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Write a toolbox talk on work at height

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Published by SALUS

Work at Height Safety =====================

Date: 2026-07-29

Duration: \[DURATION] minutes

Presenter: \[PRESENTER NAME]

Location: \[LOCATION]

Objective

To reinforce critical work at height safety practices, including fall prevention and fall protection requirements, ladder and scaffold safety, edge protection, harness and anchor point use, dropped object prevention, risk assessment, permit-to-work controls, inspection, training, supervision, emergency rescue planning, and compliance with OSHA and applicable working at height regulations.

Introduction

Working at height remains one of the most serious hazards in construction and many other industries because a single mistake can lead to a life-changing injury or fatality. Falls are consistently identified as a leading cause of serious workplace harm, and many incidents occur during routine tasks such as climbing, loading materials, working near edges, or using ladders and elevated platforms. Most fall incidents are preventable when the job is planned properly, the right equipment is selected, workers are trained, and supervision and rescue arrangements are in place. A strong work-at-height program must combine hazard identification, fall prevention, fall protection, inspection, and emergency preparedness to keep workers safe. [1] [2] [3]

Presenter Note: Open by asking participants where work at height occurs on this site and what controls are already in place. Emphasize that planning, equipment selection, and rescue readiness must happen before work starts.

Key Points

  • 1\. Plan the work before anyone goes up: Every task at height should be planned so the work can be completed safely from the start. Identify the task, the access method, the fall hazards, the required equipment, and the rescue approach before work begins. Planning should include the correct ladder, scaffold, platform, guardrail system, restraint system, or fall arrest system, along with the materials and tools needed so workers are not forced to improvise at height. [1]

[3]

  • Review the work area for edges, openings, skylights, fragile surfaces, and overhead hazards.
  • Confirm that the selected access method is suitable for the task and the surface conditions.
  • Include fall protection equipment in the job plan and cost estimate, not as an afterthought.
  • 2\. Use the hierarchy of controls, not just tie-off: The safest approach is to eliminate the fall hazard where possible, then use passive protection such as guardrails, then restraint, and only then fall arrest when lower-level controls are not feasible. Fall arrest stops a fall after it starts, so it requires more planning, more training, and a rescue plan. Administrative controls such as warning lines and safety monitors can support other controls, but they should never be the only protection when a physical fall hazard exists. [15]

[15] [3]

  • Eliminate the need to work at height whenever practical.
  • Install guardrails, covers, or barriers before relying on personal fall protection.
  • Use restraint where possible to prevent a worker from reaching the edge.
  • Use fall arrest only when prevention and restraint are not practical.
  • 3\. Ladder safety depends on correct selection, setup, and use: Ladders must be the right type and length for the job, placed on stable ground, and used only as intended. Workers should maintain three points of contact when climbing, keep their belt buckle between the side rails, and avoid overreaching or standing on the top steps unless the ladder is designed for that use. Damaged ladders must be removed from service immediately. Improvised ladder use, such as using a ladder on unstable surfaces or using it as a makeshift platform, creates a serious fall risk. [1]

[8]

  • Inspect ladders before each use for cracks, bent rails, loose rungs, missing feet, or contamination.
  • Set ladders on firm, level surfaces and secure them against movement.
  • Do not use ladders to gain extra height inside scissor lifts or other elevated platforms.
  • 4\. Scaffold and elevated platform safety requires inspection and competent use: Scaffolds and elevated work platforms must be assembled, inspected, and used according to manufacturer instructions and applicable regulations. Workers must verify that guardrails, access points, decking, wheels, outriggers, and load limits are correct before use. Only trained and authorized personnel should erect, modify, move, or operate elevated equipment. Never use damaged components or work from unstable, incomplete, or improperly braced platforms. [8]

[8] [2]

  • Inspect the scaffold or platform before each shift and after any change in conditions.
  • Confirm that guardrails, toe boards, and access systems are in place where required.
  • Keep the platform free of debris, tools, and materials that could create trip or dropped-object hazards.
  • 5\. Harnesses and anchor points must be selected, fitted, and inspected correctly: When fall arrest or restraint is required, the full-body harness must fit the worker properly and be inspected before each use. The dorsal D-ring should sit between the shoulder blades, straps must be snug but not restrictive, and damaged equipment must be removed from service. Anchor points must be strong, stable, and appropriate for the intended system and rescue needs. Workers must never attach personal fall arrest equipment to guardrails or use unapproved anchor points. [4]

[14] [16]

  • Inspect webbing, stitching, buckles, D-rings, and connectors before use.
  • Use only approved anchor points with adequate strength and correct location.
  • Ensure the system is compatible with the task and provides enough clearance to arrest a fall safely.
  • 6\. Dropped object prevention protects everyone below: Tools, materials, and debris at height can fall and strike workers, equipment, or the public below. Dropped objects are often caused by poor housekeeping, unsecured tools, overloading platforms, or working beneath active overhead tasks without exclusion zones. Use toe boards, tool lanyards, debris control, barricades, and controlled access zones to prevent objects from falling onto people below. [1]

[13]

  • Secure tools and small parts with lanyards where practical.
  • Keep materials away from edges and do not overload platforms.
  • Establish exclusion zones below overhead work and control access to the area.
  • 7\. Supervision, training, and permit-to-work controls are essential: Workers must be trained to recognize fall hazards, use equipment correctly, and understand the site-specific controls in place. Supervisors must verify that the permit-to-work or work-at-height authorization is valid, the area is inspected, and the crew understands the plan before work starts. Supervision should be active, especially when conditions change, new workers arrive, or multiple trades are working in the same area. [1]

[17]

  • Confirm workers are trained on the specific equipment and task.
  • Use a permit or authorization process for high-risk work at height.
  • Stop work and re-assess if conditions change or controls are not effective.

Hazard Identification

The following hazards are commonly encountered during work at height. Each one can lead to serious injury or death if not controlled before work begins.

  • Unprotected edges, open sides, and floor openings: A worker can fall to a lower level, suffer severe trauma, or be killed. Openings also create a risk for tools and materials to fall through and strike people below. [2]

[6]

(Risk: High)

  • Improper ladder use or damaged ladders: The ladder may slip, collapse, or shift, causing a fall from height, fractures, head injury, or fatal injury. [1]

[1]

(Risk: High)

  • Unsafe scaffold or platform conditions: Workers may fall from an unstable or incomplete platform, or the structure may collapse or tip, causing multiple injuries. [8]

[3]

(Risk: High)

  • Incorrect harness fit, damaged fall arrest equipment, or unsuitable anchor points: A fall arrest system may fail to protect the worker, increasing the chance of suspension trauma, impact injury, or fatality. [4]

[14]

(Risk: High)

  • Dropped objects from overhead work: Tools, materials, or debris can strike workers below, causing head injuries, lacerations, fractures, or fatal trauma. [13]

[1]

(Risk: Medium)

  • Delayed or unplanned rescue after a fall: A suspended worker may develop suspension trauma, lose consciousness, or die before emergency services arrive. [7]

[5]

(Risk: High)

Presenter Note: Ask the crew to identify the highest-risk edge, opening, or access point in the work area and explain what could happen if the control fails.

Control Measures

Use the hierarchy of controls to choose the most effective protection first. Eliminate the need to work at height where possible, install guardrails or covers as passive protection, use restraint to prevent access to the edge, and use fall arrest only when prevention is not practical. Administrative controls such as warning lines, barricades, and safety monitors can support the system, but they are not a substitute for physical protection. [15] [15]

  • Complete a site-specific risk assessment before work starts: Identify all fall hazards, access routes, weather concerns, nearby power lines, fragile surfaces, and dropped-object exposure. Reassess whenever the task, crew, equipment, or conditions change. [3]

[9]

  • Use a permit-to-work or authorization process for high-risk work at height: Require supervisor approval before starting work, confirm the rescue plan is in place, and verify that controls such as guardrails, anchors, and exclusion zones are ready and inspected. [11]

[7]

  • Install edge protection and opening protection wherever practical: Use guardrails, covers, toe boards, or warning barriers to prevent access to unprotected edges and openings. Ensure covers are secured and clearly marked so they are not removed or displaced. [6]

[3]

  • Select and inspect ladders, scaffolds, and elevated platforms before use: Use only equipment that is suitable for the task and in good condition. Remove defective equipment from service immediately and do not use makeshift platforms or damaged components. [1]

[16]

  • Use full-body harnesses and approved anchor points when fall arrest or restraint is required: Fit the harness correctly, connect to the proper lanyard or lifeline, and verify the anchor point is strong enough and positioned to minimize free fall. Never attach to guardrails or unapproved structures. [4]

[14] [14]

  • Control dropped-object hazards below the work area: Set exclusion zones, use barricades and signage, secure tools and materials, and keep the area below clear of nonessential personnel. Use tool lanyards and toe boards where appropriate. [13]

[1]

  • Provide active supervision and stop-work authority: Supervisors should verify that workers are following the plan, using the correct equipment, and not bypassing controls. Any worker should stop the job if a hazard is not controlled. [1]

[17]

  • Train workers and rescuers before assignment and refresh training regularly: Train workers on hazard recognition, equipment setup, inspection, and emergency actions. Rescue personnel need drills, simulated rescues, first aid, and CPR training. [1]

[12]

Safe Work Procedures

  1. Review the work-at-height plan, permit, and rescue arrangements before starting. Confirm the task, access method, fall protection, and communication method are understood by the crew. [11]
  2. Inspect ladders, scaffolds, harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, connectors, and anchor points before each use. Remove defective equipment from service immediately. [16]

[4]

  1. Set up edge protection, barricades, warning lines, or covers before work begins. Keep unauthorized workers out of the drop zone and maintain housekeeping to prevent slips and dropped objects. [6]
  2. Use the correct access equipment for the task and follow manufacturer instructions. Do not improvise with ladders, planks, stools, or unapproved attachments. [8]

[1]

  1. Maintain continuous supervision and communication. Stop work immediately if weather, surface conditions, equipment condition, or the work sequence changes the risk level. [12]

[9]

Presenter Note: Walk the group through the sequence: plan, inspect, control the area, work safely, and be ready to rescue. Reinforce that shortcuts at height are never acceptable.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements

  • Full-Body Harness: Use a properly fitted full-body harness whenever fall arrest or restraint is required. The harness must be inspected before each use, adjusted snugly, and worn so the dorsal D-ring sits between the shoulder blades. Damaged or impact-loaded harnesses must be removed from service. [4]

[14]

  • Check stitching, webbing, buckles, D-rings, and labels.
  • Adjust leg straps and chest strap for a secure fit.
  • Do not use body belts for fall arrest.
  • Lanyard or Lifeline: Use the correct lanyard or lifeline for the task, and ensure it is compatible with the harness and anchor point. Inspect for cuts, abrasion, deformation, or signs of deployment before use. The system must be arranged so the worker cannot free fall beyond the allowable distance for the equipment and task. [14]

[16]

  • Use only approved connectors and double-locking snap hooks where required.
  • Keep lifelines protected from sharp edges and chemical damage.
  • Replace any component that shows wear or impact damage.
  • Helmet or Hard Hat with Chin Strap, as required by site conditions: Wear head protection where there is a risk of impact from falling objects, overhead obstructions, or contact with structures during ascent, descent, or rescue. If the site requires a chin strap, keep it fastened so the helmet remains in place during movement or a fall. [13]
  • Select head protection suitable for the task and exposure.
  • Replace damaged head protection immediately.
  • Use additional protection where overhead hazards exist.
  • Safety Footwear and Gloves: Wear slip-resistant safety footwear and task-appropriate gloves to improve footing, protect hands during climbing and equipment handling, and reduce the chance of losing grip on ladders, rails, or rescue equipment. Footwear should be kept clean and free of mud, oil, or other contaminants that reduce traction. [1]

[10]

  • Choose footwear with good traction for the surface conditions.
  • Use gloves that allow dexterity without reducing grip.
  • Replace worn soles or damaged gloves promptly.

PPE is the last line of defense, not the primary control. It must be selected for the task, fitted correctly, inspected before use, and maintained in serviceable condition. If PPE is damaged, missing, or uncomfortable, stop and replace or adjust it before continuing work. [4] [16]

Real-World Example or Case Study

A common real-world scenario involves a worker repairing equipment near an unguarded roof edge or elevated platform. The worker becomes distracted, loses balance, and falls because there was no guardrail, no restraint system, and no rescue plan in place. In similar incidents, workers have also been injured when a lift tipped on uneven ground or when a worker leaned over a guardrail instead of staying within the protected area. The lesson is clear: the hazard must be controlled before the worker reaches the edge, and the rescue plan must be ready before the task begins. [6] [8]

Presenter Note: Use the example to show how a routine task can become fatal when edge protection, planning, or supervision is missing.

Group Discussion

Discuss the following questions:

  1. What is the highest-risk fall hazard in your work area today, and what control will we use before starting?
  2. If a worker fell and was suspended in a harness, who would initiate the rescue and what equipment would be used?
  3. Are there any tasks today where a ladder, scaffold, or platform could be replaced with a safer method?

Presenter Note: Encourage workers to speak about actual site conditions, not generic hazards. Ask them to identify one control they will personally verify before work begins.

Emergency Procedures

  1. Stop work immediately and alert the supervisor if a fall occurs or if a worker is suspended in a harness. Do not assume emergency services alone are enough. [7]
  2. Initiate the site rescue plan using the designated communication method and rescue team. Use the preplanned rescue equipment and access route to retrieve the worker as quickly as possible. [12]

[11]

  1. Provide first aid and arrange medical transport immediately after retrieval. Monitor the worker for suspension trauma and other injuries until medical care takes over. [7]

[10]

Questions and Answers

Questions are encouraged. If something is unclear, ask before work begins so the crew can correct the plan, equipment, or controls. [1]

  • Q: When is fall protection required?

A: Fall protection requirements depend on the task, surface, and jurisdiction, but it is required for many elevated work activities and in some cases regardless of height, such as open-sided floors, floor openings, impalement hazards, boom-supported elevated work platforms, and confined spaces. Workers must know the trigger height and site-specific rules before starting work. [2] [2]

  • Q: What should I check before using a harness or lanyard?

A: Inspect all components before each use for wear, damage, stitching defects, deformation, contamination, or signs of prior loading. Confirm the harness fits correctly, the D-ring is centered between the shoulder blades, and the connectors and anchor point are approved for the task. [4] [16]

  • Q: Why is a rescue plan necessary if workers already wear fall arrest equipment?

A: A fall arrest system stops the fall, but it does not remove the worker from danger. A suspended worker can develop suspension trauma quickly, so the rescue plan must provide a fast, site-specific method to retrieve the worker and deliver first aid. [7] [5]

Summary

Recap of main points:

  • Plan the job before starting and choose the safest access method and fall protection system for the task. [1]
  • Inspect ladders, scaffolds, harnesses, lifelines, and anchor points before each use and remove defective equipment from service. [16]
  • Use guardrails, covers, restraint, and other prevention methods before relying on fall arrest. [15]
  • Have a written rescue plan, trained rescuers, and clear communication procedures ready before work begins. [11]

[12]

Action Items

Specific actions participants should take:

  1. Verify your fall protection equipment is inspected, fitted, and ready before you start work. [4]
  2. Stop and report any unprotected edge, damaged ladder, missing guardrail, or unsafe scaffold condition immediately. [1]
  3. Keep the drop zone clear and secure tools and materials to prevent struck-by incidents below. [13]
  4. Know the rescue procedure, communication method, and who will call for help if a fall occurs. [12]

Remember: Plan it, protect it, inspect it, and rescue ready.

Report all hazards, near-misses, and incidents to your supervisor immediately.

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17 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Toolbox Talk: Fall Protection Full Body Harness

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# FALL PROTECTION FULL BODY HARNESS Date Posted: 02/17/2024 Full-body harnesses are critical elements. f adequate fall protection systems. Workers must understand how to wear and use full-body harnesses when operating at height properly. When used correctly on the job, a properly fitted and properly worn full-body harness can help prevent serious injury or death. According to WAC 296-880-[redacted postal code], a full-body harness is required as part of a Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS). According to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), standard Z359.11 defines a full-body harness as "a body support designed to contain the torso and distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the upper thighs, pelvis, chest and shoulders." ## CHECKING THE FULL-BODY HARNESS BEFORE WEAR Before each use, you must inspect the safety harness. Check your harness for broken, burned, or pulled stitching and stitching or rivets where the hardware is attached. Also, carefully check the webbing, belt ends, and side and back D-rings. Spending a few minutes performing the following steps could save your life: buckles, • Pick up the harness by its back D-ring. - Gently shake the harness to let the straps fall into place. • Make sure the buckles are unfastened. • Look for damage, such as worn, frayed, or missing threads, cracked webbing, or foreign material on the fall harness. • Check the metal strap fasteners and side and back d-rings to ensure they aren't cracked or deformed. • If your fall harness uses grommets, ensure they are firmly attached and not deformed or otherwise damaged. • Make sure tongue buckles are firmly attached and not bent. ## FULL BODY HARNESS WEAR CHECK A poorly fitted harness doesn't just lower the protection level of the harness. It can do additional harm in the event of a fall. When a harness is poorly fitted for the worker or uncomfortable, they are more likely not to use it or use it incorrectly. The items below should be checked to…

[2] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## What are some important considerations for the anchor system? (cont.) The applicable legislation will include requirements for anchor points. The anchor system should be used and installed according to the manufacturer's specifications and may need to be certified by an engineer. ## How will the rescue team communicate during an emergency? During the rescue planning and risk assessment, identify the most effective means of communication. Consider how a worker requiring rescue will communicate with their supervisor and rescue team, and how the supervisor and rescue team will communicate with each other. Methods may include using radios, cell phones, headsets, or direct voice communication. Make sure all workers and rescuers know the communication protocols, including how a rescue will be initiated. The roles and responsibilities of each team member should be clearly defined and understood, including who is responsible for calling the rescue team and emergency services when a fall occurs. ## What kind of training does the rescue team need? Rescuers require a comprehensive set of skills and expertise which is gained through specialized training and experience. Frequent training, including drills and simulated rescues, is important to ensure the safety of workers and rescuers. They also need to be trained and familiar with the rescue plan and procedures, required equipment, and the hazards associated with the work and rescue. Training should occur multiple times a year and before a specific job requiring a rescue plan begins. Consult with fall rescue experts to develop a training regimen that is specific to the tasks, work environment, and the types of possible rescue procedures that will be used. Do your due diligence when selecting a training provider. Ask for references and the qualifications and experience of the trainers. Consult the local fire department and health and safety regulator for addit…

[3] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## What should be included in a working at heights rescue plan? (cont.) Other key considerations include determining how a rescue will be initiated and making sure the appropriate equipment is available and maintained. The ability to respond very quickly and retrieve the worker is essential. Plan for situations where the worker is injured, including procedures for first-aid, medical treatment, and getting the injured worker to the hospital. The quickest route to the hospital should be determined. In locations far from a hospital, additional measures may be needed to make sure a worker can receive appropriate medical attention, as required. Immediately before work begins, another assessment should be done to ensure that the rescue plan is still appropriate and that no additional hazards or factors have been overlooked. Check and follow any legislative requirements regarding rescue at heights in your jurisdiction. ## What personal protective equipment (PPE) do rescuers need to use? The required personal protective equipment will depend on the hazards and risks present and should be specified in the fall rescue plan. Common personal protective equipment includes fall protection equipment, head protection, eye protection, high-visibility apparel, gloves, safety footwear, and other equipment. A first-aid kit and rescue equipment and accessories will also be required. ## How are hazards identified and risks assessed for a rescue at heights? Developing a systematic and comprehensive method for identifying hazards and assessing risk is essential. Risk assessments should be done well in advance and again immediately before and during the work as conditions can change. The team responsible for developing the rescue plan needs to identify all hazards that may cause harm to workers during the work and a potential rescue. Hazards may include: - sources that may damage equipment or infrastructure, such as the pr…

[4] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## How are hazards identified and risks assessed for a rescue at heights? (cont.) Before starting a task involving working at heights, all workers (including rescuers) should immediately report any concerns to the supervisor. If conditions or factors are a risk to workers or may impact a rescue, this concern needs to be addressed before the work begins. If rescuers have any concerns with their training or the rescue plan, they also need to report this to their supervisor so it can be addressed. Equipment used by workers and rescuers must be properly inspected and maintained, including before use. Any defective equipment must be replaced. Once all the hazards are identified and the risks are assessed, appropriate control measures need to be taken. The hierarchy of controls should be considered. It is important to continuously review and improve control measures to ensure their effectiveness. ## What methods and equipment can be used in a working at heights rescue? The rescue techniques and equipment must be specific for the working at heights task, including the hazards, where and how the rescue may occur, and other factors. When determining the appropriate rescue procedures, consult with experts on rescue at heights and ensure all rescuers have thorough training and experience with the selected methods. You can also reach out to your local fire department for guidance. Methods may include self-rescue, ladder rescue, elevating work platform rescue, using the lifeline to retrieve the worker, rescuers rappelling down to retrieve the worker, pulling a worker from an area below, using emergency equipment to reach the worker such as a crane basket or rope rescue. Methods must be suitable for the location. For example, planning on using a mechanical lift may not be appropriate when working where the ground is uneven (such as a forest) or where other materials may obstruct access to the worker's location. A…

[5] Toolbox Talk: Planning Ahead for Fall Protection

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# PLANNING AHEAD FOR FALL PROTECTION Date Posted: 02/17/2024 According to the Labor and Industries Department of Safety and Health (DOSH), Falls are the number one serious hazard for workers in most industries that can result in injuries or even death and accounted for 17 fatalities from 2017-2022 in Washington State. From a national perspective and according to statistics published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), there were 351 workplace fatalities in construction nationally due to falls to a lower level in 2020. ## HOW AND WHERE FALLS ARE OCCURRING According to a recent national survey conducted by the BLS: - 17% of the workers who fell were loading and unloading material when the fall occurred. • 13% of the workers who fell were involved in operating, repairing, cleaning, or installing equipment. • 10% of the workers were performing carpentry tasks. • The remaining activities that resulted in falls included painting, welding, roof work, sheet metal work, and bricklaying. The BLS study also asked participants to describe their specific movements during the fall. - 28% percent of the workers who fell said they were climbing up or down from an elevated position or location. • 13% of the workers were walking at the time they fell. • 11% of the workers were stepping from one surface to another. - 10% of the workers were moving backward. Adequate fall protection and equipment use could have prevented most of the fatalities and injuries reported in the BLS study. ## UNSAFE ACTS AND UNSAFE CONDITIONS The risk of falls is virtually present in every single workplace. However, the factors that can lead to a fall vary greatly. Many unsafe acts by employees as well as unsafe conditions, lead to fall incidents. Falls often result from series of contributing factors. They are often the result of multiple dangerous conditions and hazardous actions combined. Because of this, it is essential to look at unsafe conditions and unsafe acts to recognize dange…

[6] Tool Box Talk: Personal Fall Arrest Systems

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MIOSHA Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration # Tool Box Talk Personal Fall Arrest Systems ## Special points of interest: • 5000+lb anchor point • 6' free fall max • Calculate Total Fall Distance • Inspect PFAS prior to each use • Plan for Rescue • Must protect workers from all fall hazards of 6 feet or more. PFAS is one option. - Body belts can not be used. ## Anchorages Shall be capable of supporting at least 5,000 lbs. Shall be installed typically at shoulder height or above to limit the free fall distance to 6' or less. ## Connectors Snap hooks shall be a double locking type. Lanyard/Lifeline & Deceleration Devices PFAS deceleration devices shall limit maximum arresting force on an employee to 1,800 lbs. Be rigged such that an employee cannot free fall more than 6 feet. Lifelines shall be protected against chemicals, being cut or braded. Calculate the total fall distance to ensure that the employee to does not contact a lower level or object. Consider the free fall + the decelerated fall + the distance between the back "D-ring" to the wearer's feet. ## Body Harnesses Personal fall arrest systems and components subjected to impact loading shall be imme- diately removed from service. Personal fall arrest systems shall be inspected prior to each use for wear, damage and other deterioration. Should be adjusted to fit snug with the back "D-ring" in the center of the wearer's back between their shoulder blades. Provisions shall be made to provide for prompt rescue of employees in the event of a fall. Personal fall arrest systems shall not be attached to guardrail systems. LARA LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS CUSTOMER DRIVEN. BUSINESS MINDED. Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration Consultation, Education & Training Division [redacted street address], PO Box [redacted postal code] Lansing, MI [redacted postal code]

[7] Fall Prevention Training Guide A Lesson Plan for Employers

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# Third Talk: Roofing Work Safety (cont.) ## What steps do we take to keep us working safely on roofs? (cont.) • Train workers in hazard recognition and the OSHA Fall Protection standard to properly identify and understand the severity of fall hazards and certify through written record. • Guard or secure covers over holes with materials of sufficient strength, and write "Hole" over the cover upon observing the fall hazard. • Provide and use safety monitor systems, warning line systems, or controlled access zones, in accord with the OSHA Fall Protection standard. ## Personal fall arrest systems When conducting roofing work, there are many ways to prevent fall hazards. If workers use a Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS), the employer must provide a full body harness, lanyard and/or lifeline, per each worker, and an anchorage point independent of supporting any other platforms, but capable of supporting 5,000 lbs (22.2kN), per each attached worker. Make sure the PFAS fits the worker, and regularly inspect all fall protection equipment to ensure that it's still in good condition. If workers do not routinely use their PFAS, they may neglect routine daily inspection of their equipment - and when required to use their PFAS, a component part may fail! Falls are the leading cause of death in the construction industry, and even experienced workers can be hurt and killed in falls. Regularly wear your PFAS, stay connected and tie-off to a proper anchorage point at the job site. ## Safety monitor Workers can use a safety monitor system in conjunction with a warning line system with a low slope roof (4:12 vertical to horizontal, or less), under 50 feet or less in width. The safety monitor must be a competent person and have no other duties that could interfere with their responsibility. They are required to work on the same level as the work being performed, and close enough to workers for direct monitoring (visual) and for verbal communication. ## Let's discuss fall pr…

[8] Toolbox Talk: Inspection of Fall Protection Equipment

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# INSPECTION OF FALL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Date Posted: 09/07/2016 It is vital to inspect your Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS), Personal Fall Restraint System (PFRS), or Positioning Device System (PDS) in order to ensure that it not defective. is All components of Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS), Personal Fall Restraint Systems (PFRS) and Positioning Device Systems (PDS) shall be inspected prior to each use according to manufacturer's specifications for mildew, wear, damage, and other deterioration. Defective components shall be removed from service if their function or strength has been adversely affected. Safety nets shall be inspected at least once a week according to manufacturer's specifications for wear, damage, and other deterioration. Safety nets shall also inspected after any occurrence which could affect the integrity of the safety net system. Defective components shall be removed from service. Defective nets shall not be used. be PFAS, PFRS, PDS, and their components shall be used only for employee protection and not to hoist materials. The following is a summary of what to look for when inspecting your gear: ## ANCHORAGES • Ensure that the proper number and correct size of nails or screws are used. • Installation: follow manufacturer's specifications • Make sure that the ring swing freely • Inspect for any unusual shape or wear ## LANYARDS AND ROPE GRABS • No cuts or tears in the fabric or stitching - Snap hooks spring back when released • No deformation or gouges in fittings • Shock pack intact and no evidence of deployment • Ensure that there is no damage to the wear, or other characteristics that will affect the product's performance ## HARNESS • No cuts or tears in the fabric or stitching • No abrasion, fraying, stretching, mold, or chemical damage to fabric or stitching - Back "D" ring should be between the shoulder blades • If you see red, take the equipment out of service. Red tags are seen in shock packs and in the…

[9] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## What elements should a rescue plan include? (cont.) - Include procedures for: - rescue, including rope rescue, ladder rescue, retrieval lines, self-rescue, and location of anchor points - using any powered mobile equipment, mechanical hoisting systems or elevating devices that may be required during the rescue - first-aid and medical care for rescued or injured workers, including transport of the worker to the hospital - Identify the communication system that will be used. Make sure there is a backup system for the main method of communication - Identify all emergency exits and access routes within the worksite, including the roof and work area - Include procedures to clear and secure work areas that are unsafe or may interfere with a rescue - Provide contact information for local emergency medical and fire services, as appropriate (NOTE again: Relying only on calling local emergency services after an incident as a rescue plan is not appropriate.) - Review and update as needed (e.g., on a regular schedule, after changes to the worksite or tasks, and after a rescue or related incident) ## What should be included in a working at heights rescue plan? There are many factors to consider when developing a rescue plan. It is important to begin planning well before any work is done at heights to make sure the rescue plan is appropriate and that the rescue team is thoroughly trained. When developing the plan, involve qualified individuals competent in rescue at heights and those workers doing the work. Make sure the plan is specific for the job and considers the hazards, location, tasks being performed, environmental conditions, how and where a worker could fall and the type of rescue that would be needed, among other factors. Identify the hazards associated with the rescue. This information determines the rescue procedures, what equipment will be required, who will be on the rescue team, and w…

[10] Fall Protection - Fall Protection Plan (General)

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# Fall Protection - Fall Protection Plan (General) (cont.) ## What is working at heights? (cont.) - elevated work platforms, - fixed suspended work platforms, - swing staging, - boatswain's chairs, - aerial devices, - suspended equipment, or - personnel carrying equipment (e.g., personnel lifting units raised by cranes or hoists) Occupational health and safety laws generally require action when a worker has the potential to fall about 3 metres (10 feet). Check with your jurisdiction as exact requirements do vary. Note that most jurisdictions require the use of specific fall protection measures before, or in addition to, personal protective equipment (PPE). These measures generally include the use of some of the following: - fixed barriers (e.g., handrails, guardrails) - surface opening protection (e.g., covers, guardrails, etc.) - warning barriers or control zones - fall or travel restraint systems (i.e., a system to prevent a worker from falling from a work position, or from travelling to an unguarded edge from which the worker could fall) - fall containment system (e.g., safety nets) - fall arrest systems (ie., a system that will stop a worker's fall before the worker hits the surface below) There may also be specific legal requirements around use of equipment like ladders and scaffolding. ## What are fall protection plans and why are they important? A fall protection plan is a general term for the policy and procedures used to identify fall hazards, and the measures taken to prevent injury. Included in this plan is selecting, assembling, maintaining, inspecting, using, and dismantling equipment such as ladders, scaffolds, or platforms used for working at heights as well as any fall protection equipment. Emergency procedures for rescuing fallen workers (including those who are hanging in midair by their harness) are also needed. Fall protection plans must be specific to each site where workers are at heights. There is "no one size fits all" plan.…

[11] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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# Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan (cont.) ## What is a working at heights rescue plan? (cont.) Relying only on calling for local emergency services after an incident as a rescue plan is not appropriate. Workers who fall and become suspended in their fall arrest harness need to be rescued immediately. Suspension trauma (also referred to as orthostatic intolerance) involves blood pooling in the lower body, reducing the amount of oxygen available to the brain and other vital organs. It occurs when a worker hangs in the harness for too long. The harness may create pressure, preventing the blood from circulating, or the worker may be in shock, unconscious, or otherwise not able to move their legs, causing blood to pool in their lower limbs. This trauma can occur in minutes and can cause serious health effects such as damage to the brain, kidneys or other organs. Death may occur in less than 30 minutes. The worker may have sustained an injury from the fall or be unconscious and be unable to rescue themselves or assist the rescuers. A rescue may be needed if a worker experiences a medical emergency while working at heights, such as heat stroke, fainting, and cardiovascular or respiratory distress, and is unable to get down on their own or requires immediate medical assistance. The plan must also consider that the conditions or hazards that caused the fall may also be a risk to other workers, including the rescuers. ## What elements should a rescue plan include? Before a specific task begins, make sure that the plan covers any possible scenarios experienced at the specific worksite. Adjust and modify the rescue plan as needed. A rescue plan should include the following details: - Be written, reviewed and posted before work begins - Identify who will conduct the rescue and their roles and responsibilities - Include procedures for identifying, assessing, and controlling hazards - Outline training requirements for both rescue personnel and work…

[12] Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan

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CCOHS CCHST Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Centre canadien d'hygiène et de sécurité au travail Fall Protection # Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan ## On this page What is a working at heights rescue plan? Why are rescue plans important when working at heights? What elements should a rescue plan include? What should be included in a working at heights rescue plan? What personal protective equipment (PPE) do rescuers need to use? How are hazards identified and risks assessed for a rescue at heights? What methods and equipment can be used in a working at heights rescue? What are some important considerations for the anchor system? How will the rescue team communicate during an emergency? What kind of training does the rescue team need? What post-incident procedures should be followed after a rescue? ## What is a working at heights rescue plan? A working at heights rescue plan refers to written emergency response procedures for quickly retrieving and providing help to a worker who has fallen while working at heights. A rescue may be needed when a worker falls or needs rescue for other reasons (including medical emergencies or mechanical failures) and is located at an elevated position, such as being suspended by a fall arrest harness. Recuse may also be required while the worker is on a roof, crane, elevated platform, lifting device, or other areas. While a fall protection plan is intended to help prevent falls, it is important to include a rescue plan in case of an emergency. Why are rescue plans important when working at heights? Fall Protection - Working at Heights Rescue Plan CCOHS

[13] Toolbox Talk: Choosing the Best Fall Protection

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# CHOOSING THE BEST FALL PROTECTION ELIMINATE PASSIVE RESTRAINT ARREST ADMIN Date Posted: 01/27/2024 According to the WA Department of Labor and Industries, Falls account for more than 1/3 of all fatalities in Construction in WA State. (36% between 2018-2022 Labor and Industries). In 2020, nationally, there were 351 fatal falls to a lower level out of 1,008 construction fatalities (BLS data). These fatalities are preventable. Unfortunately, all fall protection methods are not equal, and often when choosing fall protection solutions, many tend to go directly to "tying-off." This is not the best choice as there is a hierarchy of solutions that should always be evaluated - in order-to determine which is the safest, most effective one. Fall hazards are foreseeable, and the best way to prevent falls is to utilize the Hierarchy of Fall Protection. ## ELIMINATE A fall hazard that doesn't exist can't cause an injury, so the best solution is to ensure the risks are eliminated. The first step in the Hierarchy of Fall Protection is elimination. Elimination means finding an approach to a task that does not place a worker in a position where they could be at risk of a fall injury. Hazard elimination is completely removing a hazard via construction or maintenance. It means that the risk of falling has been completely prevented. Example: have a worker use a light bulb changer pole to replace light bulbs rather than have that worker climb a ladder to reach the bulb. ## PASSIVE The second step is Passive protection. Passive protection is generally considered to provide a higher level of safety since the opportunity for error is lesser than using personal protective (PPE). Passive fall prevention includes physical barriers that keep workers away from edges that present fall hazards. equipment Example: Including guardrails or railings along the edge of an upper level that keeps workers away from high-risk edges. The requirements for guardrail systems are found in WAC 296…

[14] Toolbox Talk: Fall Protection

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# FALL PROTECTION Date Posted: 09/15/2016 ## FALL PROTECTION Falls are the most frequent cause of fatalities in construction and annually account for one of every three construction-related deaths. Fall protection trigger heights will vary depending on the task being performed. The "trigger height" is the minimum height at which fall protection is required. Know the trigger heights for your work and use fall protection as required. ## FALL PROTECTION REQUIRED REGARDLESS OF HEIGHT WAC 296-155-[redacted postal code] - Open sided floors, walkways, platforms, or runways above or adjacent to dangerous equipment. • Floor holes or floor openings into which persons can accidentally walk. • Falls into or onto impalement hazards, such as reinforcing steel (rebar), or exposed steel or wood stakes used to set forms. • Working from boom supported elevated work platforms. WAC 296-869-[redacted postal code] • Working in confined spaces. WAC 296-809-[redacted postal code] ## FALL PROTECTION AT FOUR FEET OR MORE WAC 296-155-[redacted postal code] • When employees are exposed to fall hazards of four feet or more to the ground or lower level when on a walking/working surface. • Walking/working surface is any area whose dimensions are 45 inches or greater in all directions, through which workers pass or conduct work. • When employees are using stilts • Where employees are working on platforms above the protection of a guardrail system, • While placing or tying reinforcing steel on a vertical face. • While working on a roof with a pitch greater than four in twelve (4:12) • While engaged in work, other than roofing work or leading edge work, on low pitched roofs • While working on a hazardous slope ## FALL PROTECTION AT TEN FEET OR MORE WAC 296-155-[redacted postal code] • Engaged in roofing work on a low pitched roof (4:12 or less) • Constructing a leading edge. • Working on any surface that does not meet the definition of a walking/working surface • Engaged …

[15] Toolbox Talk: Guardrails: General Fall Protection and Awareness

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Construction Prevent Falls: Guardrails Toolbox Talk NIOSH CPWR [● Falls are a leading cause of construction injuries and fatalities. Workers can fall from ladders, scaffolds, vehicles, heavy equipment, aerial lifts, platforms, and roofs, and through holes or openings in floors or roofs. Guardrails can prevent a fall. ## Bill's Story Bill was repairing an air conditioning unit on the roof of a three-story building. He was about a foot from an unguarded edge. When he stood up, he lost his balance. Bill fell 23 feet to the cement floor below and died. *What caused this incident? - How could this have been prevented? * Have you ever fallen because of a missing guardrail, or do you know someone who has? If so, what happened? ## How can we stay safe today? What will we do at the worksite to prevent fall injuries? ## Remember This • Your employer must provide every employee with training on how to recognize a fall hazard and on fall protection. • Guardrails, safety nets, and/or personal fall-arrest systems must be in place if there is a risk for falls. • Guardrails are required on work surfaces where workers are at risk of falls greater than 6 feet. - Guardrails must be 42 inches high (+/- 3") and have a mid-rail. • Body harnesses with lanyards and secure attachment points provided by employers must be used if guardrails cannot be provided. OSHA Standards: 1926.501 and 1926.503 CD C National and Health NIOSH® CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION CPWR 【O THE CENTER FOR CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH AND TRAINING

[16] Toolbox Talk: Scissor Lift Safety

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# SCISSOR LIFT SAFETY Date Posted: 05/15/2024 ## WHAT IS A SCISSOR LIFT? Scissor lifts are considered self-propelled elevating work platforms that move workers vertically to various locations to perform work. Scissor lifts are different from aerial lifts because the lifting mechanism moves the work platform straight up and down using crossed beams functioning in a scissor-like fashion. However, scissor lifts present hazards like scaffolding when extended and stationary. Therefore, using scissor lifts safely depends on considering equipment capabilities, limitations, and safe practices. Scissor lifts can be a great alternative to ladders on a job site. They can save time and provide a safer means to reach heights. However, they have risks and can cause serious injury if an employee is not trained or the equipment is misused. Scissor lifts come in various types, such as electric, rough terrain, pneumatic, diesel, or hydraulic. Finding the right scissor lift for the work location and task is essential to ensure it does what is needed and keeps the scissor lift operators safe. ## HAZARDS WHEN OPERATING SCISSOR LIFTS - Falls: This is the most common cause of scissor lift fatalities. Severe injuries or deaths can result from falls. Falls from scissor lifts often occur due to operator negligence, carelessness, and not using proper fall protection equipment. • - Tip-Overs: Tip-overs can occur if proper safety precautions are not followed when using scissor lifts. Ensure the ground a scissor lift is traveling or positioned on is free from bumps, holes, depressions, slick or wet surfaces, inclines, and slopes. Outriggers are used when stability is required. If work with a scissor lift must be completed while positioned on uneven ground, an incline, or a slope, ensure the scissor lift is equipped with outriggers. Avoid operating scissor lifts in high winds. Consider waiting until the winds calm down before proceeding with operations. When stationary, the scissor li…

[17] Toolbox Talk: Aerial Lift Safety

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# AERIAL LIFT SAFETY ## WHAT IS AN AERIAL LIFT? According to OSHA, an aerial lift is any vehicle-mounted device used to elevate personnel, including: • Extendable boom platforms • Aerial ladders • Articulating (jointed) boom platforms . Vertical towers • Any combination of the above. Work from or around aerial lifts presents many significant hazards. These include Power line contact or contact with other overhead obstructions, falls from elevation, tip-overs, being ejected from the lift basket, structural failure of the lift, objects falling from the and striking persons below, causing injury. Injuries from aerial lift accidents can be devastating and life-threatening, life-altering, or fatal. When broken down by trade, electricians had the most deaths (25%), followed construction laborers (15% ), electrical power installers and repairers (13%), painters (8%), and carpenters (5%). lift Additionally, most falls/collapses/tip-overs were within the height category of 10-29 feet. Tip-overs comprised 44-46% of boom-lift falls and 56-59% of scissor-lift falls. Constructing and repairing activities were associated with fall/collapse/tip-over incidents. ## HAZARDS AND HAZARD PREVENTION TIPS WHEN OPERATING AERIAL LIFTS Falls: This is the most common cause f aerial lift fatalities. Severe injuries or deaths can result from falls. Falls from aerial lifts often occur from improper lift operation and/or not using adequate fall protection equipment. To prevent falls from aerial lifts: • Ensure that access gates or openings are closed • Stand firmly on the floor of the lift platform or bucket • Do not climb on or lean over guardrails • Do not use planks, ladders, other devices to extend the working position • Use a body harness with a tether or lanyard attached to the boom bucket If Tip-overs can occur if proper safety precautions are not followed when using aerial lifts. Ensure the ground a lift is traveling or positioned on is free from bumps, holes, depres…

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