Write a toolbox talk on About pv

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# LOCK OUT TAG OUT (LOTO) (cont.) ## LOTO STEPS Prepare for Shutdown: An authorized employee must identify the type of energy, understand the hazards of the energy, and the methods to control the energy before using the LOTO procedure. • Notify Affected Workers: Notify all affected employees that energy will be shut down and locked out for service or maintenance. • Shut down the Tool or Equipment: Shut down the tool or equipment. Follow the details provided in the lockout/tagout procedure. Many tools or equipment have complex, multistep shutdown processes, so following the directions precisely as the procedure lists them is essential. - Disconnect or Isolate the Tool or Equipment: Completely isolate the machine or equipment from its energy sources by using the appropriate energy-isolating devices. - Apply Lock(s) and Tag(s) to the Energy Isolating Device(s): Apply unique lockout/tagout devices to the power sources. - Dissipate Stored Energy: Dissipate stored and residual energy, such as that in capacitors, springs, elevated machine members, rotating flywheels, hydraulic systems, and air, gas, steam, or water pressure. - Check for Stored Energy: Check the tool or equipment for stored or residual energy. Testing instruments, such as voltage detectors or pressure gauges, can be used to confirm energy isolation. These instruments should be calibrated, adequately maintained, and used according to manufacturer instructions. • Restoration: Restoration is the final step in the LOTO safety and procedures. It involves inspecting the work area for completion and safety, removing LOTO devices properly, informing affected employees of equipment status, and restarting. Before restoring equipment, the work area must be inspected for completion and safety. This may involve verifying that all tools and equipment have been removed from the equipment and that the work area is clean and debris-free. ## RESOURCES Chapter 296-803 WAC-Lockout Tagout WAC [redacted identifier]-L…

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# LOCK OUT TAG OUT (LOTO) DANGER LOCKED OUT DO NOT REMOVE DAN ER DON IT OPER Date Posted: 05/29/2024 The release of uncontrolled energy causes thousands of injuries each year. Each year, approximately 3,000 workers suffer lost-time injuries from being caught in dangerous parts of equipment or machinery during maintenance or cleaning, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. Further, each year, there are approximately 60 fatalities from similar exposures. ## WHAT IS LOTO? A lockout tag-out (LOTO) is a set of safety procedures to prevent personal injury or property damage when working with, near, or on machines, tools, or equipment. Also called LOTO procedures, they involve manually adding locks and tags to parts of machines to make all employees aware of the maintenance work and prevent accidents. Employees involved in the lockout tag-out place locks on machines to prevent others from turning the machine on, and they place tags as warning signs of the current maintenance. LOTO aims to protect workers from accidental injury or death caused by unexpected equipment start-up or the release of stored energy. At the same time, maintenance or servicing is performed. The procedure involves locking or tagging the equipment's energy-isolating devices, such as switches or valves, and preventing the release of hazardous energy until the work is completed and the equipment is deemed safe to operate again. ## What Sorts of Energy Should I be Concerned about in Construction? According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Energy sources, including electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, thermal, or other sources in machines and equipment, can be hazardous to workers. During the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment, the unexpected startup or release of stored energy can result in severe injury or death to workers. Kinetic and potential are two encompassing forms of energy prevalent in the construction industry…

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# De-Energizing ## An Electrically Safe Work Condition The most important principle of electric safety is, assume electric circuits are energized unless you make sure they are not. Test every circuit and conductor every time you work on them. The National Fire Protection Association lists six steps to ensure conditions for electrically safe work.** - Identify all sources of power to the equipment. Interrupt - the load current, then open the disconnecting devices for each power source. : - Where possible, visually verify that blades of disconnecting devices are fully open or that drawout-type circuit breakers are fully withdrawn. - Apply lockout/tagout devices in accordance with a formal, written policy. - Test each phase conductor or circuit part with an adequately rated voltage detector to verify that the equipment is de-energized. Check the voltage detector before and after each test to be sure it is working. - Properly ground all possible sources of induced voltage and stored electric energy (such as, capacitors) before touching. If conductors or circuit parts that are being de-energized could contact other exposed conductors or circuit parts, apply ground-connecting devices rated for the available fault current. The process of de-energizing is “live” work and can result in an arc flash due to equipment failure. When de- energizing, follow the procedures described below in "Working On or Near Live Circuits." ## Lockout/tagout program Your employer should establish a written lockout/tagout program and train employees in the program. The program should cover planning for locating and labeling energy sources, identifying employees at risk, how and by whom the equipment is de-energized, releasing of stored energy, verifying that the circuit is de-energized and can't be restarted, voltage testing, grounding requirements, shift changes, coordination with other jobs in progress, a procedure for keeping track of all involved personnel, applying and removing…

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# Maintaining clearances around electric panels (cont.) ## ➤ Grounding (cont.) In addition, portable multiple outlet GFCI's are available for use on construction sites and industrial sites where heavy duty, multiple outlet GFCI's are required. 0000 Heavy Duty GFCI ## Eliminating access to exposed energized parts Covers on openings and approved electrical boxes restrict access to the exposed energized parts inside the openings and boxes. All openings in boxes, enclosures or fittings shall be effectively guarded or closed as per 2340.23. Missing covers and free access to exposed energized electrical parts are very common safety hazards in works involving electricity. However, these are easy to eliminate. Replacing missing covers in electrical panels and boxes, and covering the openings that have unrestricted access to exposed energized electrical parts save workers from the danger of shock and electrocution. # Using proper personal protective equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) provides protection to workers from hazards. Depending on the job task to be performed, PPE for electrical workers generally includes safety glasses, flame-resistant (FR) face shields, hard hats, safety shoes, insulating (rubber) gloves with leather protectors, insulating sleeves, and FR clothing. Additional PPE, such as fall protection equipment, respirators, chemical-resistant or cut-resistant gloves, and chaps, may be needed, depending on the potential hazard in the job. Using proper lockout/tagout procedures ANGER DO NOT OPERATE 7

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Equipment Safety: Construction Toolbox Talk NIOSH CPWR [● Maintenance Properly maintaining, repairing, cleaning, and storing construction equipment can help prevent injuries and deaths. It can also make the equipment last longer. ## Hank's Story Hank was told to use a forklift to move some materials. Oil had leaked out onto the floor of the cab from a damaged hydraulic line. Hank didn't notice the oil and slipped while getting into the cab. He twisted his knee and ended up missing a week of work while recovering. - What caused this incident? - How could this have been prevented? *Have you ever been injured as a result of poorly maintained equipment, or do you know someone who has? If so, what happened? ## Remember This - Always inspect equipment before using it to make sure it is in safe working order and good repair. • Do not use damaged equipment. - Tell your supervisor if equipment needs to be maintained, cleaned, or repaired. • Use proper lockout/tagout procedures to control all hazardous energy sources before maintaining, clean- ing, or repairing equipment. ## How can we stay safe today? What will we do at the worksite to make sure equipment is safe to use? OSHA Standards: 1926.431 and 1926.417 C D C NIOSH CONTROL AND PREVENTION CENTERS FOR DISEASE CPWR 【● THE CENTER FOR CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH AND TRAINING

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# Arc Flash (cont.) ## What elements should be considered when doing an arc flash risk assessment? (cont.) Whenever possible, do not work on energized equipment. Always follow lockout/tagout procedures as part of a hazardous energy control program. Other protective measures include: - Making sure conductors and circuit parts are in a safe working condition - Using lower energy equipment or current energy limiting devices - Guarding energized electrical conductors and circuit parts - Using arc flash approach boundaries, including barricades - Increasing the working distance - Using non-contact instruments or procedures, where possible - Using non-sparking tools - Implementing work permits, safe work procedures, and job planning - Posting signs alerting of the hazards - Wearing shock and arc flash personal protective equipment (PPE) ## What would be included in preventive maintenance? Preventive maintenance includes: - Regular inspection for wear and tear of insulation, corrosion, poor connections, overheated electrical conductors, excessive pitting of contacts, or excessive moisture, water, or ice on the equipment. - Regular measurements of critical components. - Routine inspections of circuit breakers and relays (develop a testing schedule based on the manufacturer's instructions or the InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) guidelines). - Follow established maintenance requirements, including a parts replacement schedule. - Keep electrical drawings current. ## What are approach boundaries? Boundaries are used to limit how close workers and others should be to the equipment or circuits, especially when work is being done. Arc Flash CCOHS

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# Protection from Electric Shock and Arc Flash Journeyman Technical Information Paper 2 OBED LEB 10 1808 BAITDING-C REHICYA FEDEBLOW ROBAR About 50 electrical workers are killed in construction every year in the U.S. by electric current and many more are injured. Over half of the deaths are from working on energized ("live") electric circuits without proper protection - often when it was not necessary to work "live." At least one-third of the electrocutions occur at low voltage, under 600 volts. This paper discusses precautions for electricians, but does not cover electric utility work. ## Electric hazards Electricity-related hazards include electric shock and burns, arc-flash burns, arc-blast impacts, and falls. - Electric shock and burns. An electric shock occurs when electric current passes through your body. This can happen when you touch an energized part. If the electric current passes across the chest or head, you can be killed. At high voltages, severe burns can result. - Arc-flash burns. An electric arc flash can occur if a conductive object gets too close to a high-amp current source or by equipment failure (for instance, while opening or closing disconnects). The arc can heat the air to temperatures as high as 35,000° F, and vaporize metal in the equipment. The arc flash can cause severe skin burns by direct heat exposure and by igniting clothing. - Arc-blast impacts. The heating of the air and vaporization of metal creates a pressure wave that can damage hearing and cause memory loss (from concussion) and other injuries. Flying metal parts are also a hazard. - Falls. Electric shocks and arc blasts can cause falls, especially from ladders or unguarded scaffolding. ## Electric Safety Principles Plan every job. Decide on your approach and step-by-step procedures. Write down first-time procedures. Discuss hazards and procedures in a job briefing with your supervisor and other workers before starting a job. Your employer should already have or dev…

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# Electrical Safety Protecting Employees from Electrical Hazards Electrical Safety focuses on preventing electrocution and other electrical hazards by establishing standards for electrical equipment, work practices, and training, with a strong emphasis on lockout/tagout procedures and safe distances from energized lines. Injury Free Culture IF? What IF I could go my entire career Injury Free? Injury Free is a cultural attitude. It is a way of thinking that prevents injuries, makin safety a high priority at both the personal and organizational levels. ## Common Causes of Electrocution . Contact with Overheard Power lines • Contact with Live Circuits [redacted email] • Not following Lock/Tag-out procedures - Poorly Maintained Extension Cords • Defective Power Tools ## Shock Severity ## Arc Blast/Flash When an arc fault occurs, the result is a massive electrical explosion. The light and heat emitted by the explosion is known as the arc flash, and the pressure wave is known as the arc blast. Low voltages can be extremely dangerous because, all other factors being equal, the degree of injury increases the longer the body is in contact with the circuit. ## Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) Lockout-tag-out (LOTO) is a safety procedure which is used in industry to ensure that dangerous machines are properly shut off and not able to be started up again prior to the completion of maintenance or servicing work. • Place Lock & Tag on each disconnecting means used to de-energize circuits • Attach a lock to prevent operating the disconnecting means • Place a Tag with each lock • Only the person who places the lock may remove it ## Electrical Standards VOSH's electrical standards are based on the National Fire Protection Association Standards NFPA 70, National Electric Code, and NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety for Employee Workplaces. ## Training Employees must receive adequate training on electrical safety procedures and hazards. Qualified employ…

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# De-Energizing (cont.) ## Table 2. Hazard risk category classification (within flash protection boundary) (cont.) Table 3. Simplified, two-category, flame-resistant clothing system <table><tr><th>Applicable tasks</th><th>Clothing requirement</th></tr><tr><td>All hazard/risk category 1 and 2 tasks listed in table 2 On systems operating at less than 1000 volts, these tasks include work on all equipment except Insertion/removal of low-voltage motor starter “buckets" Insertion/removal of power circuit breakers with the switchgear doors open Removal of bolted covers from switchgear. On systems operating at 1000 volts or more, tasks also include the operation, insertion, or removal of switching devices with equipment enclosure doors closed.</td><td>Everyday work clothing Flame-resistant long-sleeve shirt (minimum ATPV of 5) worn over an untreated cotton T-shirt with FR pants (minimum ATPV of 8) Or FR coveralls (minimum ATPV of 5) worn over an untreated cotton T-shirt (or an untreated natural-fiber long- sleeve shirt) with untreated natural- fiber pants.</td></tr><tr><td>All hazard/risk category 3 and 4 tasks listed in table 2 On systems operating at 1000 volts or more, these tasks include work on energized parts of all equipment. On systems of less than 1000 volts, tasks include insertion or removal of low-voltage motor-start motor control center “buckets," insertion or removal of power circuit breakers with the switchgear enclosure doors open, and removal of bolted covers from switchgear.</td><td>Electric "switching" clothing Double-layer FR flash jacket and FR bib overalls worn over either FR coveralls (minimum ATPV of 5) or FR long-sleeve shirt and FR pants (minimum ATPV of 5) worn over untreated natural-fiber long-sleeve shirt and pants worn over an untreated cotton T-shirt Or Insulated FR coveralls (minimum ATPV of 25, independent of other layers) worn over untreated natural- fiber long-sleeve shirt with untreated cotton blue jeans ("regular weight," minimum 12 o…

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# PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Date Posted: 09/03/2016 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is gear that can be worn to help minimize or eliminate injury. It can be worn to help prevent sudden injuries or injuries occur over time. It is very important the user understands the intended purpose of the PPE and verifies that it fits properly. that ## When to Wear PPE • Before you resort to PPE, you should first: • Use administrative controls • Implement Engineering Controls • Use local exhaust or general ventilation vs. a respirator • Control dust with a wet process vs. dry • Install sound reducing devices to mechanical equipment • When these other two means of protection are exhausted you then will need to select the appropriate PPE. - Often times PPE will be used in conjunction with administrative and engineering controls for added protection. ## BASIC TYPES OF PPE Head: Hard hat, welders cap Hearing: Earmuffs, ear plugs or canal caps Face/Eye: Safety glasses, face shield, safety goggles. Hand: Gloves for general use, chemical use, electrical work or hot work. Body: Chaps, leathers, coveralls Foot Protection: Leather boots, Safety toe/steel toe boots Personal Protective Equipment is gear that is worn to help minimize or eliminate injury. It is very important the user understands the intended purpose of the PPE, verifies that the PPE fits properly and is adequate for the work to be performed. Remember: PPE is the last line of defense against a hazard. LEARN MORE ## QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION • Does the PPE you wear to perform your work fit properly and is it in good working condition? What can be done in your work area to improve the use of PPE? • What improvements can be made to reduce the need for PPE? ## PRESENTER TIPS • Pre-read the Toolbox Talk. Your comfort level and confidence will be higher if you know your topic. Discuss related tasks, work areas or events that make the Toolbox Talk relevant to your job site. • Involve the workers …

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# De-Energizing (cont.) ## Lockout/tagout program (cont.) entirety. ensuring all energy sources are under lockout/tagout and to account for all people on the job. There should be a written plan addressing the specific details and naming the person in charge. Removal of lockout/tagout devices. Lockout and tagout devices should be removed only by the person installing them. If work is not completed when the shift changes, workers arriving on shift should apply their locks before departing workers remove their locks. Return to service. Once work is completed and lockout/tagout devices removed, tests and visual inspection must confirm that all tools, mechanical restraints, electric jumpers, shorts, and grounds have been removed. Only then is it safe to re- energize and return to service. Employees responsible for operating the equipment and needed to safely re-energize it should be out of the danger zone before equipment is re-energized. Temporary release. If the job requiring lockout/tagout is interrupted for testing or positioning equipment, follow the same steps as in return to service (above). ## Working On or Near Live Circuits Working on live circuits means actually touching energized parts. Working near live circuits means working close enough to energized parts to pose a risk even though you make be working on de-energized parts. Common tasks where you need to work on or near live circuits include: - Taking voltage measurements - Opening and closing disconnects and breakers - Racking breakers on and off the bus - Removing panels and dead fronts - Opening electric equipment doors for inspection. There should be standard written procedures and training for these common tasks. For instance, when opening and closing disconnects, use the left-hand rule when possible (stand to the right side of the equipment and operate the disconnect with your left hand). For other situations where you might need to work on or near live circuits, your employer should in…

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# SOLAR PANELS Date Posted: 08/19/2016 Solar panels or Photovoltaics convert solar energy (sunlight, including ultra violet radiation) directly into electricity. If the sun is out, they are generating electricity, their dark surfaces make them hot to the touch and the wind can turn them into a sail when working on a roof. Access - How will workers access the solar panel installation? Is there stair access? Will scaffolding or a ladder be required? Have we put in place safety procedures to ensure everyone can get to the installation properly? Fall Protection - All employees working on the roof should be tied off unless additional safety features such as a guardrail have been put into place. ## MATERIAL DELIVERY • Placement - Where will the materials be delivered? How long will they remain in that location? Where will the material be stored? Are there any trip hazards associated with storage/placement? • Point Loading - Roof structures can only withstand a specific weight load. If we are dropping all of our material onto one location, has that location been designed to bear all of that extra weight? • Overhead Protection - Will work be taking place beneath the solar panel installation? If so, what steps have we taken to prevent materials from falling off the roof and striking workers below? Do workers beneath the installation know that there is overhead work taking place? Do workers on the roof know there is work taking place below? - Hoisting - How will the materials be delivered? Will a crane drop them off? If so, are there pinch point concerns we have to worry about when rigging the material to the crane? Who will be responsible for landing and removing the materials? Have they been properly trained to direct the crane operator? - Electrical Shock - Unlike most electrical systems that can be shut off when working on them, solar panels generate electricity as long as they are in the sunlight. Potential electrical arcing requires precaution when connecting …

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# De-Energizing (cont.) ## Approach distances to exposed live parts (cont.) represented only by the standard in its entirety. (c) Be certain that no part of the body enters the prohibited space. (d) Minimize the risk from unintended movement, by keeping as much of the body as possible out of the restricted space; body parts in the restricted space should be protected. - The prohibited approach boundary is the minimum approach distance to exposed live parts to prevent flashover or arcing. Approaching any closer is comparable to making direct contact with a live part. To cross the prohibited approach boundary, the qualified person must: (a) Have specified training to work on exposed live parts. (b) Have a documented plan with proper written work procedures and justifying the need to work that close. (c) Do a written risk analysis. (d) Have (b) and (c) approved by the manager responsible for the safety plan. (e) Use PPE appropriate for working near exposed live parts and rated for the voltage and energy level involved. Arc flash. The flash protection boundary is the distance at which PPE is needed to prevent incurable burns (2nd degree or worse) if an arc flash occurs. (You still can get 1st or 2nd degree burns.) For systems of 600 volts and less, the flash protection boundary is 4 feet, based on an available bolted fault current of 50 kA (kiloamps) and a clearing time of 6 cycles (0.1 seconds) for the circuit breaker to act, or any combination of fault currents and clearing times not exceeding 300 kA cycles. For other fault currents and clearing times, see NFPA 70E. Remember, when you have de-energized the parts you are going to work on, but are still inside the flash protection boundary for nearby live exposed parts: If the parts cannot be de-energized, you must use barriers such as insulated blankets to protect against accidental contact or you must wear proper PPE. ## Proper Personal Protective Equipment When working on or around live circuits, be s…

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# ARC FLASH HAZARDS (cont.) ## HOW CAN YOU PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE HAZARDS OF ARC FLASH? (cont.) • De-energizing would create a more significant hazard, or it is necessary for the interests of health and safety that the electrical work is carried out while the equipment is energized (e.g., it may be required for life-saving equipment to remain energized and operating while electrical work is carried out on the equipment). • It is necessary that the electrical equipment to be worked on is energized for the work to be carried out correctly. • It is necessary for testing or troubleshooting. • There is no reasonable alternative means of carrying out the work. ## NOTE: USE APPROPRIATE LOCKOUT, TAGOUT, AND HAZARDOUS ENERGY CONTROL PROCEDURES TO ISOLATE ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT WHEN A CIRCUIT BREAKER OR OTHER DISCONNECT TURNED OFF. THE BEST ARC FLASH PROTECTION IS TO DE-ENERGIZE EQUIPMENT BEFORE WORKING ON IT! IS Second Best Choice for Arc Flash Protection: Use appropriately rated personal protective equipment (PPE). Arc flash personal protective equipment (PPE) is a combination of clothing and safety equipment worn for protection from arc flash and shock hazards by a person performing electrical work. Primarily, arc flash PPE is divided into the following subgroups: • Head, face, neck, and chin protection • Eye protection • Hearing protection • Body protection • Hand and arm protection • Foot and leg protection ## GENERAL ELECTRICAL SAFE WORK PRACTICES All employees working on or near electrical equipment shall follow general safe work practices, including: • Maintain housekeeping procedures in the work area, e.g., prevent slip trips and falls; eliminate fire hazards; control dust; prevent falling hazards; clear clutter. • Plan and analyze each step of a work task to ensure safety. • - Maintain appropriate work boundaries for qualified electrical workers (QEW) and unqualified workers. • Use properly rated and tested test equipment (e.g., multimeter). …

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# ARC FLASH HAZARDS Date Posted: 02/08/2024 Based on findings from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), it's estimated that between five and ten arc fault incidents occur daily in the United States. The BLS also reported that in one recent year, 1 thousand electrical workers suffered shocks and burns, some fatal. Arc flashes are violent and can cause severe injury or death to any worker exposed to the instantaneous phenomenon. Most of the time, the exposure will result in severe injury or even death. Electrical equipment is designed to withstand up to a certain amount of current. The arc flash occurs when an electrical device suffers a very high current within a fraction of a second. Some factors that can cause an arc flash include failure to de-energize components, dust, dropped tools, corrosion, or reduced insulation. Arc flash temperatures can become exceedingly hot and produce hazardous noise about as loud as a gunshot. ## WHAT IS ARC FLASH? According to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), "An arc flash is the sudden release of electrical energy through the air when a high- voltage gap exists, and there is a breakdown between conductors. An arc flash gives off thermal radiation (heat) and bright, intense light that can cause burns. Temperatures have been recorded as high as 35,000 °F." ## WHAT IS AN ARC BLAST? An arc blast is a pressure wave created after an arc fault. Arc blasts can be strong enough to throw a worker to the ground and cause significant equipment damage. Arc blasts can cause damage to a worker's hearing or brain functions. The blast can also cause loose equipment, tools, machinery, and debris to go flying, which can cause further damage or injury. For example, consider the following facts on arc blast: • Air and materials exposed to ARC flash expand to be 67,000 times their normal size. • The violent pressure wave discharged can reach up to 2,000 lbs./sq. foot, causing severe risks, including: • Eardrum…