Write a risk assessment for Generator major overhauling

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# Hazard assessment worksheet: Eye and face protection (cont.) ## PPE required (cont.) OSHA Oregon OSHA Department of Consumer and Business Services # Hazard assessment worksheet: Head protection Salem Central Office [redacted street address]. NE Salem, OR [redacted postal code] Phone: [redacted phone] Toll-free: [redacted phone] osha.oregon.gov Work task: Date ## Potential hazards No hazards requiring head protection Overhead objects that could fall Exposed pipes or beams (less than 6.5 feet overhead) Energized electrical equipment Other hazard: <table><tr><th>PPE required</th></tr><tr><td>None required</td></tr><tr><td>Impact Type I</td></tr><tr><td>Impact Type II</td></tr><tr><td>Electrical Class G (general)</td></tr><tr><td>Electrical Class E (electrical)</td></tr><tr><td>Electrical Class C (conductive)</td></tr><tr><td>Other PPE:</td></tr></table> 440-5871 (07/23/COM)

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# Hazard assessment worksheet: Leg protection (cont.) ## PPE required (cont.) OSHA Oregon OSHA Department of Consumer and Business Services # Hazard assessment worksheet: Hand protection Salem Central Office [redacted street address]. NE Salem, OR [redacted postal code] Phone: [redacted phone] Toll-free: [redacted phone] osha.oregon.gov Work task: Date ## Potential hazards - No hazards requiring hand protection - Harmful or hazardous temperatures - Chemicals that can be absorbed into the skin or cause burns - Energized electrical equipment - Mechanical equipment that can cause bruises, abrasions, cuts, punctures, fractures, or amputations Other hazard: ## PPE required None required - Cut resistant gloves General-purpose work gloves Chemical resistant gloves ............... Insulated gloves Heat and flame resistant gloves Latex or nitrile gloves Electrician's insulated rubber gloves Cotton, leather, or anti-vibration gloves Other PPE: 440-5871 (07/23/COM)

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# CHAPTER 2 -- ENFORCEMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES (cont.) NOTE: Other OR-OSHA Instructions, such as A-62 for the permit required confined spaces standard and A-212, for the electric power generation, transmission and distribution standard also address CSHO safety policy. Therefore, CSHOs must follow the LOTO standard requirements, which include the group LOTO and the verification of isolation provisions before inspecting, servicing and maintenance activities work on machinery or equipment. For example, if a CSHO performing a fatality investigation determines that it is necessary to inspect a potentially hazardous area of the bridge on an overhead crane, then the inspector would need to determine whether or not the employer's energy control procedure for the crane is compliant with the LOTO standard. The CSHO could, after determining the employer's procedure is compliant, then coordinate his activities with the host. This would, in part, entail applying his personal LOTO device on the appropriate energy isolating device(s) or group lockout mechanism and witnessing the verification that isolation and deenergization have been accomplished. After all of the LOTO control standard control measures are implemented, the CSHO may then enter the bridge area to inspect. NOTE: At no time must any CSHO personally perform any machine/equipment shutdown, energy source isolation or servicing/maintenance work on any machine/equipment as part of the LOTO evaluation. All verification of energy isolation must be performed by the employer's authorized or primary authorized employee(s) in accordance with their energy control procedures and witnessed by the CSHO. Additionally, if the overhead crane investigation scenario involves employee exposure to unguarded live electric circuits, such as an unguarded live electric bus, then the electric utilization equipment must be de-energized (e.g., lockout and tagging by a qualified employee) in accordance with the Selection and use of work p…

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# ARC FLASH HAZARDS (cont.) ## HOW CAN YOU PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE HAZARDS OF ARC FLASH? (cont.) • De-energizing would create a more significant hazard, or it is necessary for the interests of health and safety that the electrical work is carried out while the equipment is energized (e.g., it may be required for life-saving equipment to remain energized and operating while electrical work is carried out on the equipment). • It is necessary that the electrical equipment to be worked on is energized for the work to be carried out correctly. • It is necessary for testing or troubleshooting. • There is no reasonable alternative means of carrying out the work. ## NOTE: USE APPROPRIATE LOCKOUT, TAGOUT, AND HAZARDOUS ENERGY CONTROL PROCEDURES TO ISOLATE ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT WHEN A CIRCUIT BREAKER OR OTHER DISCONNECT TURNED OFF. THE BEST ARC FLASH PROTECTION IS TO DE-ENERGIZE EQUIPMENT BEFORE WORKING ON IT! IS Second Best Choice for Arc Flash Protection: Use appropriately rated personal protective equipment (PPE). Arc flash personal protective equipment (PPE) is a combination of clothing and safety equipment worn for protection from arc flash and shock hazards by a person performing electrical work. Primarily, arc flash PPE is divided into the following subgroups: • Head, face, neck, and chin protection • Eye protection • Hearing protection • Body protection • Hand and arm protection • Foot and leg protection ## GENERAL ELECTRICAL SAFE WORK PRACTICES All employees working on or near electrical equipment shall follow general safe work practices, including: • Maintain housekeeping procedures in the work area, e.g., prevent slip trips and falls; eliminate fire hazards; control dust; prevent falling hazards; clear clutter. • Plan and analyze each step of a work task to ensure safety. • - Maintain appropriate work boundaries for qualified electrical workers (QEW) and unqualified workers. • Use properly rated and tested test equipment (e.g., multimeter). …

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# ATTACHMENT A # Hot Work Permit Sample (attach to Entry Permit) XYZ Company Date: <empty> Issue time: <empty> Expiration time: <empty> Location of permit space: <empty> Work tasks: <empty> Potential Hazards Authorized Workers O Toxic O Electrical Entrants: O Corrosive O Mechanical O Flammable/Explosive O Fire/heat Attendant(s): O Radioactive O Spills Fire/safety watch: O Energy release O Oxygen Enrichment - O Stored energy Procedures/Precautions: O Procedures O Communications O Entry permit O Ventilation O Training O CPR/first aid O Rescue plan O Sprinkler system in service O Charged fire hose O Surfaces wetted down O Shower/eyewash located Safety Equipment: O Hard hat O Eye protection O Hearing protection O Foot/hand protection O Protective clothing O SCBA O Respirator: <empty> O Tripod O Barricade/cones O Communication devices O First aid kit O Fire extinguisher O: <empty> Vessel Prep/Isolation: O Cleaning/purging O Ventilation O Signs/barriers O Lagging cloths/tarps O Lockout/tagout O Blanking/bleeding O Disconnect mechanical linkages O Secure moving parts O: <empty> O: <empty> O: <empty> Special Tools - O Low voltage - O Non-sparking - O Tools inspected for frayed/broken wires - O Lighting intrinsically safe Special Work Procedures - O Never bring gas cylinders or other large equipment into space - O Never block entry/exit with equipment - O Shut down during breaks or overnight - O Fire watch to remain 30 minutes after completion of hot work O Entry authorizer (name, title, date): <empty> Emergency contact: <empty> 52 2

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# Protection from Electric Shock and Arc Flash Journeyman Technical Information Paper 2 OBED LEB 10 1808 BAITDING-C REHICYA FEDEBLOW ROBAR About 50 electrical workers are killed in construction every year in the U.S. by electric current and many more are injured. Over half of the deaths are from working on energized ("live") electric circuits without proper protection - often when it was not necessary to work "live." At least one-third of the electrocutions occur at low voltage, under 600 volts. This paper discusses precautions for electricians, but does not cover electric utility work. ## Electric hazards Electricity-related hazards include electric shock and burns, arc-flash burns, arc-blast impacts, and falls. - Electric shock and burns. An electric shock occurs when electric current passes through your body. This can happen when you touch an energized part. If the electric current passes across the chest or head, you can be killed. At high voltages, severe burns can result. - Arc-flash burns. An electric arc flash can occur if a conductive object gets too close to a high-amp current source or by equipment failure (for instance, while opening or closing disconnects). The arc can heat the air to temperatures as high as 35,000° F, and vaporize metal in the equipment. The arc flash can cause severe skin burns by direct heat exposure and by igniting clothing. - Arc-blast impacts. The heating of the air and vaporization of metal creates a pressure wave that can damage hearing and cause memory loss (from concussion) and other injuries. Flying metal parts are also a hazard. - Falls. Electric shocks and arc blasts can cause falls, especially from ladders or unguarded scaffolding. ## Electric Safety Principles Plan every job. Decide on your approach and step-by-step procedures. Write down first-time procedures. Discuss hazards and procedures in a job briefing with your supervisor and other workers before starting a job. Your employer should already have or dev…

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# Confined Space Entry Assessment Form/Permit <table><tr><th colspan="6">Preparation</th></tr><tr><td>Yes</td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>N/A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Entry area free of debris and objects</td><td></td><td></td><td>No compressed cylinders in space</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Warning barriers and signs in place</td><td></td><td></td><td>Host employer and/ or contractor notified</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Atmospheric monitoring conducted</td><td></td><td></td><td>Entry and emergency procedures reviewed</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Other hazards identified and isolated</td><td></td><td></td><td>Personnel have been trained</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Hot work permitted</td><td></td><td></td><td>Personnel informed of potential hazards</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Energy sources isolated/locked out</td><td></td><td></td><td>Electrical equipment is grounded</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Confined space drained and flushed</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> <table><tr><th></th><th></th><th colspan="4">Equipment Required</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Yes N/A</td><td>Yes</td><td>N/A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Forced air or exhaust ventilation</td><td></td><td></td><td>Non-sparking tools used</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Ground fault interrupters (GFCI)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Low voltage lighting used</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Retrieval Equipment</td><td></td><td></td><td>Equipment rated for explosive atmospheres</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Fire Extinguishers</td><td></td><td></td><td>Communication Equipment</td></tr></table> <table><tr><th colspan="6">Personal Protective Equipment Required</th></tr><tr><td>Yes</td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>N/A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Hard Hat</td><td></td><td></td><td>Protective Clothing</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Eye/Face Protection</td><td></td><td></td><td>Hearing Pro…

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# Why is working in a confined space more hazardous than working in other workspaces? (cont.) ## What should be done when preparing to enter the confined space? (cont.) The results of the tests for these hazards are to be recorded on the Entry Permit along with the equipment or method(s) that were used in performing the tests. Air testing is often ongoing, depending on the nature of the potential hazards and the nature of the work. Conditions can change while workers are inside the confined space and sometimes a hazardous atmosphere is created by the work activities in the confined space. For more information see our OSH Answers document on Confined Space - Atmospheric Testing. ## How are hazards controlled in confined spaces? Hazards and risks associated with a confined space must first be identified through a risk assessment. After this is done, a hazard control program can be put in place. The traditional hazard control methods found in regular worksites, which are implemented based on the hierarchy of controls, can be effective in a confined space. The most effective controls are elimination and substitution, if these are not possible or if there is remaining risk, then engineering controls should be considered. Administrative controls should also be put in place to complement other controls. The last measure to consider is personal protective equipment. However, often because of the nature of the confined space and depending on the hazard, special precautions not normally required in a regular worksite may also need to be taken. Elimination removes the hazard (e.g., finding another way to complete a job without entering a confined space) and substitution replaces a hazard with a safer one (e.g., using cold work methods instead of hot work). An engineering control commonly used in confined spaces is mechanical ventilation. The entry permit system is an example of an administrative control used in confined spaces. Personal protective equipment (such as res…

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# Arc Flash (cont.) ## What elements should be considered when doing an arc flash risk assessment? (cont.) Whenever possible, do not work on energized equipment. Always follow lockout/tagout procedures as part of a hazardous energy control program. Other protective measures include: - Making sure conductors and circuit parts are in a safe working condition - Using lower energy equipment or current energy limiting devices - Guarding energized electrical conductors and circuit parts - Using arc flash approach boundaries, including barricades - Increasing the working distance - Using non-contact instruments or procedures, where possible - Using non-sparking tools - Implementing work permits, safe work procedures, and job planning - Posting signs alerting of the hazards - Wearing shock and arc flash personal protective equipment (PPE) ## What would be included in preventive maintenance? Preventive maintenance includes: - Regular inspection for wear and tear of insulation, corrosion, poor connections, overheated electrical conductors, excessive pitting of contacts, or excessive moisture, water, or ice on the equipment. - Regular measurements of critical components. - Routine inspections of circuit breakers and relays (develop a testing schedule based on the manufacturer's instructions or the InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) guidelines). - Follow established maintenance requirements, including a parts replacement schedule. - Keep electrical drawings current. ## What are approach boundaries? Boundaries are used to limit how close workers and others should be to the equipment or circuits, especially when work is being done. Arc Flash CCOHS

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# Option 2 # Job Hazard Analysis for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Assessment Job/Task: Location: <table><tr><th>Job/Task Step</th><th>Hazard Type</th><th>Hazard Source</th><th>Body Parts At Risk</th><th>Severity</th><th>Probability</th><th>Risk Code</th><th>Control Method¹</th></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table> (1) Note: Engineering, work practice, and/or administrative hazard controls such as guarding must be used, if feasible, before requiring employees to use personal protective equipment. Certification of Assessment *Name of work place: <empty> *Address: <empty> *Assessment Conducted By: <empty> Title: <empty> *Date(s) of Assessment: <empty> Implementation of Controls Approved By: <empty> Title: <empty> Date: <empty> Page 24 24 24

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# Hazard assessment worksheet: Head protection (cont.) ## Potential hazards (cont.) OSHA Oregon OSHA Department of Consumer and Business Services # Hazard assessment worksheet: Foot protection Salem Central Office [redacted street address]. NE Salem, OR [redacted postal code] Phone: [redacted phone] Toll-free: [redacted phone] osha.oregon.gov Work task: Date ## Potential hazards - No hazards requiring foot protection - Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto or fall on a worker's feet - Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that could pierce the soles or uppers of ordinary shoes - Molten metal Hot, wet, or slippery surfaces Energized electrical equipment Other hazard: ## PPE required None required Steel toe shoes Boots or shoes metatarsal guards Slip resistant soles Puncture resistant soles Chemical resistant boots Insulated boots or shoes Other PPE: 440-5871 (07/23/COM)

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# De-Energizing (cont.) ## Lockout/tagout program (cont.) entirety. ensuring all energy sources are under lockout/tagout and to account for all people on the job. There should be a written plan addressing the specific details and naming the person in charge. Removal of lockout/tagout devices. Lockout and tagout devices should be removed only by the person installing them. If work is not completed when the shift changes, workers arriving on shift should apply their locks before departing workers remove their locks. Return to service. Once work is completed and lockout/tagout devices removed, tests and visual inspection must confirm that all tools, mechanical restraints, electric jumpers, shorts, and grounds have been removed. Only then is it safe to re- energize and return to service. Employees responsible for operating the equipment and needed to safely re-energize it should be out of the danger zone before equipment is re-energized. Temporary release. If the job requiring lockout/tagout is interrupted for testing or positioning equipment, follow the same steps as in return to service (above). ## Working On or Near Live Circuits Working on live circuits means actually touching energized parts. Working near live circuits means working close enough to energized parts to pose a risk even though you make be working on de-energized parts. Common tasks where you need to work on or near live circuits include: - Taking voltage measurements - Opening and closing disconnects and breakers - Racking breakers on and off the bus - Removing panels and dead fronts - Opening electric equipment doors for inspection. There should be standard written procedures and training for these common tasks. For instance, when opening and closing disconnects, use the left-hand rule when possible (stand to the right side of the equipment and operate the disconnect with your left hand). For other situations where you might need to work on or near live circuits, your employer should in…

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# What types of PPE may be necessary? Your hazard assessment should determine if your employees need any of the following types of PPE: - Eye and face protection ◆ Fall protection - Foot protection • Hand/general skin protection - Head protection • Hearing protection • Leg protection ● Personal floatation device • Respiratory protection • Torso/general body protection ## How to do a PPE hazard assessment ## Do a baseline survey to identify workplace hazards A baseline survey is a thorough evaluation of your entire workplace - including work processes, tasks, and equipment - that identifies safety and health hazards. A complete survey will tell you what the hazards are, where they are, and how severe a potential injury could be. ## Suggestions: Use safety data sheets (SDS) to identify chemical hazards. A safety data sheet has detailed information about a hazardous chemical's health effects, its physical and chemical characteristics, and safe handling practices. Review equipment owner and operator manuals to determine the manufacturer's safety warnings and recommended PPE. Conduct a job-hazard analysis (JHA) - a method of identifying, assessing, and controlling hazards associated with specific jobs. A JHA breaks down a job into tasks. You evaluate each task to determine if there is a safer way to do it. A job-hazard analysis works well for jobs with difficult-to-control hazards and jobs with histories of accidents or near misses. JHAS for complex jobs can take a considerable amount of time and expertise to develop. You may want to have a safety professional help you. Have an experienced safety professional survey your workplace with you. 4

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# Hazard Assessment For PPE (cont.) ## Instructions: (cont.) Option 1 # PPE Hazard Assessment Certification Form *Name of work place: <empty> *Work place address: <empty> *Required for certifying the hazard assessment. Work area(s): <empty> *Assessment conducted by: <empty> *Date of assessment: <empty> Job/Task(s): <empty> Use a separate sheet for each job/task or work area *Required for certifying the hazard assessment. Use a separate sheet for each job/task or work area EYES: Work activities, such as: [ ] abrasive blasting [ ] sanding [ ] chopping [ ] sawing [ ] cutting [ ] grinding [ ] drilling [ ] hammering [ ] welding [ ] punch press operations [ ] other: <empty> Work-related exposure to: [ ] airborne dust [ ] flying particles [ ] blood splashes [ ] hazardous liquid chemicals [ ] intense light [ ] other: <empty> Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes [ ] No [ ] If no, use: [ ] Safety glasses [ ] Side shields [ ] Safety goggles [ ] Dust-tight goggles [ ] Shading/Filter (#<empty>) [ ] Welding shield [ ] Other: <empty> FACE: Work activities, such as: [ ] cleaning [ ] foundry work [ ] welding [ ] siphoning [ ] mixing [ ] painting [ ] pouring molten metal [ ] dip tank operations [ ] other: <empty> Work-related exposure to: [ ] hazardous liquid chemicals [ ] extreme heat/cold [ ] potential irritants: <empty> [ ] other: <empty> Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes [ ] No [ ] If no, use: [ ] Face shield [ ] Shading/Filter (#<empty>) [ ] Welding shield [ ] Other: <empty> HEAD: Work activities, such as: [ ] building maintenance [ ] confined space operations [ ] construction [ ] electrical wiring [ ] walking/walking under catwalks [ ] walking/workng under conveyor belts [ ] walking/workng under crane loads [ ] utility work [ ] other: <empty> Work-related exposure to: [ ] beams [ ] pipes [ ] exposed electrical wiring or components [ ] falling objects [ ] machine parts [ ] other: <empty> Can hazard be eliminated without the us…

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# Confined space entry permit Permit date: <empty> Work shift: [ ] 1st [ ] 2nd [ ] 3rd Expires: <empty> Time started: <empty> Permit space to be entered (name and location of space): <empty> Purpose of entry: <empty> ## Names of trained, authorized individuals Emergency contact information Entry supervisor: Emergency responder: Entry attendant: Contact person: Authorized entrants: Phone number: Authorized entrants: Time: ## Pre-entry checklist Do not enter this permit space until the following "needs action" conditions are corrected: <table><tr><th>OK</th><th>Needs action</th><th></th></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Before entering the permit space, the supervisor or designee must notify the rescue team. IDLH conditions require at least one rescue team member located outside the space.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>A minimum of two employees must be assigned to work involving permit space entry. One employee must remain outside the permit space at all times</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>The surrounding area must be surveyed to show that it is free of hazards such as drifting vapors from tanks, piping, sewers, or vehicle exhaust.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Those responsible for operation of the gas monitor have been trained.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Gas monitor calibration tests and functional test (fresh air calibration) have been performed this shift on the gas monitor. If so, by whom?</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>The atmosphere will be continuously monitored while the space is occupied, if required by entry procedure.</td></tr></table> <table><tr><th colspan="8">Pre-entry requirements</th></tr><tr><td>Requirements</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>N/A</td><td>Requirements</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>Lockout-tagout/de-energize</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Hot work permit</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipes(s) broken or capped or blanked</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Fall …

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# Option 2 ## Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE: Instructions 1. - Conduct a walk through survey of your business. For each job/task step, note the presence of any of the following hazard types (see table below) their sources, and the body parts at risk. Fill out the left side of the hazard assessment form (for help, see samples on p.29-30). Gather all the information you can. • Look at all steps of a job and ask the employee if there are any variations in the job that are infrequently done and that might have missed during your observation. you • - For purposes of the assessment, assume that no PPE is being worn by the affected employees even though they may actually be wearing what they need to do the job safely. - Note all observed hazards. This list does not cover all possible hazards that employees may face or for which personal protective equipment may be required. Noisy environments or those which may require respirators must be evaluated with appropriate test equipment to quantify the exposure level when overexposure is suspected. <table><tr><th>Hazard Type</th><th>General Description of Hazard Type</th></tr><tr><td>Impact</td><td>Person can strike an object or be struck by a moving or flying or falling object.</td></tr><tr><td>Penetration</td><td>Person can strike, be struck by, or fall upon an object or tool that would break the skin.</td></tr><tr><td>Crush or pinch</td><td>An object(s) or machine may crush or pinch a body or body part.</td></tr><tr><td>Harmful Dust</td><td>Presence of dust that may cause irritation, or breathing or vision difficulty. May also have ignition potential.</td></tr><tr><td>Chemical</td><td>Exposure from spills, splashing, or other contact with chemical substances or harmful dusts that could cause illness, irritation, burns, asphyxiation, breathing or vision difficulty, or other toxic health effects. May also have ignition potential.</td></tr><tr><td>Heat</td><td>Exposure to radiant heat sources, splashes or spills…

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# De-Energizing ## An Electrically Safe Work Condition The most important principle of electric safety is, assume electric circuits are energized unless you make sure they are not. Test every circuit and conductor every time you work on them. The National Fire Protection Association lists six steps to ensure conditions for electrically safe work.** - Identify all sources of power to the equipment. Interrupt - the load current, then open the disconnecting devices for each power source. : - Where possible, visually verify that blades of disconnecting devices are fully open or that drawout-type circuit breakers are fully withdrawn. - Apply lockout/tagout devices in accordance with a formal, written policy. - Test each phase conductor or circuit part with an adequately rated voltage detector to verify that the equipment is de-energized. Check the voltage detector before and after each test to be sure it is working. - Properly ground all possible sources of induced voltage and stored electric energy (such as, capacitors) before touching. If conductors or circuit parts that are being de-energized could contact other exposed conductors or circuit parts, apply ground-connecting devices rated for the available fault current. The process of de-energizing is “live” work and can result in an arc flash due to equipment failure. When de- energizing, follow the procedures described below in "Working On or Near Live Circuits." ## Lockout/tagout program Your employer should establish a written lockout/tagout program and train employees in the program. The program should cover planning for locating and labeling energy sources, identifying employees at risk, how and by whom the equipment is de-energized, releasing of stored energy, verifying that the circuit is de-energized and can't be restarted, voltage testing, grounding requirements, shift changes, coordination with other jobs in progress, a procedure for keeping track of all involved personnel, applying and removing…

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# CHAPTER 3 -- INSPECTION GUIDANCE (cont.) - III. Vehicle Hazardous Energy Control. A. Background. Serious injuries and death have occurred and continue to occur from inadequate hazardous energy control during vehicle servicing and maintenance activities. In 1991, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia remanded the LOTO standard to OSHA for further consideration of the ways in which the final rule applies to all general industry workplaces. OSHA, in the March 30, 1993 Federal Register (Vol. 58, No. 59), reaffirmed and further explained the reasons for applying the standard to vehicle servicing and maintenance. The scope and application sections of the preamble to the hazardous energy control standard provide that the LOTO standard applies to all “general industry workplaces." The standard's coverage includes vehicles, such as, but not limited to, automobiles, trucks, tractors, refrigeration transport vehicles, and material handling equipment. B. Hazardous Energy. Generally speaking, for purposes of vehicle servicing and maintenance, hazardous energy refers to: mechanical motion; potential energy due to pressure, gravity, or springs; battery-generated electrical energy; thermal energy, including chemical energy; and other forms of energy, which can cause injury to employees working in, on, or around machines or equipment. Any vehicle [e.g., internal combustion engines such as gasoline, natural gas and diesel powered vehicles; electric-powered vehicles; hybrid (gasoline/electric) vehicles] may contain the following types of hazardous energy, such as, but not limited to: 1. Chemical energy due to contact with battery acid, coolant, lubricants; 2. Electric battery shock, arc, and burn hazards; 3. Explosion hazards associated with air bags; 4. Fire and explosion hazards associated with the fuel and fluid systems; 5. Gravitational energy (mechanical) hazards caused by elevated vehicles (e.g., unsafe use of automotive lift equipment) or v…