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Create a SWP for concrete mixing

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Concrete Mixing Safe Work Procedure ===================================

Document Number: \[SWP-NUMBER]

Revision Date: \[DATE]

Next Review Date: \[NEXT REVIEW DATE]

Department: \[DEPARTMENT NAME]

1\. Scope

This Safe Work Procedure (SWP) outlines the necessary safety precautions and procedures for the safe mixing of concrete. It applies to all workers involved in concrete mixing operations, whether using manual or mechanical methods. This SWP aims to minimize the risk of injury, equipment damage, and exposure to hazardous materials.

2\. Definitions

Competent Person One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. [13]

Hazard Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work. Risk The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.

3\. Responsibilities

3\.1 Supervisors

  • Ensure all workers are adequately trained and competent to perform concrete mixing tasks.
  • Provide workers with the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensure it is properly used and maintained.
  • Conduct regular site inspections to identify and mitigate potential hazards.
  • Enforce adherence to this SWP and all relevant safety regulations.
  • Ensure that all equipment is in good working order and properly maintained.
  • Develop and implement safe work procedures respecting the precast concrete parts. [1]

3\.2 Workers

  • Follow all instructions and procedures outlined in this SWP.
  • Use all required PPE properly and report any defects or damage.
  • Report any hazards or unsafe conditions to the supervisor immediately.
  • Participate in training and pre-job briefings.
  • Ensure that workers comply with those safe work procedures. [1]

4\. Potential Hazards and Risks

HazardRiskControl Measures
Dust inhalation (Silica, Cement) [4] [7]Respiratory irritation, silicosis, allergic reactions. Exposure to silica causes silicosis, a disabling, nonreversible and sometimes fatal lung disease caused by overexpo- sure to respirable crystalline silica.Use ready-mixed concrete when possible. Provide adequate ventilation. Use water to suppress dust. Wear appropriate respiratory protection (e.g., N95 respirator).
Skin contact with wet concrete [4] [4]Skin irritation, burns, dermatitis. Wet concrete is alkaline and causes skin irritation. With continuous contact, it can burn the skin, and chromium in the cement can cause allergic reactions.Wear alkali-resistant gloves, coveralls with long sleeves and pant legs, and waterproof boots. Wash skin immediately with pH-neutral soap and clean water if contact occurs.
Eye contact with concrete or dust [4]Eye irritation, burns, potential vision damage.Wear safety glasses or goggles. Ensure eyewash station is readily available.
Manual handling of heavy materials (bags of cement, aggregate) [8]Musculoskeletal injuries (strains, sprains, back injuries).Use mechanical aids (e.g., hand trucks, forklifts) where possible. Use proper lifting techniques (bend knees, keep back straight). Break down large quantities into smaller, manageable loads.
Slips, trips, and falls [4]Injuries from falls on slippery or uneven surfaces.Maintain a clean and organized work area. Wear slip-resistant footwear. Clean up spills immediately.
Equipment malfunction (mixer, power tools) [3]Cuts, lacerations, crushing injuries, electrocution.Regularly inspect and maintain equipment. Use equipment guards. Lockout/Tagout procedures for maintenance and repair. Ensure electrical equipment is properly grounded.
Noise exposure from equipment [12]Hearing loss.Wear hearing protection (earplugs or earmuffs) when operating or working near noisy equipment. Implement a hearing conservation program if noise levels exceed 85 dBA.
Contact with moving machinery parts [5]Entanglement, crushing, amputation.Ensure all machinery guards are in place and functioning correctly. Never reach into moving machinery. Use lockout/tagout procedures during maintenance.

5\. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  • Alkali-resistant gloves: Wear gloves that are resistant to the alkalinity of wet concrete to prevent skin irritation and burns. Neoprene or nitrile rubber gloves are recommended. [4]

[6]

  • Coveralls with long sleeves and pant legs: Wear protective clothing to minimize skin exposure to wet concrete and dust. [4]
  • Waterproof boots: Wear waterproof boots high enough to prevent concrete from flowing in to protect feet from contact with wet concrete. [4]
  • Safety glasses or goggles: Wear eye protection to prevent dust and splashes from entering the eyes. [4]
  • Respirator (N95 or higher): Use a NIOSH-approved respirator to protect against inhalation of dust, especially silica and cement dust. [7]
  • Hearing protection (earplugs or earmuffs): Wear hearing protection when operating or working near noisy equipment to prevent hearing loss. [12]

6\. Equipment and Tools

  • Concrete mixer (manual or mechanical): Use a well-maintained mixer suitable for the volume of concrete needed. Ensure all safety guards are in place and functioning. [3]
  • Shovels and hand tools: Use appropriate shovels and hand tools for moving and mixing concrete. Keep tools clean and in good working condition. [8]
  • Wheelbarrow or hand truck: Use a wheelbarrow or hand truck for transporting materials. Ensure it is in good repair and can handle the load. [4]
  • Water source: Ensure a clean water source is readily available for mixing and cleaning. [4]
  • Measuring containers: Use appropriate measuring containers to ensure accurate proportions of materials. [11]

8\. Safe Work Procedure Steps

  1. 1\. Pre-Start Inspection: Inspect the work area for hazards (e.g., slip/trip hazards, overhead obstructions). Check equipment (mixer, tools) for defects. Ensure all required PPE is available and in good condition. [9]
    • Check all moving parts are guarded
    • Ensure power cords are not damaged
  2. 2\. Set Up Work Area: Clear the area of obstructions. Ensure adequate ventilation. Position the mixer on a stable, level surface. [10]
    • Ensure adequate lighting
    • Barricade the area if necessary
  3. 3\. Don PPE: Put on all required PPE, including alkali-resistant gloves, coveralls, waterproof boots, safety glasses/goggles, and respirator (if needed). [4]
  4. 4\. Measure and Load Materials: Carefully measure the required amounts of cement, aggregate, and water according to the mix design. Load materials into the mixer, avoiding overfilling. [11]
    • Use appropriate measuring containers
    • Avoid creating excessive dust
  5. 5\. Mixing: Start the mixer and allow the materials to mix thoroughly until a consistent mixture is achieved. Add water gradually to achieve the desired consistency. [3]
    • Do not add excessive water
    • Monitor the mixing process
  6. 6\. Discharge Concrete: Carefully discharge the mixed concrete into a wheelbarrow or other container. Avoid spills. [3]
    • Control the discharge rate
    • Use proper lifting techniques when moving the concrete
  7. 7\. Clean Up: Clean the mixer and tools immediately after use to prevent concrete from hardening. Dispose of waste materials properly. [6]
    • Use water to clean equipment
    • Avoid discharging wastewater into drains
  8. 8\. Equipment Shutdown: Turn off and disconnect the mixer. Allow the mixer to come to a complete stop before performing any cleaning or maintenance. [3]

9\. Precautions and Safety Measures

  • Never reach into a moving mixer. [5]
  • Use Lockout/Tagout procedures when performing maintenance or repairs on equipment. [3]
  • Wash hands thoroughly after handling concrete, even if gloves were worn. [6]
  • Store materials properly to prevent spills and environmental contamination. [6]
  • Ensure adequate lighting in the work area. [2]

10\. Emergency Procedures

10\.1 General Emergency Response

In the event of an emergency (e.g., injury, equipment malfunction, spill), follow these steps: 1\. Stop work immediately. 2\. Assess the situation and ensure the safety of all personnel. 3\. Provide first aid if necessary. 4\. Report the incident to the supervisor. 5\. Investigate the cause of the incident and implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence.

10\.2 Specific Emergency Scenarios

  • Skin contact with wet concrete: Immediately wash the affected area with pH-neutral soap and clean water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. [4]
  • Eye contact with concrete or dust: Flush the eyes with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Seek immediate medical attention.
  • Equipment malfunction: Stop using the equipment immediately. Disconnect the power source. Report the malfunction to the supervisor. Do not attempt to repair the equipment unless you are qualified to do so. [3]

10\.3 Emergency Contact Information

In case of emergency, contact emergency services immediately. Ensure that contact information for supervisors, safety personnel, and emergency services is readily available.

11\. Incident Reporting and Investigation

All incidents, including near misses, must be reported to the supervisor immediately. A written incident report must be completed within 24 hours.

A thorough investigation will be conducted to determine the root cause of the incident and identify corrective actions to prevent recurrence. The investigation will involve interviews with witnesses, examination of the incident scene, and review of relevant procedures.

Approved by: \[NAME AND POSITION]

Date: \[APPROVAL DATE]

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13 source record(s)

Sources used for this answer

[1] Chipping the Barrel: Hazards of Cleaning Ready-Mixed Concrete Trucks

Page 5

Open source document

Source excerpt

# SECTION I (cont.) ## 6 Chipping the Barrel # Hazards of Cleaning Ready-Mixed Concrete Trucks 7 Employers requiring workers to enter ready-mixed concrete mixers must comply with all requirements set forth in 29 CFR 1910.146 "Permit-Required Confined Spaces" even if this work is contracted to a third party. ## The OSHA standard requires that the employer: 1. Implement measures to prevent unauthorized entry into the drum; 2. Identify and evaluate the hazards of the drums before employees enter them; 3. Develop and implement the procedures and practices necessary for safe permit space entry operations; 4. Provide the following equipment at no cost to employees: | Testing and monitoring equipment; - Ventilating equipment; ■Communications equipment; - Personal protective equipment; ■Lighting equipment; ■Barriers and shields; - Equipment for safe ingress and egress (lad- ders); - Rescue and emergency equipment; and - Any other equipment necessary for safe entry into and rescue from the drum. 5. Evaluate conditions inside the mixing drum when entry operations are conducted prior to entry and during entry; 6. Provide at least one attendant outside the drum for the duration of the operation; 7. Include in the permit program the means and procedures to enable an attendant to respond to an emergency affecting one or more of the drums being monitored without distraction from the attendant's other responsibilities as outlined in the standard; 8. Designate the persons who are to have active roles (for example, authorized entrants, atten- dants, entry supervisors, or persons who test or monitor the atmosphere in the drum) in entry operations, identify the duties of each employee, and provide each employee with the training required; 9. Develop and implement procedures for con- tacting rescue and emergency services. Just dial- ing 911 is not sufficient! The employer must have a system set up with a local emergency service with confin…

[2] Chipping the Barrel: Hazards of Cleaning Ready-Mixed Concrete Trucks

Page 9

Open source document

Source excerpt

# 14 Chipping the Barrel Honal Brother AFL-CIO Hazards of Cleaning Ready-Mixed Concrete Trucks 15 # SECTION III ## Respiratory Hazards OSHA's Respiratory Protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134) requires that the employer provide res- pirators when necessary to protect the health of workers. The standard also requires that the employer establish and maintain a respiratory protection program. Employers requiring workers to enter concrete mixers to chip them out must comply with all requirements set forth in the Respiratory Protection standard even if this work is contracted out. The primary respiratory hazard associated with chipping operations inside mixing drums is crys- talline silica. Silica is an ingredient of ready- mixed concrete that becomes airborne during jackhammering operations. Exposure to silica causes silicosis, a disabling, nonreversible and sometimes fatal lung disease caused by overexpo- sure to respirable crystalline silica. More than one million U.S. workers are exposed to crystalline silica, and each year more than 250 die from sili- cosis. There is no cure for the disease, but it is 100 percent preventable if employers, workers, and health professionals work together to reduce exposures. OSHA has established a Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for silica. When working

[3] Toolbox Talk: Wet Concrete

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CPWR TOOLBOX THE CENTER FOR CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH AND TRAINING TALK # Wet Concrete Wet concrete is alkaline and causes skin irritation. With continuous contact, it can burn the skin, and chromium in the cement can cause allergic reactions. Such contact can lead to stinging pain, itching, blisters, scabs, dead skin, and swelling. Allergic reactions can end careers. ## Jon's Story Jon, a construction worker, had been on a project for about a month. One of his tasks was to mix wet concrete. Jon did not know that his employer should have given him protective gloves and boots, and he did not know he needed them. By the end of the month, he had several burn marks on his hands. Jon went to the doctor and learned that his injuries were so bad that he could not work for a few months until his wounds healed. - Have you or someone you worked with ever suffered a burn or skin reaction from working with wet concrete? If so, what happened? - What could the worker have done to avoid the injury caused by contact with wet concrete? ## Remember This ➤ To protect skin from wet concrete, wear protective clothing and gear: - o Coveralls with long sleeves and pant legs - o Waterproof boots high enough to prevent concrete from flowing in - o Alkali-resistant gloves - o Safety glasses. ➤ Pull sleeves down over gloves and tuck pants inside boots; use duct tape at the top of boots to keep concrete out. ➤ To reduce potential contact with wet concrete during mixing, use ready-mixed concrete instead of mixing on site, when possible. ➤ Use a dry board or waterproof kneepads to protect knee fabric from becoming soaked when kneeling on fresh concrete. ➤ Remove jewelry such as rings and watches because wet concrete can collect under them. ➤ If skin comes in contact with wet concrete, wash it immediately with pH-neutral soap and clean water. DO NOT use the water in the bucket. DO NOT use hand sanitizers. - At home, wash your work clothes separately. How can we stay safe today…

[4] Sakrete - Concrete Dissolver

Page 3

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Source excerpt

# Sakrete Concrete Dissolver Safety Data Sheet according to the Hazard Communication Standard (CFR29 1910.1200) HazCom 2012. ## 6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up For containment : Methods for cleaning up : Contain spill, then place in a suitable container. Do not flush to sewer or allow to enter waterways. Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Scoop up material and place in a disposal container. Provide ventilation. ## 6.4. Reference to other sections For further information refer to section 8: "Exposure controls/personal protection". ## SECTION 7: Handling and storage ## 7.1. Precautions for safe handling <table><tr><th>Precautions for safe handling</th><th>: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray Do not swallow. Handle and open container with care. When using do not eat, drink or smoke.</th></tr><tr><td>Hygiene measures</td><td>: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Always wash hands after handling the product.</td></tr></table> ## 7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Storage conditions : Keep out of the reach of children. Store in dust-tight, dry, labeled containers. Keep containers closed when not in use. Do not store in an area equipped with emergency water sprinklers. ## SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection ## 8.1. Control parameters <table><tr><th>Sakrete Concrete Dissolver</th></tr><tr><td>No additional information available</td></tr><tr><td>Organic Carboxylic Compound (Trade Secret)</td></tr><tr><td>No additional information available</td></tr><tr><td>Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactant (Trade Secret)</td></tr><tr><td>No additional information available</td></tr></table> ## 8.2. Appropriate engineering controls Appropriate engineering controls : Ensure good ventilation of the work station. Environmental exposure controls : Avoid release to the environment. ## 8.3. Individual protection measures/Personal protec…

[5] Chipping the Barrel: Hazards of Cleaning Ready-Mixed Concrete Trucks

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Open source document

Source excerpt

# Hazards of Cleaning Ready-Mixed Concrete Trucks 9 (cont.) ## 10 Chipping the Barrel The employer must also provide training so that all employees whose work is regulated by the standard have the understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of the duties assigned. - Training must be provided to each affected employee. - The training must establish employee profi- ciency in the duties required and shall introduce new or revised procedures. - The employer must certify that the training is being conducted. Hazards of Cleaning Ready-Mixed Concrete Trucks 11 # SECTION II ## Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) The OSHA Lockout/Tagout standard (29 CFR 1910.147) covers the servicing and maintenance of equipment and machinery that could cause injury to employees if unexpectedly started or energized. Employees performing cleaning activities inside mixing drums are covered by this standard because unexpected startup of the mixer can cause serious injury or death to the worker. Employers requiring workers to enter ready-mixed concrete mixers must comply with all requirements set forth in 29 CFR 1910.147 "Control of Hazardous Energy" even if this work is contracted out. Under the Lockout/Tagout standard, employers are required to: 1. Develop an energy control program con- sisting of energy control procedures, employee training, and periodic inspec- tions to ensure that procedures are being followed; 2. Use locks when equipment can be locked out; 3. Ensure that new equipment or overhauled equipment can accommodate locks;

[6] Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012 (N.L. Reg. 5/12)

Page 146

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# Back to Top (cont.) ## Concrete placing hazards 384. (1) A protruding end of reinforcing steel that is hazardous to a worker shall be removed or effectively guarded. (2) Where a worker is required to be underneath the formwork during a concrete pour or placement of another significant load, the worker shall be restricted from the areas where the loads are placed. (3) A worker shall be restricted from the area under a portion of formwork where a load or concrete has been placed until it can be ensured that the formwork can withstand the load. (4) Placement of concrete or other loads shall cease in the event of weakness, undue settlement or excess distortion of formwork and may only restart after the formwork has been repaired or strengthened as specified by a professional engineer. (5) A load shall not be applied to an uncured concrete structure except where permitted by the erection drawings and supplementary instructions. 5/12 s384 ## Back to Top ## Inspections 385. Immediately before the placement of concrete or other loading, an employer shall ensure that the concrete formwork and falsework is inspected by a qualified person. 5/12 s385 ## Back to Top ## Pre-use inspections 386. (1) An operator shall inspect a concrete placing boom or mast and test its safety and control devices before use on each shift and record the results of the inspection and tests. (2) A defect found in the concrete placing boom or mast shall be recorded and reported immediately to the supervisor or employer who shall determine the course of action. (3) Where a defect may affect the safe operation of the concrete placing boom or mast, the equipment shall not be used until the defect has been remedied. Back to Top 5/12 s386 ## Controls 387. A control for a concrete placing boom or mast shall have its function clearly identified. Back to Top Emergency shutoff 5/12 s387 388. A concrete pump shall have a clearly labelled emergency stop switch near the hopper.

[7] Workplace Safety and Health Regulation (Man. Reg. 217/2006)

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# PART 31 (cont.) ## Procédés sécuritaires au travail (cont.) WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH W210 M.R. 217/2006 # PART 32 # PRECAST CONCRETE ## Application 32.1 This Part applies to every workplace where precast concrete is used. - Precast construction: general requirements 32.2 An employer must ensure that a precast concrete part of a structure is designed, constructed, installed. used, maintained and inspected in accordance with the specifications of (a) the professional engineer who designed it and the manufacturer who manufactured it: and (b) the professional engineer who designed the structure. ## Safe work procedures - 32.3 When precast concrete parts are to be constructed, installed, used, altered, maintained, repaired or inspected, an employer must (a) develop and implement safe work procedures respecting the precast concrete parts: (b) train workers in those safe work procedures; and (c) ensure that workers comply with those safe work procedures. ## Specifications and precast design engineer - 32.4 An employer must ensure that the design specifications and drawings relating to a precast concrete part that is to be used are signed and certified by the professional engineer or engineers referred to in section 32.2 and include the following: (a) the information necessary to enable the part to be accurately constructed and installed, including installed in the proper sequence; (b) the hoisting, site, storage, placement, grouting and field repair procedures for the part; # PARTIE 32 # BÉTON PRÉFABRIQUÉ ## Application 32.1 La présente partie s'applique à tous les lieux de travail où du béton préfabriqué est utilisé. ## Construction en béton préfabriqué : exigences générales 32.2 L'employeur voit à ce que les pièces en béton préfabriqué d'une structure soient conçues, construites, installées, utilisées, entretenues et inspectées conformément aux directives a) de l'ingénieur qui les a conçues et du fabricant: b) de l'ingénieur qui a c…

[8] Chipping the Barrel: Hazards of Cleaning Ready-Mixed Concrete Trucks

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# Hazards of Cleaning Ready-Mixed Concrete Trucks 17 (cont.) ## 18 Chipping the Barrel AFL-CIO Hazards of Cleaning Ready-Mixed Concrete Trucks 19 # SECTION IV ## Noise Hazards NIOSH studies have shown that drivers involved in mixer chipping operations are at risk for noise- induced hearing loss. Chipping operations inside the concrete mixing drum using a jackhammer or pneumatic chipper can reach sound levels of 102 to 113 decibels. OSHA's Occupational Noise Exposure standard (29 CFR 1910.95) requires that an employer implement a hearing conserva- tion program when employees are exposed to sound levels in excess of 85 decibels when aver- aged over an 8-hour work shift. Employers requiring workers to enter ready-mixed concrete mixers must comply with all requirements set forth in 29 CFR 1910.95 "Occupational Noise Exposure" if the workers are exposed to noise above the OSHA action level of 85 dBA. The hearing conservation program consists of noise monitoring, noise control, audiometric (hearing) tests, hearing protection, employee training and education, and record keeping.

[9] Cal/OSHA Regulations | Chapter 4 | Subchapter 7: General Industry Safety Orders | §5342. Mixing Buildings

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This information is provided free of charge by the Department of Industrial Relations from its web site at www.dir.ca.gov. These regulations are for the convenience of the user and no representation or warranty is made that the information is current or accurate. See full disclaimer at https://www.dir.ca.gov/od_pub/disclaimer.html. Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders Group 18. Explosives and Pyrotechnics Article 120. Mixing Blasting Agents Return to index New query ## §5342. Mixing Buildings. (a) Buildings used for the mixing of blasting agents shall conform to the requirements of this section. Buildings constructed after May 21, 1971, shall be noncombustible construction or of sheet metal on wood studs. (b) The layout of the mixing building shall provide physical separation between the finished product storage and the mixing and packaging operation in accordance with applicable intraline distances contained in Section 5327. (c) Floors in the processing plant shall be of concrete or of nonabsorbent material and free of cracks and crevices. (d) Floors shall be constructed to eliminate open floor drains and piping into which molten materials could flow and be confined in case of fire. (e) Liquid fuel shall be stored outside the mix building and away from the oxidizer area. The storage area shall be designed and located in such a manner that in case of tank rupture, the oil fuel shall be retained or be drained away from the mixing plant building. The shut-off valves shall be at the tank. Suitable means shall be provided to prevent the flow of oil fuel to the mixer in case of fire. In gravity flow systems, an automatic spring-loaded shut-off valve with fusible link shall be installed. (f) The building shall be well ventilated. - Note: The recommendation for ventilation as contained in SLP No. 1, Institute of Makers of Explosives, 1993 Edition, is evidence of good practice. (g) Heat shall be provided exclusively from a unit outside of the building or …

[10] Rules for the Administration of the Oregon Safe Employment Act (Construction, Division 3, OSHA Oregon)

Page 764

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# Concrete and Masonry Construction (cont.) ## 1926.700 Scope, Application, and Definitions Applicable to this Subpart (cont.) Q Division 3 AO 1-2003 Oregon Administrative Rules Concrete and Masonry Construction Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division Jacking operation means the task of lifting a slab (or group of slabs) vertically from one location to another (e.g. from the casting location to a temporary (parked) location, or from a temporary location to another temporary location, or to its final location in the structure), during the construction of a building/structure where the lift-slab process is being used. [53 FR [redacted postal code], June 16, 1988, as amended at 55 FR [redacted postal code], Oct. 18, 1990] Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) and 656.726(3). Hist: APD Admin. Order 4-1989, f. 3/31/89, ef. 5/1/89 (temp). APD Admin. Order 8-1989, f. 7/7/89, ef. 7/7/89 (perm). [redacted phone] Additional Definitions to Concrete and Masonry Construction Competent person means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. NOTE: For the ease of the reader, this definition is reprinted here from 1926.32. Deadman is a large weight of sufficient mass used to anchor the base of a brace to a masonry wall. Grout lift is an increment of grout height within the total grout pour. Grout pour is the total height of a masonry wall to be grouted prior to the erection of additional masonry. A grout pour can consist of one or more grout lifts. High wind area is where construction activity continues when winds are expected to exceed 35 mph on a regular basis. Protected area is a location at a jobsite that is not exposed to winds, such as basements and interior areas. Qualified person means one who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professi…

[11] safety-manual-businesses-en

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# Section 4 # Safe Work Practices Driving a Motor Vehicle SWP 26 Hand Tools SWP. 28 Manual Material Handling SWP 29 Ladder SWP 30 Office Ergonomics SWP. - 32

[12] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)

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# MINIMUM SAFETY FACTORS OF FORMWORK ACCESSORIES* (cont.) ## R 408.[redacted postal code] Concrete mixing, pouring, and floating. (cont.) loose material from accumulating on the top and sides of the bucket. (7) An employee shall not be permitted to ride bucket or walk or work under a bucket that is suspended from a crane or cableway. a (8) A concrete bucket that is positioned by a crane or cableway shall be suspended from an approved swivel safety-type hook. (9) A pumpcrete or similar system using discharge pipe shall have pipe supports that are designed for a 100% overload. Compression air hoses in the system shall be provided with positive fail-safe joint connectors to prevent the separation of sections when pressurized. (10) A runway, ramp, or scaffold shall be provided for placement of concrete in areas such as walls, piers, columns, and beams, as prescribed in Construction Safety Standards Part 12 "Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms," Part 21 "Guarding of Walking and Working Areas," and Part 45 "Fall Protection," as referenced in R 408.[redacted postal code]. (11) A concrete mixer, or other equipment, such as a compressor, screen, or pumps used for concrete construction activities, where inadvertent operation of the equipment may occur and cause injury, shall be locked out when an employee is performing maintenance or repair. An employee who is inside a concrete mixer performing maintenance or repair shall have the only key to the lock. (12) Sections of tremies and similar concrete conveyances shall be secured with wire rope, or equivalent materials, in addition to the regular couplings or connections. ## R 408.[redacted postal code] Forms and shoring generally. - Rule 2521. (1) Formwork, shoring, and reshoring shall be designed, erected, supported, braced, and maintained so that they will support all vertical and lateral loads that may be imposed upon them during placement of concrete or until the loads can be supported by the concrete structure. (2)…

[13] WAC [redacted identifier] - General provisions

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- WAC [redacted identifier] General provisions. (1) General. All equipment, material and construction techniques used in concrete construction and masonry work must meet the applicable requirements for design, con- struction, inspection, testing, maintenance and operations as prescri- bed in ANSI A10.9-1997, Concrete and Masonry Work Safety Requirements. (2) Construction loads. You must not place any construction loads on a concrete structure or portion of a concrete structure unless the employer determines, based on information received from a person who is qualified in structural design, that the structure or portion of the structure is capable of supporting the loads. (3) Vertical loads. Vertical loads consist of a dead load plus an allowance for live load. The weight of formwork together with the weight of freshly placed concrete is dead load. The live load consists of the weight of workers, equipment, runways and impact, and must be computed in pounds per square foot (psf) of horizontal projection. (4) Lateral loads. Braces and shores must be designed to resist all foreseeable lateral loads such as wind, cable tensions, inclined supports, impact of placement, and starting and stopping of equipment. The assumed value of load due to wind, impact of concrete, and equip- ment acting in any direction at each floor line must not be less than 100 pounds per lineal foot of floor edge or two percent of total dead load of the floor, whichever is greater. Wall forms must be designed for a minimum wind load of 10 psf, and bracing for wall forms should be designed for a lateral load of at least 100 pounds per lineal foot of wall, applied at the top. Walls of unusual height require special consideration. (5) Special loads. Formwork must be designed for all special con- ditions of construction likely to occur, such as unsymmetrical place- ment of concrete, impact of machine-delivered concrete, uplift, and concentrated loads. (6) You must check form supports and wedges dur…

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