, safety shoes, insulating (rubber) gloves with leather protectors, insulating sleeves, and FR clothing. Additional PPE, such as fall protection equipment, respirators, chemical-resistant or cut-resistant gloves, and chaps, may be needed, depending on the potential hazard in the job. Using proper lockout/tagout procedures ANGER DO NOT OPERATE 7

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# De-Energizing ## An Electrically Safe Work Condition The most important principle of electric safety is, assume electric circuits are energized unless you make sure they are not. Test every circuit and conductor every time you work on them. The National Fire Protection Association lists six steps to ensure conditions for electrically safe work.** - Identify all sources of power to the equipment. Interrupt - the load current, then open the disconnecting devices for each power source. : - Where possible, visually verify that blades of disconnecting devices are fully open or that drawout-type circuit breakers are fully withdrawn. - Apply lockout/tagout devices in accordance with a formal, written policy. - Test each phase conductor or circuit part with an adequately rated voltage detector to verify that the equipment is de-energized. Check the voltage detector before and after each test to be sure it is working. - Properly ground all possible sources of induced voltage and stored electric energy (such as, capacitors) before touching. If conductors or circuit parts that are being de-energized could contact other exposed conductors or circuit parts, apply ground-connecting devices rated for the available fault current. The process of de-energizing is “live” work and can result in an arc flash due to equipment failure. When de- energizing, follow the procedures described below in "Working On or Near Live Circuits." ## Lockout/tagout program Your employer should establish a written lockout/tagout program and train employees in the program. The program should cover planning for locating and labeling energy sources, identifying employees at risk, how and by whom the equipment is de-energized, releasing of stored energy, verifying that the circuit is de-energized and can't be restarted, voltage testing, grounding requirements, shift changes, coordination with other jobs in progress, a procedure for keeping track of all involved personnel, applying and removing…

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# Electrical Safety Protecting Employees from Electrical Hazards Electrical Safety focuses on preventing electrocution and other electrical hazards by establishing standards for electrical equipment, work practices, and training, with a strong emphasis on lockout/tagout procedures and safe distances from energized lines. Injury Free Culture IF? What IF I could go my entire career Injury Free? Injury Free is a cultural attitude. It is a way of thinking that prevents injuries, makin safety a high priority at both the personal and organizational levels. ## Common Causes of Electrocution . Contact with Overheard Power lines • Contact with Live Circuits [redacted email] • Not following Lock/Tag-out procedures - Poorly Maintained Extension Cords • Defective Power Tools ## Shock Severity ## Arc Blast/Flash When an arc fault occurs, the result is a massive electrical explosion. The light and heat emitted by the explosion is known as the arc flash, and the pressure wave is known as the arc blast. Low voltages can be extremely dangerous because, all other factors being equal, the degree of injury increases the longer the body is in contact with the circuit. ## Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) Lockout-tag-out (LOTO) is a safety procedure which is used in industry to ensure that dangerous machines are properly shut off and not able to be started up again prior to the completion of maintenance or servicing work. • Place Lock & Tag on each disconnecting means used to de-energize circuits • Attach a lock to prevent operating the disconnecting means • Place a Tag with each lock • Only the person who places the lock may remove it ## Electrical Standards VOSH's electrical standards are based on the National Fire Protection Association Standards NFPA 70, National Electric Code, and NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety for Employee Workplaces. ## Training Employees must receive adequate training on electrical safety procedures and hazards. Qualified employ…

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# Arc Flash (cont.) ## What elements should be considered when doing an arc flash risk assessment? (cont.) Whenever possible, do not work on energized equipment. Always follow lockout/tagout procedures as part of a hazardous energy control program. Other protective measures include: - Making sure conductors and circuit parts are in a safe working condition - Using lower energy equipment or current energy limiting devices - Guarding energized electrical conductors and circuit parts - Using arc flash approach boundaries, including barricades - Increasing the working distance - Using non-contact instruments or procedures, where possible - Using non-sparking tools - Implementing work permits, safe work procedures, and job planning - Posting signs alerting of the hazards - Wearing shock and arc flash personal protective equipment (PPE) ## What would be included in preventive maintenance? Preventive maintenance includes: - Regular inspection for wear and tear of insulation, corrosion, poor connections, overheated electrical conductors, excessive pitting of contacts, or excessive moisture, water, or ice on the equipment. - Regular measurements of critical components. - Routine inspections of circuit breakers and relays (develop a testing schedule based on the manufacturer's instructions or the InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) guidelines). - Follow established maintenance requirements, including a parts replacement schedule. - Keep electrical drawings current. ## What are approach boundaries? Boundaries are used to limit how close workers and others should be to the equipment or circuits, especially when work is being done. Arc Flash CCOHS

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# Protection from Electric Shock and Arc Flash Journeyman Technical Information Paper 2 OBED LEB 10 1808 BAITDING-C REHICYA FEDEBLOW ROBAR About 50 electrical workers are killed in construction every year in the U.S. by electric current and many more are injured. Over half of the deaths are from working on energized ("live") electric circuits without proper protection - often when it was not necessary to work "live." At least one-third of the electrocutions occur at low voltage, under 600 volts. This paper discusses precautions for electricians, but does not cover electric utility work. ## Electric hazards Electricity-related hazards include electric shock and burns, arc-flash burns, arc-blast impacts, and falls. - Electric shock and burns. An electric shock occurs when electric current passes through your body. This can happen when you touch an energized part. If the electric current passes across the chest or head, you can be killed. At high voltages, severe burns can result. - Arc-flash burns. An electric arc flash can occur if a conductive object gets too close to a high-amp current source or by equipment failure (for instance, while opening or closing disconnects). The arc can heat the air to temperatures as high as 35,000° F, and vaporize metal in the equipment. The arc flash can cause severe skin burns by direct heat exposure and by igniting clothing. - Arc-blast impacts. The heating of the air and vaporization of metal creates a pressure wave that can damage hearing and cause memory loss (from concussion) and other injuries. Flying metal parts are also a hazard. - Falls. Electric shocks and arc blasts can cause falls, especially from ladders or unguarded scaffolding. ## Electric Safety Principles Plan every job. Decide on your approach and step-by-step procedures. Write down first-time procedures. Discuss hazards and procedures in a job briefing with your supervisor and other workers before starting a job. Your employer should already have or dev…

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# Arc Flash (cont.) ## What are the hazards related to arc flash? (cont.) An arc flash may be caused by many factors or events, such as: - Unintentional tool contact with live parts - A tool dropped on the ground, which creates a spark which starts an arc discharge - Equipment failure due to poor maintenance or improper design - Use of tools that spark - Corrosion of contact surfaces - Loose contacts - Worn or damaged insulation - Dust and condensation on the insulating materials (The dust or moisture provide a path for the electrical current and can lead to flashovers that create an arc discharge) - Incorrect installation of conductors, such as when conductors of different phases are installed too close - Incorrect installation of arc-resistant equipment - Incorrect work procedures. The possibility of an arc flash increases when there are exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts; or when safe work procedures are not followed. ## What elements should be considered when doing an arc flash risk assessment? An arc flash risk assessment should be done to: - identify arc flash hazards - determine the likelihood of an arc flash, and the injuries it may cause - determine the severity of the injuries - determine what protective measures are needed, including personal protective equipment (PPE) When estimating the likelihood and severity of the event, consider factors such as the design of the electrical equipment, the presence of an overcurrent protective device, and operating time. Also important is the condition of the electrical equipment, and the effectiveness of any maintenance activities. What are some protective measures that can be taken? Arc Flash CCOHS

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# Hazard assessment worksheet: Head protection (cont.) ## Potential hazards (cont.) OSHA Oregon OSHA Department of Consumer and Business Services # Hazard assessment worksheet: Foot protection Salem Central Office [redacted street address]. NE Salem, OR [redacted postal code] Phone: [redacted phone] Toll-free: [redacted phone] osha.oregon.gov Work task: Date ## Potential hazards - No hazards requiring foot protection - Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto or fall on a worker's feet - Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that could pierce the soles or uppers of ordinary shoes - Molten metal Hot, wet, or slippery surfaces Energized electrical equipment Other hazard: ## PPE required None required Steel toe shoes Boots or shoes metatarsal guards Slip resistant soles Puncture resistant soles Chemical resistant boots Insulated boots or shoes Other PPE: 440-5871 (07/23/COM)

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# Hazard assessment worksheet: Leg protection (cont.) ## PPE required (cont.) OSHA Oregon OSHA Department of Consumer and Business Services # Hazard assessment worksheet: Hand protection Salem Central Office [redacted street address]. NE Salem, OR [redacted postal code] Phone: [redacted phone] Toll-free: [redacted phone] osha.oregon.gov Work task: Date ## Potential hazards - No hazards requiring hand protection - Harmful or hazardous temperatures - Chemicals that can be absorbed into the skin or cause burns - Energized electrical equipment - Mechanical equipment that can cause bruises, abrasions, cuts, punctures, fractures, or amputations Other hazard: ## PPE required None required - Cut resistant gloves General-purpose work gloves Chemical resistant gloves ............... Insulated gloves Heat and flame resistant gloves Latex or nitrile gloves Electrician's insulated rubber gloves Cotton, leather, or anti-vibration gloves Other PPE: 440-5871 (07/23/COM)

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# De-Energizing (cont.) ## Table 2. Hazard risk category classification (within flash protection boundary) (cont.) Table 3. Simplified, two-category, flame-resistant clothing system <table><tr><th>Applicable tasks</th><th>Clothing requirement</th></tr><tr><td>All hazard/risk category 1 and 2 tasks listed in table 2 On systems operating at less than 1000 volts, these tasks include work on all equipment except Insertion/removal of low-voltage motor starter “buckets" Insertion/removal of power circuit breakers with the switchgear doors open Removal of bolted covers from switchgear. On systems operating at 1000 volts or more, tasks also include the operation, insertion, or removal of switching devices with equipment enclosure doors closed.</td><td>Everyday work clothing Flame-resistant long-sleeve shirt (minimum ATPV of 5) worn over an untreated cotton T-shirt with FR pants (minimum ATPV of 8) Or FR coveralls (minimum ATPV of 5) worn over an untreated cotton T-shirt (or an untreated natural-fiber long- sleeve shirt) with untreated natural- fiber pants.</td></tr><tr><td>All hazard/risk category 3 and 4 tasks listed in table 2 On systems operating at 1000 volts or more, these tasks include work on energized parts of all equipment. On systems of less than 1000 volts, tasks include insertion or removal of low-voltage motor-start motor control center “buckets," insertion or removal of power circuit breakers with the switchgear enclosure doors open, and removal of bolted covers from switchgear.</td><td>Electric "switching" clothing Double-layer FR flash jacket and FR bib overalls worn over either FR coveralls (minimum ATPV of 5) or FR long-sleeve shirt and FR pants (minimum ATPV of 5) worn over untreated natural-fiber long-sleeve shirt and pants worn over an untreated cotton T-shirt Or Insulated FR coveralls (minimum ATPV of 25, independent of other layers) worn over untreated natural- fiber long-sleeve shirt with untreated cotton blue jeans ("regular weight," minimum 12 o…

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# De-Energizing (cont.) ## Lockout/tagout program (cont.) entirety. ensuring all energy sources are under lockout/tagout and to account for all people on the job. There should be a written plan addressing the specific details and naming the person in charge. Removal of lockout/tagout devices. Lockout and tagout devices should be removed only by the person installing them. If work is not completed when the shift changes, workers arriving on shift should apply their locks before departing workers remove their locks. Return to service. Once work is completed and lockout/tagout devices removed, tests and visual inspection must confirm that all tools, mechanical restraints, electric jumpers, shorts, and grounds have been removed. Only then is it safe to re- energize and return to service. Employees responsible for operating the equipment and needed to safely re-energize it should be out of the danger zone before equipment is re-energized. Temporary release. If the job requiring lockout/tagout is interrupted for testing or positioning equipment, follow the same steps as in return to service (above). ## Working On or Near Live Circuits Working on live circuits means actually touching energized parts. Working near live circuits means working close enough to energized parts to pose a risk even though you make be working on de-energized parts. Common tasks where you need to work on or near live circuits include: - Taking voltage measurements - Opening and closing disconnects and breakers - Racking breakers on and off the bus - Removing panels and dead fronts - Opening electric equipment doors for inspection. There should be standard written procedures and training for these common tasks. For instance, when opening and closing disconnects, use the left-hand rule when possible (stand to the right side of the equipment and operate the disconnect with your left hand). For other situations where you might need to work on or near live circuits, your employer should in…

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# De-Energizing (cont.) ## Approach distances to exposed live parts (cont.) represented only by the standard in its entirety. (c) Be certain that no part of the body enters the prohibited space. (d) Minimize the risk from unintended movement, by keeping as much of the body as possible out of the restricted space; body parts in the restricted space should be protected. - The prohibited approach boundary is the minimum approach distance to exposed live parts to prevent flashover or arcing. Approaching any closer is comparable to making direct contact with a live part. To cross the prohibited approach boundary, the qualified person must: (a) Have specified training to work on exposed live parts. (b) Have a documented plan with proper written work procedures and justifying the need to work that close. (c) Do a written risk analysis. (d) Have (b) and (c) approved by the manager responsible for the safety plan. (e) Use PPE appropriate for working near exposed live parts and rated for the voltage and energy level involved. Arc flash. The flash protection boundary is the distance at which PPE is needed to prevent incurable burns (2nd degree or worse) if an arc flash occurs. (You still can get 1st or 2nd degree burns.) For systems of 600 volts and less, the flash protection boundary is 4 feet, based on an available bolted fault current of 50 kA (kiloamps) and a clearing time of 6 cycles (0.1 seconds) for the circuit breaker to act, or any combination of fault currents and clearing times not exceeding 300 kA cycles. For other fault currents and clearing times, see NFPA 70E. Remember, when you have de-energized the parts you are going to work on, but are still inside the flash protection boundary for nearby live exposed parts: If the parts cannot be de-energized, you must use barriers such as insulated blankets to protect against accidental contact or you must wear proper PPE. ## Proper Personal Protective Equipment When working on or around live circuits, be s…

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# ARC FLASH HAZARDS (cont.) ## HOW CAN YOU PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE HAZARDS OF ARC FLASH? (cont.) • De-energizing would create a more significant hazard, or it is necessary for the interests of health and safety that the electrical work is carried out while the equipment is energized (e.g., it may be required for life-saving equipment to remain energized and operating while electrical work is carried out on the equipment). • It is necessary that the electrical equipment to be worked on is energized for the work to be carried out correctly. • It is necessary for testing or troubleshooting. • There is no reasonable alternative means of carrying out the work. ## NOTE: USE APPROPRIATE LOCKOUT, TAGOUT, AND HAZARDOUS ENERGY CONTROL PROCEDURES TO ISOLATE ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT WHEN A CIRCUIT BREAKER OR OTHER DISCONNECT TURNED OFF. THE BEST ARC FLASH PROTECTION IS TO DE-ENERGIZE EQUIPMENT BEFORE WORKING ON IT! IS Second Best Choice for Arc Flash Protection: Use appropriately rated personal protective equipment (PPE). Arc flash personal protective equipment (PPE) is a combination of clothing and safety equipment worn for protection from arc flash and shock hazards by a person performing electrical work. Primarily, arc flash PPE is divided into the following subgroups: • Head, face, neck, and chin protection • Eye protection • Hearing protection • Body protection • Hand and arm protection • Foot and leg protection ## GENERAL ELECTRICAL SAFE WORK PRACTICES All employees working on or near electrical equipment shall follow general safe work practices, including: • Maintain housekeeping procedures in the work area, e.g., prevent slip trips and falls; eliminate fire hazards; control dust; prevent falling hazards; clear clutter. • Plan and analyze each step of a work task to ensure safety. • - Maintain appropriate work boundaries for qualified electrical workers (QEW) and unqualified workers. • Use properly rated and tested test equipment (e.g., multimeter). …

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# Hazard assessment worksheet: Eye and face protection (cont.) ## PPE required (cont.) OSHA Oregon OSHA Department of Consumer and Business Services # Hazard assessment worksheet: Head protection Salem Central Office [redacted street address]. NE Salem, OR [redacted postal code] Phone: [redacted phone] Toll-free: [redacted phone] osha.oregon.gov Work task: Date ## Potential hazards No hazards requiring head protection Overhead objects that could fall Exposed pipes or beams (less than 6.5 feet overhead) Energized electrical equipment Other hazard: <table><tr><th>PPE required</th></tr><tr><td>None required</td></tr><tr><td>Impact Type I</td></tr><tr><td>Impact Type II</td></tr><tr><td>Electrical Class G (general)</td></tr><tr><td>Electrical Class E (electrical)</td></tr><tr><td>Electrical Class C (conductive)</td></tr><tr><td>Other PPE:</td></tr></table> 440-5871 (07/23/COM)