Write a safety checklist for Machine guarding inspection

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# CHAPTER 2 -- ENFORCEMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES (cont.) ## AND/OR (cont.) e. In a similar situation as above, a nip point guard may be used to guard the ingoing nip point hazard on a three-roller printing ink mill during the wash-up operation. The cleaning task is, by definition, a Servicing and/or maintenance activity, and the equipment must be LOTO to protect the operator from hazardous (mechanical) energy. However, this machine guarding technique may be alternatively used in lieu of LOTO if the nip point guard effectively prevents the cleaning cloth from getting in between the rollers and possibly drawing in the operator's fingers or hand into the danger zone. See OSHA Instruction STD 01- 12-023, dated July 12, 1994, for additional enforcement guidance. f. Knife blades on a trimmer unit in a binding and finishing production line had to be changed on a monthly basis a non-routine set-up activity that does not occur during the normal production operations. Based on the hazard analysis, it is feasible to change the blade in accordance with the LOTO requirements and to utilize both the energy control procedures and supplemental employee protection during the blade adjustment portion of the task by using a plexi-glass machine guard. The transparent guard enables the operator to safely adjust and test the blades using a hand-crank-wheel mechanism when the machine must be energized. The use of this barrier guard (compliant with Subdivision O), in conjunction with the LOTO standard's positioning provisions, contained in paragraph 1910.147(f)(1), provide optimum employee protection during this potentially hazardous set-up activity. Refer to the April 7, 2004 letter to Printing Industries of America, Inc. for details. g. In a machine shop, milling machine normal production operations are covered by Subdivision O machine guarding requirements and the LOTO standard does not apply if the guarding method eliminates exposure by physically keeping the employee's body a…

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# Compacting and baling equipment Compacting and baling equipment reduces large amounts of solid waste to smaller, more manageable units by means of powered rams. In general, compactors compress refuse into containers for transport. Baling equipment is designed to compress material (e.g., cardboard boxes) and produce a bale (bound or unbound) that is handled as a unit. A wide range of hazards exists simply due to the size, configuration, and operation of compactors and balers. Some machines allow direct access to the compression chamber, while others have a hopper or chute through which material feeds into the machine. Machines may operate in a manual, semiautomatic, or automatic mode. The rams may move vertically or horizontally. ## Hazard Workers can be crushed by the ram motion if guarding is missing or bypassed, or if lockout procedures are not followed during maintenance activities. Older compacting equipment may not have appropriate interlock guarding or may not have enough guarding to enclose the chamber or point-of-operation area completely. Severe injury and death can also occur during service or maintenance tasks on or inside an energized or jammed machine if the machine cycles automatically or if the machine is activated by another worker who is unaware that someone is inside the chamber. Because ram motion stops during a jam, workers may not recognize that the machine remains energized and that the ram could activate unexpectedly. Similarly, if conveyors are used to feed material into a compactor or baler, workers may mistakenly believe that shutting down the conveyor also prevents the compactor or baler from operating. In addition to the hazardous-energy potential, working inside these machines may also present confined-space hazards such as hazardous atmospheres and engulfment. ## Solution Access covers and point-of-operation guarding must be interlocked in such a manner that the compactor cannot be operated if the guard or loading door is remo…

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Self-inspection checklist ## Machine guarding - Is there an employee training program for safe methods of machine operation? - Is there adequate supervision to ensure that employees follow safe machine operating procedures? - Is there a regular program of safety inspection for machinery and equipment? - Is all machinery and equipment clean and properly maintained? - Is sufficient clearance provided around and between machines to allow for safe operation, setup, servicing, material handling, and waste removal? - Is equipment and machinery securely placed and anchored when necessary to prevent tipping or other movement that could result in personal injury? - Is there a power shutoff switch within reach of the operator's position at each machine? - Are the noncurrent-carrying metal parts of electrically-operated machines bonded and grounded? - Are foot-operated switches guarded or arranged to prevent accidental actuation by personnel or falling objects? - Are manually operated valves and switches that control the operation of equipment and machines clearly identified and readily accessible? - Are all emergency stop buttons colored red? - Are all pulleys and belts (within seven feet of the floor or working level) properly guarded? - Are all moving chains and gears properly guarded? - Are methods provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards created at the point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips, and sparks? - Are machinery guards secured and arranged so they do not present a hazard in their use? - If special hand tools are used for placing and removing material, do they protect the operator's hands? -1-

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# Basic safety principles Although this guide addresses point-of-operation safeguarding for specific machinery, it is also important to establish and enforce safe work practices when operating and maintaining all types of equipment and machinery. The following list includes basic rules that apply to portable and fixed machinery: ## Equipment (parts include blades, bits, sanding belts, dies, grinding stones) ● Follow the equipment manufacturer's recommendations • Use equipment only for the purpose for which its design is intended • Operate the tool at the speed and tension specified by the manufacturer ● Inspect the equipment visually before use • Remove unadjusted, defective, cracked, or worn parts from service • Maintain sharp and clean parts • When provided, use equipment with an exhaust dust-collection system or • Use the appropriate size and type of part for the material and cutting action ● Check to see that guards, guides, and counterweights are properly adjusted and operable • Avoid overheating the equipment ## Work practices • Use only tools you can control easily • Make sure hands are kept at a safe distance • Follow safe procedures as outlined in the operator's manual • Always wear eye and face protection and other appropriate personal protective equipment • Do not wear loose clothing or long hair that may become entangled • Check to see that power cords are kept away from the line of cut and other moving parts • Follow proper lockout/tagout procedures during service and repair - Never defeat the guard to expose the blade • Never reach under the saw, work piece, or any place you can't see clearly - Direct the operation away from your body ## Work environment • Practice good housekeeping - avoid crowded, cluttered conditions • Make sure combustible or flammable material is located away from spark-producing operations • Provide adequate ventilation to reduce dust and other air contaminants • Monitor noise levels and provide hear…

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# Machine Guarding Safety Checklist <table><tr><th>Requirements for All Safeguards</th><th>Yes</th><th>No</th><th>N/A</th><th>Comments</th></tr><tr><td>1. Do the safeguards provided meet the minimum OSHA requirements?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2. Do the safeguards prevent workers' hands, arms and other body parts from making contact with dangerous moving parts?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3. Are the safeguards firmly secured and not easily removable?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4. Do the safeguards ensure that no object will fall into the moving parts?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5. Do the safeguards permit safe, comfortable and relatively easy operation of the machine?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6. Can the machine be lubricated without removing the safeguard?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7. Is there a system for shutting down the machinery before safeguards are removed?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8. Can the existing safeguards be improved?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mechanical Hazards</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>N/A</td><td>Comments</td></tr><tr><td>9. Is there a point-of-operation safeguard provided for the machine?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10. Does it keep the operator's hands, fingers and body out of the danger area?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11. Is there evidence that the safeguards have been tampered with or removed?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12. Could you suggest a more practical, effective safeguard?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13. Could changes be made on the machine to eliminate the point-of- operation hazard entirely?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14. Are employees aware of hazards (dust, chemicals, heat, excessive noise, e…

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# Oregon OSHA standards related to machinery and machine guarding ## General Industry • Division 2/Subdivision I, Personal Protective Equipment • Division 2/Subdivision J, General Environmental Controls (Lockout/Tagout) • Division 2/Subdivision N, Material Handling and Storage • Division 2/Subdivision O, Machinery and Machine Guarding • Division 2/Subdivision P, Hand and Portable Powered Tools • Division 2/Subdivision R, Special Industries (sawmills, pulp and paper mills, etc.) • Oregon OSHA Program Directive A-280, National Emphasis Program on Amputations ## Construction ● Division 3/Subdivision E, Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment ● Division 3/Subdivision I, Tools - Hand and Power ## Agriculture • Division 4/Subdivision I, Protective Equipment ● Division 4/Subdivision J, Work Environment (Lockout/Tagout) ● Division 4/Subdivision N, Material Handling • Division 4/Subdivision O, Equipment Guarding ● Division 4/Subdivision P, Small Tools - Forest Activities ● Division 7/Subdivision D, Personal Protective Equipment and Programs ● Division 7/Subdivision H, Machines Used in Forest Activities ## Oregon fatalities Operator pulled into a machine by a moving belt Worker caught in an irrigation spool Lathe operator hit by rotating bar stock Operator caught in keyed shaft (loose-fitting shirt contributed) Worker caught in a glue line conveyor 5 LO

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# Machine Guarding Inspection Checklist (cont.) <table><tr><th>13. Is sufficient clearance provided around and between machines to allow for safe operations, set up and servicing, material handling and waste removal?</th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr><tr><td>14. Is equipment and machinery securely fastened to prevent tipping or other movement that could result in personal injury?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15. Is there a power shut-off switch within reach of the operator's position at each machine?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16. Can electricity and other forms of hazardous energy be locked out for maintenance, repair, or security?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17. Are the noncurrent-carrying metal parts of electrically operated machines bonded and grounded?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18. Are foot-operated switches guarded or arranged to prevent accidental actuation by personnel or falling objects?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19. Are manually operated valves and switches controlling the operation of equipment and machines clearly identified and readily accessible?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20. Are all emergency stop buttons colored red?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21. Are all belts/pulleys, chains/sprockets and other forms of power transmission that are within 7 feet of the floor or working level properly guarded?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>22. Are protective safety guard measures provided to guard the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards created at the point of operation, pinch points, and rotating parts?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23. Are precautions in place to prevent machines from automatically starting when power is restored after a power failure or shutdown?</td><td></td><td>ㅁㅁㅁ</td><td></td><td></…

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# The importance of machine safeguarding As long as workers need machines to help them process material - to cut, shear, punch, bend, or drill - they will be exposed to moving parts that could harm them. Much of the danger occurs at the point of operation, where the work is performed. ## Recent statistics that support the concern ## National Contact with objects and equipment (caught in, on, or under equipment or machinery only) • More than 690 fatalities per year • More than 137,600 lost workday injuries per year ● 1,400 amputations per year ## Oregon Contact with objects and equipment (caught in and struck by/against) - 13 compensable fatalities per year - 29 percent of all fatalities - 4,120 accepted disabling injuries ## About this guide This guide focuses on point-of-operation hazards and safeguarding methods and offers a comprehensive look at equipment and machinery commonly found in various Oregon workplaces. It does not specify all machine guarding requirements or all types of machinery or equipment. The reference section addresses typical hazards and guarding solutions related to power transmission devices, lockout/ tagout, and general safety principles for operating or maintaining machines and equipment. This guide also refers to many American National Standards. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) publishes voluntary consensus standards on the care and use of machinery. ANSI standards provide guidance for complying with Oregon OSHA standards. ANSI standards are sometimes incorporated into Oregon OSHA regulations and employers are accountable for complying with the version specified. Oregon OSHA generally recommends, however, that employers follow the most recent ANSI standards. Of course, all original equipment manuals (OEMs) and other manufacturer suggestions must be strictly adhered to. In addition to ANSI, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards provide requirements for personnel safety in the des…

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# Machine Guarding Inspection Checklist Date Inspected: <empty> Inspected by: <empty> Machine/Work Area: <empty> <table><tr><th>General Machine Guarding</th><th>Yes</th><th>No</th><th>N/A</th><th>Comments</th></tr><tr><td>1. Have any machine guards been removed?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2. Have any guards or safety devices been bypassed?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3. Are any guards not working properly?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4. Have any guards been modified?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5. If guards have been removed for maintenance, have they been replaced before operations resume?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6. If the machine has moving or sharp machine parts, are they guarded?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7. If the machine produces flying sparks or particles, is there a guard in place to prevent flying debris?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8. If the machine has hot surfaces, are they guarded?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9. Do employees receive formal training on Machine safety and safeguarding methods?</td><td></td><td></td><td>பபப</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10. Is there sufficient supervision to guarantee that employees are following safety standards for machine safeguarding procedures?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11. Are regularly scheduled equipment inspections being conducted to ensure safe operating conditions?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12. Is all machinery and equipment kept clean and properly maintained?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> KEMI Making workers' comp work

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# Glossary of terms Adjustable barrier guard - A physical barrier requiring manual adjustment for various jobs. Brake monitor - A sensor designed, constructed, and arranged to monitor the effectiveness of the press braking system. Competent person - One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Control reliability (also called performance of safety-related functions) - A part of the system that controls hazardous motion of a machine. It ensures the machine will stop when required in the event of a single component failure within the system. Device - A control or attachment that: • Prevents a cycle if the operator's hands are inadvertently in the point of operation - Maintains the operator's hands at a safe distance during the hazardous portion of a cycle - Restrains the operator from inadvertently reaching into the point of operation • Automatically withdraws the operator's hands from the point of operation as the dies close Fixed (barrier) guard - A guard that provides a physical restriction to a hazard. Guard - A physical barrier that prevents entry of the operator's hands or fingers into the point of operation. A guard: • Must prevent any contact to the machine hazard and must be installed to prevent contact from around, over, through, or under the guard • Must not allow objects to fall into moving parts or be ejected toward a worker • Must not create a pinch point between it and moving machine parts • Must be affixed to the machine and remain secure • Must facilitate its own inspection and allow for maintenance and lubrication • Must offer maximum visibility of the point of operation consistent with the other requirements • Must conform to other appropriate standards (ANSI, manufacturer specifications, etc.) Interlocked guard - A barrier that, …

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# Power-transmission apparatuses Power-transmission apparatuses include all components of the mechanical system that transmit energy to machines and equipment. Flywheels, couplings, pulleys, belts, cams, cranks, spindles, shafts, gears, chains, and sprockets are common examples of these components. ## Hazard Power-transmission apparatuses consist of parts that move to transmit energy, and provide a variety of hazards to operators and other workers, other than point of operation hazards. The most common hazard is the rotating motion from these components. Entanglement can occur from a single part (e.g., shaft) or parts rotating closely together, producing "in-running nip points." In- running nip points are caused when parts rotate against a fixed object (e.g., screw conveyor), parts rotate in the same direction (e.g., v-belt and pulley), or when their axes are parallel, but rotate in opposite directions (e.g., gears). Rotating collars, couplings, cams, clutches, flywheels, shaft ends, and spindles can grip clothing or otherwise force a body part into a dangerous location. Projections such as screws or burrs on the rotating part increase the likelihood of injury. Other components that move while the machine is operating, such as reciprocating and transverse moving parts, can create hazardous areas. Parts that move back-and-forth or up-and-down (reciprocating motion) can strike or entrap a worker between a moving part and a fixed object. Parts that move in a straight, continuous line (transverse motion) can strike or catch a worker in a pinch or shear point created by the moving part and a fixed object. ## Solution It is usually not difficult to guard these components. As a general rule, a power-transmission apparatus is best protected by fixed barrier guards that enclose the danger. Guards should be made of expanded metal, sheet or perforated metal, or other substantial material, and securely fastened to the frame of the machine, or the floor. Wood guards may b…