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Fire extinguisher needed for bulk fuel storage

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Fire Extinguisher Requirements for Bulk Fuel Handling and Storage =================================================================

This document outlines the fire extinguisher requirements for the safe handling and storage of bulk fuel, considering potential fire hazards and regulatory compliance. It is based on industry best practices and relevant safety standards to ensure a safe working environment.

General Requirements


Suitable fire control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers, must be available at locations where flammable liquids are stored to ensure quick response to potential fires [4]

Minimum Rating

Each bulk plant must have at least one approved portable fire extinguisher with a minimum rating of 12-B, C. This rating indicates the extinguisher's capacity to handle both flammable liquid (B) and electrical (C) fires, which are common hazards in fuel handling and storage areas. [1]

Additional Requirements

In addition to the general requirement, a portable fire extinguisher with a rating of not less than 20 BC units shall be located: [2]

Fire Extinguisher Placement


Specific placement guidelines for fire extinguishers include:

  • Outside of, but not more than 10 feet from, a door opening to a room used for the storage of more than 60 gallons of flammable liquids.
  • Not less than 25 feet, nor more than 75 feet, from an outside storage area.
  • On each tank truck or other vehicle used to transport or dispense flammable liquids.
  • Within 50 feet of wherever more than 5 gallons of flammable or combustible liquids or pounds of flammable gas are being used on the jobsite, with an extinguisher rated not less than 10B. This requirement does not apply to the integral fuel tanks of motor vehicles.
  • Within 75 feet of each pump, dispenser, underground fill opening, and lubricating or service area, with at least 1 portable fire extinguisher which has not less than a 20 BC unit rating.
  • At storage locations for liquefied petroleum gas (L.P.G.) with at least 1 approved portable fire extinguisher that has a rating of not less than 20 BC.

[2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] Fire Extinguisher Types


The selection of fire extinguisher type depends on the class of fire:

Table 1: Fire Extinguisher Types by Hazard Class


HAZARDDESCRIPTIONEXTINGUISHER TYPE AND CONTENTS
Class "A" FireCombustible MaterialLoaded stream, Multipurpose dry chemical, Pressure-operated water, Water pump tanks, Water mist, Halon 1211\.
Class "B" FireFlammable Liquids, Gas, Or GreaseCarbon dioxide, Dry chemical, Foam, Loaded stream, Multipurpose dry chemical, Halon 1211\.
Class "C" FireElectrical EquipmentCarbon dioxide with plastic horn only, Dry chemical, Multipurpose dry chemical, Water mist, Halon 1211\.
Class "D" FireCombustible MetalExtinguishing agent listed for use on a specific combustible metal hazard.

[2] [2] [2] [2] [2] Additional Fire Control Measures


In addition to portable fire extinguishers, other fire control measures should be considered:

  • Small hose lines can be used for fire control where applicable.
  • For industrial installations involving containers of 150,000 gallons aggregate water capacity or more, provisions for an adequate supply of water at the container site for fire protection in the container area must be made, unless other adequate means for fire control are provided. Water hydrants must be readily accessible and so spaced as to provide water protection for all containers. Sufficient lengths of firehose at each hydrant location on a hose cart, or other means provided to facilitate easy movement of the hose in the container area, is required. It is desirable to equip the outlet of each hose line with a combination fog nozzle. A shelter to protect the hose and its conveyor from the weather must be provided.

[6] [7] Maintenance and Inspection


Portable fire extinguishers shall be inspected periodically and maintained in accordance with NFPA 10A "Maintenance and Use of Portable Fire Extinguishers," 1970 edition. [2]

Additional Safety Measures


  • Ensure adequate lighting is provided if loading and unloading are normally done during other than daylight hours to illuminate storage containers, control valves, and other equipment.
  • Provide suitable roadways or means of access for extinguishing equipment such as wheeled extinguishers or fire department apparatus.
  • Enclose the area which includes container appurtenances, pumping equipment, loading and unloading facilities, and cylinder-filling facilities with at least a 6-foot-high industrial type fence unless otherwise adequately protected to minimize trespassing or tampering. There must be at least 2 means of emergency access.
  • Prohibit smoking except in designated localities and conspicuously post "No smoking" signs where hazard from flammable liquid vapors is normally present.
  • Make provision to prevent flammable liquids which may be spilled at loading or unloading points from entering public sewers and drainage systems, or natural waterways. Provide connection to such sewers, drains, or waterways by which flammable liquids might enter with separator boxes or other approved means whereby such entry is precluded. Do not dump crankcase drainings and flammable liquids into sewers, but store them in tanks or tight drums outside of any building until removed from the premises.
  • Maintain the storage area free of weeds, debris and other combustible material not necessary to the storage.

[1] [1] [1] [3] [3] [5]

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[1] Safety Standards for General Safety and Health Standards (Chapter 296-24 WAC)

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# Table H-14 Indoor Container Storage (cont.) ## Table H-15 Indoor Portable Tank Storage (cont.) Chapter 296-24 WAC General Safety and Health Standards Part E Hazardous Materials, Flammable Liquids, Spray Finishing Table H-17 Outdoor Portable Tank Storage <table><tr><th>1 Category</th><th>2 Maximum per pile (see note 1)</th><th>3 Distance between piles (see note 2)</th><th>4 Distance to property line than can be built upon (see notes 3 &amp; 4)</th><th>[redacted street address], alley, public way, (see note 4)</th></tr><tr><td></td><td>gal.</td><td>ft.</td><td>ft.</td><td>ft.</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>2,200</td><td>5</td><td>20</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>4,400</td><td>5</td><td>20</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>3 (with flashpoint &lt;100°F)</td><td>8,800</td><td>5</td><td>20</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>3 (with flashpoint &gt;100°F)</td><td>17,600</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>44,000</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>5</td></tr></table> Note 1: When 2 or more categories of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile must be the smallest of the 2 or more separate gallonages. - Note 2: Within 200 ft. of each portable tank, there must be a 12-ft. wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus. - Note 3: The distances listed apply to properties that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column 4 must be doubled. - Note 4: When total quantity stored does not exceed 50% of maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 may be reduced 50%, but not less than 3 ft. (c) Spill containment. You must grade the storage area in a manner to divert possible spills away from buildings or other exposures or surround it by a curb at least 6 inches high. When curbs are used, you must make provisions for draining of accumulations of ground or rain water or spills of flammable liquids. Drains must ter

[2] Construction Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)

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# FIRE PROTECTION (cont.) (7) In addition to the requirements of this rule, fire extinguishers shall be supplied as follows: (a) Not less than 1 portable fire extinguisher that has a rating of not less than 20 BC units shall be located as follows: (i) Outside of, but not more than 10 feet from, a door opening to a room used for the storage of more than 60 gallons of flammable liquids. (ii) Not less than 25 feet, nor more than 75 feet, from an outside storage area. (iii) On each tank truck or other vehicle used to transport or dispense flammable liquids. (iv) A fire extinguisher, rated not less than 10B, shall be provided within 50 feet of wherever more than 5 gallons of flammable or combustible liquids or pounds of flammable gas are being used on the jobsite. This requirement does not apply to the integral fuel tanks of motor vehicles. 5 (b) Each service or fueling area shall have at least 1 portable fire extinguisher which has not less than a 20 BC unit rating and which is located within 75 feet of each pump, dispenser, underground fill opening, and lubricating or service area. (c) Storage locations for liquefied petroleum gas (L.P.G.) shall be provided with at least 1 approved portable fire extinguisher that has a rating of not less than 20 BC. (d) Each site of a hazardous process shall be provided with a portable fire extinguisher of an appropriate size and type. Other means for safety or control may be provided if approved or required by the process. (8) Table 1 may be used in selecting and providing an extinguisher. (9) Table 1 reads as follows: <table><tr><th colspan="3">TABLE 1</th></tr><tr><td>HAZARD</td><td>DESCRIPTION</td><td>EXTINGUISHER TYPE AND CONTENTS</td></tr><tr><td>Class "A" Fire</td><td>Combustible Material</td><td>Loaded stream, Multipurpose dry chemical, Pressure-operated water, Water pump tanks, Water mist, Halon 1211.</td></tr><tr><td>Class "B" Fire</td><td>Flammable Liquids, Gas, Or Grease</td><td>Carbon dioxide, Dry chemical, F

[3] Safety Standards for General Safety and Health Standards (Chapter 296-24 WAC)

Page 230

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# WAC 296-24-475 Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases. (cont.) ## WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] Cylinder systems. (cont.) Chapter 296-24 WAC General Safety and Health Standards Part F-1 Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (b) In industrial installations involving containers of 150,000 gallons aggregate water capacity or more, you must make provisions for an adequate supply of water at the container site for fire protection in the container area, unless other adequate means for fire control are provided. Water hydrants must be readily accessible and so spaced as to provide water protection for all containers. You must provide sufficient lengths of firehose at each hydrant location on a hose cart, or other means provided to facilitate easy movement of the hose in the container area. It is desirable to equip the outlet of each hose line with a combination fog nozzle. You must provide a shelter to protect the hose and its conveyor from the weather. (15) Painting. You must keep aboveground containers properly painted. (16) Lighting. Electrical equipment and installations must conform to WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] (17) and (18). (17) Vaporizers for internal combustion engines. The provisions of WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code](8) apply. (18) Gas regulating and mixing equipment for internal combustion engines. The provisions of WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code](9) apply. [Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, .040, .050, and .060. 15-24-100 (Order 15-04), $ 296-24-[redacted postal code], filed 12/01/2015, effective 01/05/2016. Order 73-5, $ 296-24-[redacted postal code], filed 5/9/73 and Order 73-4, $ 296-24-[redacted postal code], filed 5/7/73.] ## WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] Liquefied petroleum gas as a motor fuel. (1) Application. (a) This section applies to internal combustion engines, fuel containers, and pertinent equipment for the use of liquefied petroleum gases as a motor fuel on easily movable, readily porta

[4] General Industry Safety and Health Standards (MIOSHA)

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# containers are intended for direct export outside the United States. (cont.) 1910.106(d)(7) "Fire control" - 1910.106(d)(7)(i) "Extinguishers." Suitable fire control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers, shall be available at locations where flammable liquids are stored. <table><tr><th colspan="5">TABLE H-17 OUTDOOR PORTABLE TANK STORAGE</th></tr><tr><td>1-Category</td><td>2-Maximum per pile</td><td>3-Distance between piles</td><td>4-Distance to property line that can be built upon</td><td>5-Distance to street, alley, public way</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>gallons</td><td>feet</td><td>feet</td><td>feet</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>2,200</td><td>5</td><td>20</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>4,400</td><td>5</td><td>20</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>3 FP&lt;100F</td><td>8,800</td><td>5</td><td>20</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>3 FP&gt;100F</td><td>17,600</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>44,000</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5">NOTE 1: When 2 or more categories of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be the smallest of the 2 or more separate gallonages.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5">NOTE 2: Within 200 ft. of each portable tank, there shall be a [redacted street address] to permit approach of fire control apparatus.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5">NOTE 3: The distances listed apply to properties that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column 4 shall be doubled.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5">NOTE 4: When total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 may be reduced 50 percent, but not less than 3 ft.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5">NOTE 5: FP means flashpoint.</td></tr></table> 1910.106(d)(7)(i)(a) At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 12-B units shall be located outside of, but n

[5] Safety Standards for General Safety and Health Standards (Chapter 296-24 WAC)

Page 229

Open source document

Source excerpt

# WAC 296-24-475 Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases. (cont.) ## WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] Cylinder systems. (cont.) Chapter 296-24 WAC General Safety and Health Standards Part F-1 Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (b) If loading and unloading are normally done during other than daylight hours, you must provide adequate lights to illuminate storage containers, control valves, and other equipment. (c) You must provide suitable roadways or means of access for extinguishing equipment such as wheeled extinguishers or fire department apparatus. (d) To minimize trespassing or tampering, you must enclose the area which includes container appurtenances, pumping equipment, loading and unloading facilities, and cylinder-filling facilities with at least a 6-foot-high industrial type fence unless otherwise adequately protected. There must be at least 2 means of emergency access. (13) Container-charging plants. (a) You must locate the container-charging room not less than: (i) 10 feet from bulk storage containers. (ii) 25 feet from line of adjoining property which may be built upon. (b) You must locate the tank truck filling station outlets not less than: (i) 25 feet from line of adjoining property which may be built upon. (ii) 10 feet from pumps and compressors if housed in one or more separate buildings. (c) The pumps or compressors may be located in the container-charging room or building, in a separate building, or outside of buildings. When housed in separate building, such building (a small noncombustible weather cover is not to be construed as a building) must be located not less than: (i) 10 feet from bulk storage tanks. (ii) 25 feet from line of adjoining property which may be built upon. (iii) 25 feet from sources of ignition. (d) When a part of the container-charging building is to be used for a boiler room or where open flames or similar sources of ignition exist or are employed, you must se

[6] Safety and Health Regulations for Construction (OSHA 29 CFR 1926) - 1926.150 - Fire protection

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# Table F-1 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS DATA <table><tr><th rowspan="3">OF DEPARTMENT</th><th rowspan="2" colspan="4">WATER TYPE</th><th rowspan="2">FOAM</th><th rowspan="2">CARBON DIOXIDE</th><th colspan="4">DBY CHEMICAL</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2">SODIUM OR POTASSIUM BICARBONATE</td><td colspan="2">MULTI-PURPOSE ABC</td></tr><tr><td>STORED PRESSURE</td><td>CARTRIDGE OPERATED</td><td>WATERPUMP PLIMP TAME</td><td>SODA ACID</td><td>FOAM</td><td>CO2</td><td>CARTRIDGE OPERATED</td><td>STOREO PRE SSURE</td><td>STORED PRESSURE</td><td>CARTRIDGE OPERATED</td></tr><tr><td>CLASS A expenses FIRES WOOD. PAPER, TRAIN MAYRIG CLOWING EMBERS -</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>NO BUT WILL CONTROL SMALL SURFACE FIRES)</td><td>NO BUT WILL CONTROL SMALL SURFACE FIRESH</td><td>NO BUT WILL CONTROL SMALL SURFACE FIRES)</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td></tr><tr><td>CLASS B FRES B PLANMABLE LICANDS, GAROLINE, ONL PAINTS, GREAM. ETC.</td><td>NO</td><td>NO</td><td>NO</td><td>NO</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td></tr><tr><td>CLASS C ELECTION PIRES © ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT -</td><td>NO</td><td>NO</td><td>NO</td><td>NO</td><td>NO</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td><td>YES</td></tr><tr><td>CLASS D committens FIRES D COMPUSTIBLE METALS</td><td colspan="10">SPECIAL EXTINGUISHING AGENTS APPROVED BY RECOGNIZED TESTING LABORATORIES</td></tr><tr><td>METHOD OF OPERATION</td><td>PULL - i</td><td>TURN UPSIDE DOWN AND BUMP</td><td>PUMP MANDLE</td><td>TURN UPSIDE DOWN</td><td>TURN UPSIDE DOWN</td><td>PULL - SQUEEZE LEVER</td><td>RUPTURE CARTRIDGE- SQUEEZE LEVER</td><td>PULL PIM- SOURCE HANDLE</td><td>PULL PM. SQUARS 28 MANDLE</td><td>RUPTURE CARTRIDGE- SQUEEZE LEVER</td></tr><tr><td>BANGE</td><td>30'- 40'</td><td>30' 40'</td><td>30' 40'</td><td>30' 40'</td><td>30' 40'</td><td>y.s'</td><td>5'-20'</td><td>5'-20'</td><td>5'-20'</td><td>5'-20'</td></tr><tr><td>MAINTENANCE</td><td>CHECK AIR PRESSURE GAUGE MONTHLY</td><td>WEIGH GAS

[7] Safety Standards for General Safety and Health Standards (Chapter 296-24 WAC)

Page 154

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Source excerpt

# Table H-14 Indoor Container Storage (cont.) ## WAC 296-24-[redacted postal code] Bulk plants. (cont.) Chapter 296-24 WAC General Safety and Health Standards Part E Hazardous Materials, Flammable Liquids, Spray Finishing <table><tr><th>Location</th><th>Class I Group D division</th><th>Extent of classified area</th></tr><tr><td>Garage for other than tank vehicles</td><td>Ordinary</td><td>If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of an outdoor classified area, the entire room must be classified the same as the area classification at the point of the opening.</td></tr><tr><td>Outdoor drum storage Indoor warehousing where there is no flammable liquid transfer</td><td>Ordinary Ordinary</td><td>If there is any opening to these rooms within the extent of an outdoor classified area, the entire room must be classified the same as the area classification at the point of the opening.</td></tr><tr><td>Office and rest rooms</td><td>Ordinary</td><td></td></tr></table> 1 When classifying the extent of the area, you must give consideration to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles may be spotted at varying points. Therefore, you must use the extremities of the loading or unloading positions. (6) Sources of ignition. You must not handle, draw, or dispense Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C), where flammable vapors may reach a source of ignition. You must prohibit smoking except in designated localities. You must conspicuously post "No smoking" where hazard from flammable liquid vapors is normally present. (7) Drainage and waste disposal. You must make provision to prevent flammable liquids which may be spilled at loading or unloading points from entering public sewers and drainage systems, or natural waterways. You must provide connection to such sewers, drains, or waterways by which flammable liquids might enter with separator boxes or other approved means whereby such entry is precluded.

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